The two books highlight two different views on the way that private security is governed in the African states under review. The Governance of Private Security by Marco Boggero. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. xvii + 199 pp., £99.99 hardcover 978‐3‐319‐69592‐1, £79.50 e‐book 978‐3‐319‐69593‐8 Private Security in Africa: From the Global Assemblage to the Everyday edited by Paul Higate and Mats Utas. London: Zed Books, 2017. 192 pp., £24.99 paperback 9781786990259

The purpose of this study is to analyze if the workmethods in the European Commission's crisis management had post-bureaucratic characteristics, more specifically less hierarchy, horizontal communication, collective decision-making and own responsibility, during the Greek debt crisis 2010-2015. To carry out an analysis this study identifies four characteristics of a post-bureaucratic organization, in order to use the theory as a tool to clearly identify if there are any post-bureaucratic characteristics in the Commission's workmethods during the Greek crisis 2010-2015. The material used in the study is based on published reports from the European Parliament, European Court of Auditors, International Monetary Fund and the European Commission where facts on the European Commission’s crisis management are presented. This study's analysis shows that post-bureaucratic characteristics can be identified on the workmethods the Commission used in some situations during the Greek debt crisis 2010-2015. The study's conclusion is summarized by the fact that the European Commission’s workmethods in relation to post-bureaucratic characteristics are only found in some instances. Therefore the study can not conclude that the European Commission is a post-bureaucratic organization during the Greek crisis 2010-2015.

Abstract

India and Pakistan are at war with each other for over 70 years. To date, the two countrieshave four full scale wars. This thesis evaluates whether the dispute between Pakistan andIndia is linked with the economic development of the rival country or there are otherreasons for it such as terrorism, border disputes, etc. In the analysis, special attention ispaid to tensions related to Kashmir which started in 1948 and are still there. Kashmirplays a vital role in development of Pakistan in a broader context because The IndusRiver, which is the lifeline to Pakistan, flows through the Jammu and Kashmir. Casestudy method was employed, based on secondary data from the existing studies. Thisthesis is based on theories of international politics to explore the Indus Water Treaty andChina Pakistan Economic Corridor in relation to the economic development of Pakistan.The findings reveal that, contrary to the popular belief of the people of the two countriesthat India and Pakistan are fighting over Kashmir’s territory, much of the problems arerelated to economic issues. Indus Water Treaty and China Pakistan Economic Corridorare helping Pakistan in coming out of the vicious circle of poverty and moving towardsdevelopment. Economic development in Pakistan is not beneficial for India, as Pakistanand India compete in their export markets. So, India is creating hurdles in the economicdevelopment of Pakistan. The violation of Indus Water Treaty by India and India’sinterferences in China Pakistan Economic Corridor are two such examples of it. TheChina Pakistan Economic Corridor will increase foreign investment in Pakistan whichwill lead to economic development of Pakistan. This may strengthen Pakistan’s exportsector and challenge India in its international export markets. Therefore, India is creatinghurdles for Pakistan. Moreover, efficient utilization of water may lead to an increase inpower generation in Pakistan which would help it in overcoming energy shortageproblem, especially electricity. If this problem will be resolved, industry and exportsector will be developed, and Pakistan may compete India in export markets. It wasconcluded that major reason of conflicts between India and Pakistan are economic, notpolitical, geographical, or military.

his is a qualitative study. The purpose of the study is to examine what prevailing discoursesthe media portray about ethnic others, and what positions of power they are attributed to. Themethod used is discourse analysis and the empirical study consists of media articles from twoof Sweden's most read newspapers, Aftonbladet and Svensk Dagbladet respectively. Thetheories used in the analysis are the framing theory, ethnic others and the concept of power,which is the theoretical framework of the study. The analysis showed that there are severaldiscourses that are addressed regarding the ethnic others. These discourses are presented in theform of themes and analyzed on the basis of the theory and the chosen theoretical concepts.The results of the study show that there are ambiguous discourses that are repeated about theethnic others, the negatively charged discourses were remarks and that ethnic others areincreasingly attributed to subordinate positions of power.

The FOCUS project is undertaking a range of research and piloting tasks which aim to improve understanding of dynamic integration and to assist the implementation of effective practices. As part of this work a detailed programme of qualitative research has been undertaken in four countries. This report presents the country-specific findings of this research, which will be further consolidated in a cross-site analysis to be completed in the coming months. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with members of the receiving communities and with members of the arriving communities in a total of 10 site in four countries which have different experiences of migration from Syria in recent years (Sweden, Germany, Jordan, Croatia). 

When Nordic Migration Research (NMR) was launched in 2008, there was total agreement among the founding members that one of the primary objectives of the organization was to establish a high-quality, interdisciplinary Nordic journal for research on international migration and migration-related issues in an international and transnational setting. Accordingly, the NMR statutes define the aim of the Nordic Journal for Migration Research (NJMR) as "devoted to publishing high-quality, peer -reviewed research in different aspects of international migration and ethnic relations, such as integration, ethnicity/race, culture, religion, marginalization, citizenship, nationalism, discrimination and racism". The statutes further specify that the NJMR aims to develop into "a forum for both applied and theoretical research, seeking to attract high-quality, original contributions from both Nordic and non-Nordic countries", and that an important part of its mission and raison d'etre would be to focus particularly, although not exclusively, on the areas mentioned above with respect to their relevance to and impact on "the Nordic countries in a global perspective" (Hedetoft & Sicakkan 2011: 1).

This thesis aims to investigate the refugees' experiences when it comes to their participation within the Extra Service job; which is the subsidized job that the Public Employment Service offers to the refugees as part of their integration process. This thesis investigates the thoughts, perspectives, and experiences of the refugees involved in the Extra Service jobs based on conducting fifteen semi-structured interviews. The research findings indicate that the Extra Service job had a positive impact on many refugees, as they used their refugees' agency to gain new human capital, however, this thesis suggests that being involved in such a subsidized job could lead to imprisoning the refugees within the low ranked jobs in the labor market. Throughout this thesis, Human Capital Theory, Segmented Dual Labor Market Theory, and the refugees' agency were used as the theoretical background of the thesis. The thesis contributes to understanding the subjective side of integration in addition to enriching the literature of subsidized jobs when they are to be used for the sake of the refugees' integration.

Keywords: Extra Service job, subsidized job, refugee agency, human capital, dual labor market, secondary segment. 

Segregation is frequently described as a consequence of the global restructuring of social, economic, and political expansions in which multicultural cities, like Malmö, become part of them. This study aims to highlight how visions of housing segregation and exclusion in the city of Malmö has been represented in the local policy documents (Master Plans) through the last three decades and to understand how a newly emerged glocal actor, known as BID Malmö, have impacted the urban governance in the city. In order to investigate these developments, this study applies two analytical frameworks. In terms of policy analysis, it employs a what’s the problem represented to be? (WPR) approach and for the conceptualization of BID Malmö applies the theory of the Global City. Policy analysis shows that urban segregation has been persistent in the city of Malmö through the last three decades, however the representation of problem has shifted vibrantly from placing citizens as the main cause of housing segregation during 1990s to an arena that includes contingent processes and practices that need to be tackled. Policy analysis also shows that Malmö municipality, through shifting the burden of responsibility, now promotes partnership between public and private actors to reduce exclusion based on specific district needs. Moreover, this study argues that the city of Malmö, because of the cross-border network of global cities, is now a space where one can identify formation of new types of global politics of place where informal political actors are emerging and can actually impact the urban governance. Finally, this study maintains that the city of Malmö, along with its newly emerged glocalized actor, fit into the theory of the Global City, by Saskia Sassen. Therefore, this study has also a deductive qualitative analysis.

Abstract 

The purpose of the study is to unaccompanied children's experiences of the communal management of transit and asylum accommodation in Malmo looks as well as to what part they feel that their needs are satisfied in the asylum accommodation. The study is accomplished on an asylum accommodation in Malmö. Five unaccompanied children/youth were interviewed for this study.  

The main question is: How do the children experience municipality's handling of their asylum accommodation while awaiting a decision from the Swedish Migration Board regarding their asylum applications? 

The following questions are: 

1. How do the unaccompanied children experience treatment and the receiving from the authorities like the Social Services and the Migration Board? 

1. How does the unaccompanied children understand their being at the accommodation? 

1. What social network (family, residential staff, friends, public officials) are understand as important by unaccompanied children while in transit? 

1. What are the unaccompanied children future plans? 

This study shows a satisfaction about the authorities receiving the unaccompanied children. The method that have been used is interviews. The theories that have been used in the analysing discussion is Bourdieu´s theories about field, habitus and capitals and Maslows need stairway. 

Keywords: unaccompanied children, authorities, asylum accommodations, Malmö.  

Hip hop today is one of the largest genres within the music industry. Since the beginning of its existence it has been a thourougly male dominated field, but there has been a feminist change that is rarely talked about. Hip hop is also often associated with issues like ethnicity and class, especially considering how it keeps on growing into a worldwide genre. This study seeks to examine, with intersectional theory, the ways that rappers and artists write their music, how they portray themselves and people around them, and subjects like violence, criminality and drug abuse. This paper will focus on eight songs, four of which are performed by women and the other four by men. It has been done from a critical discourse analytical viewpoint and examines each song from this perspective.In sum, it will present how the intersectional perspective is important when it comes to understanding society’s norms and how the power structure affects us, especially considering the way we present ourselves to other people. The paper will also present subjects like masculinity and how it enables attention to the ambivalences of gender discourses.

This study aims to investigate challenges within the provision of integration support to quota refugees and municipal integration staffs understanding of these challenges in Skåne. It was conducted through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with municipal integration staffs in Skåne. The research findings indicate three key challenges in the reception of quota refugees namely lack adequate housing, lack of financial resources from the region and government, and lack of provision of psychosocial support. Further challenges are connected to the lack of translators available to municipalities in the quota refugees’ mother tongue, the lack of English or major refugee languages among quota refugees, and often poor mental health which slow down Swedish language learning process and affect integration negatively. As its contribution, this study provides a broader view on challenges with the provision of integration support by municipalities regarding reception capacity, housing, and integration programs to quota refugees simultaneously. Thereby, it points out the differences among municipalities in terms of resource allocation for integration, as well as the political will to integrate quota refugees which create unequal chances for integration.

As a country of high migration, Sweden presents an interesting case for the study of belongingness. For the children of migrants, ethnic and national identification, as well as ascriptive identity, can pose challenges to feelings of belongingness, which is an essential element for positive mental health. In this article, survey data were collected from 626 Swedes whose parents were born in the following countries: Somalia, Poland, Vietnam, and Turkey. The results show that Poles significantly felt they received more reflective appraisals of ascription than any other group. However, despite not feeling as if they were being ascribed as Swedish, most group members (regardless of ethnic origin) had high feelings of belongingness to Sweden. Overall, individuals who felt that being Swedish was important for their identity indicated the highest feelings of belongingness. Further, individuals across groups showed a positive correlation between their national identification and ethnic identification, indicating a feeling of membership to both. These results mirror previous research in Sweden where individuals' ethnic and national identities were positively correlated. The ability to inhabit multiple identities as a member of different groups is the choice of an individual within a pluralistic society. Multiple memberships between groups need not be contradictory but rather an expression of different spheres of inhabitance.

This article aims to explore the interrelation between post racialism, colorblind ideology, and the perception of Swedishness. Through 40 interviews and surveys conducted in Malmo, Sweden, participants were asked to reflect on race, ethnicity, and Swedishness. Multiple meanings were present in the participants' responses, half of whom were white and half non-white. For white participants, boundaries around the in-group construction of 'Swedishness' were based in whiteness, yet these participants held overwhelmingly negative attitudes towards the use of words race or racialization. On the other hand, non-white participants viewed race and racialization with less negative connotations, yet they also endorsed the need to be white in order to be perceived as being Swedish. The results support the notion that abandonment of the word race does not always equate to an abandonment of whiteness. This article builds upon and expands previous findings in the U.S. context while contributing to an emerging body of literature on race and racialization in Sweden. Additionally, it seeks to challenge dominant narratives and assumptions of 'Swedishness' and its connection to whiteness.

In recent decades, the international community has been dominated by discussions about the legitimacy of humanitarian interventions. In connection with this discussion, we have been able to see different point of views from different actors, including world leaders, where the question is whether emphasis should be placed on sovereignty or on the protection of human rights. The humanitarian intervention in Kosovo in 1999 carried out by NATO, led by the United States, is a clear example where there were divided opinions on whether an intervention is necessary and in accordance with the norms of the international community. Previous research shows that world leaders' positions and actions in the international arena can be explained by norms and by constructivist theory

This essay examines statements made by the key actors and former presidents, Bill Clinton and Slobodan Milosevic, in connection with the intervention in Kosovo in 1999. With the aim of examining the norms and principles that support world leaders' arguments in connection with humanitarian interventions, with the support of an argumentative analysis. The analysis shows that there are similarities between Clinton's and Milosevic's norms and perceptions of the world in general, despite their opposing views on the intervention in Kosovo. 

African immigrants in Sweden are often problematized in political and media debates, especially in relation to the lack of integration into the Swedish labour market. The study is based on primary and secondary data analysis of the challenges Ugandan immigrants experience during the process of navigating themselves in the Swedish labour market. The aim of this study is to examine the challenges experienced by Ugandan immigrants in and within the Swedish labour market.My empirical material was based on the primary data gathered from interviews (semi-structured interviews), which are real-life experiences from immigrants and secondary data from the literature review that formed the study's theoretical background. The theories used during research are human capital, social capital, and integration. During the study, findings revealed that discrimination, the lack of social network, lack of human capital poor knowledge of the Swedish language, and non-recognition of foreign academic qualifications and skills were the major barriers experienced by Ugandan immigrants from entering the Swedish labour market. However, the Swedish government has been able to acknowledge some of those challenges and considered plans have been put in place to tackle these challenges.

The theme of the work is very central and is often addressed during debates, in the media and in general in society. Second-generation immigrants may find it difficult to understand the conflicts that exist around fitting into a society and shaping themselves according to social reality.

Therefore, the aim of this study is to highlight, on the basis of second-generation immigrants with roots in the Balkans, the concept of identity that is formed at the intersection of the values of the majority society and the cultural background of immigrant parents. 

This study consists of primary data through qualitative, semi-structured interviews. Interview technology is based on predetermined questions based on my chosen themes. The chosen theoretical perspectives include: Symbolic Interactionism and the impact of ethnicity in social interaction.

The conclusions of this study are that second-generation immigrants are being squeezed with their cultural affiliation because they cannot be fully accepted, either in Sweden or in their parents home country. Furthermore, second-generation immigrants are formed on the basis of both their parents cultural background and the majority society. 

My thesis will dispute one of the most essential threats experienced by the young South Caucasian states since restoring their state sovereignity from Russia. Russia follows an agressive foreign political course and implements a direct menace for these newly independent states. It became obvious due to the military occupation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in August of 2008 and supporting the local separatists. The main goal of thesis is to analyse and eloborate on the main motivations of the Russian government's policy towards Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. My research question seeks to examine how domestic and international political factors formulated and structured the foreign policy of Russia towards the South Caucasian states. In addition, the theoretical framework will take into consideration the neo-classical realism theory of international relations. I wll use qualitative research methods for data collection and analysis and it will help me to analyse three essential factors formulated the Russian policy in the South Caucaus. The thesis recognized the fact that the Russian elite consider the close cooperation of the Caucasian states with NATO as a danger for their interests in their traditional zone of influence. The thesis will underline the significance of President Putin in Russia since the state is authoritarian and he could be considered as the main desicion-maker in foreign policy. Yet, Vladimir Putin is not an absolute power symbol as Joseph Stalin and modern Russia is not the Soviet Union. Putin depends on the statements of the various fractions in Russian society. The thesis will complete with idea that three factors explain the reasons of the assertive forein policy of Russia towards the South Caucasian states. 

This thesis examines how member nations manage their national identities within the supranational context of the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) and the significance of the ESC in creating a shared European identity. Patterns of identification and attitudes relating to culture, ethnicity/nationality, religion/faith, and gender/sex are discovered by studying the winning submissions from 1998 to 2022 through content analysis and discourse analysis. The ESC acts as a soft power instrument by encouraging member nations' sense of solidarity and cultivating respect for and understanding of other cultures. It serves as a platform for cross- cultural dialogue, self-promotion, and nation branding, fostering diplomatic connections and providing opportunities for commercial and cultural exchanges. 

The ESC emphasizes the dichotomy between national and European identity, but it also demonstrates how these identities intersect and support one another. It advances the formation of a European identity while giving states a forum to showcase their national and cultural identities. The ESC influences notions of European identity and defines what it means to be European. 

This research paper has focused on Twitter and Meta (Facebook). The research paper will present their commitments towards human rights as stated within their CSR reports. The company’s will be compared through comparative method and the material will be coded with a content analysis method. The material selected is CSR reports, NGO reports, law cases and official statements. With institutional theory and stakeholder theory the research paper presents a human rights perspective and discuss the credibility of the companies. The focus will be on selected variables, these variables being: Access to information, Right to privacy, and Freedom of expression. A comparison will be the structure of the analysis. The findings will be presented within the conclusion and the research questions will be answered in an adequate way and discuss the credibility and legitimacy of the companies. The discussion will present the variables and the future within social media.

Som följd av Rysslands invasion av Ukraina har Sveriges säkerhetspolitik varit högt upp på dagordningen. Därför undersöker uppsatsen varför Sverige skickade stöd till Ukraina efter den ryska invasionen. Frågeställningen som besvaras är "På vilka sätt kan realismen och liberalismen förklara varför den svenska regeringen valde att skicka stöd till Ukraina?" Och på vilka sätt har realismen och liberalismen påverkat det praktiska genomförandet av svenskt stöd till Ukraina?" Material som har varit grunden för undersökningen är presskonferenser och pressmeddelande från Sveriges regering. Teorin som styr analysen är två idétraditioner, realism och liberalism. Metoden som används är kvalitativ textanalys, där materialet klassificeras och sedan analyseras kritiskt utifrån idétraditionerna. Tidigare forskning visar på att realism och liberalism har haft påverkan på länders agerande i krig genom historien. Realismen har förklarat Rysslands agerande mot Ukraina vid annekteringen av Krimhalvön. Det grundade sig i den ryska statens rädsla för hotet mot statens överlevnad, och den ryska statens makt runt om i världen. USA:s ändamål med kriget mot Irak var enligt liberalismen, spridningen av den amerikanska demokratin och friheten. Uppsatsens slutsats ser likheter mellan Sveriges agerande och Rysslands agerande. Den svenska statens överlevnad är hotad, enligt realismen, på grund av Ryssland invasion av Ukraina. Liberalismens förklaring är hotet mot den europeiska säkerhetsordningen som därmed påverkar Sverige.

This essay examines the implementation of Agenda 2030 in Malmö municipality. The study uses three theoretical approaches: implementation theory “can, understand and want” along with top-down bottom-up theory and institutionalism to examine how Malmö municipality dealt with integration of Sustainable development goals into their organization. In order to attain the goal an empirical analysis was conducted where vision of Malmö municipality, governing documents, goals, and activities of Malmö municipality were examined. An interview study was also conducted to examine the level of understanding of Agenda 2030, as well as public officials' discretion. The implementation and integration of Agenda 2030 in Malmö municipality was understood and explained by using the theories. The result of this study reveals that there’s a decent condition and resources in place in order to implement the Agenda 2030. Moreover, the implementation of Global goals in Malmö city has advancement to some extent. However, there is challenges that needs to be solved continuously during implementation period. At the local level, Malmö municipality plays an important role in the implementation of Global goals. Furthermore, adaptation to Agenda 2030 as a global model and action plan has been a significant factor in Malmö municipality. Therefore, it’s important to examine whether the adaptation takes place on the outer level or deep integrated into all levels of Malmö municipality. 

This study contributes to the literature on the implementation of Agenda 2030 by using a mixture of theories. Additionally, it provides valuable insight for the Malmö municipality and other municipalities that strive to integrate the Global goals with subgoals. 

This open access book brings novel perspectives to the scholarship on transnational migration. The book stresses the complexity of migration trajectories and proposes multi-sited field studies to capture this complexity. Its constituent chapters offer examples of onward migration spanning all major world regions. The contents exemplify a range of interdisciplinary approaches, including both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The result is an impressive remapping and reconceptualisation of global migration and mobility, of interest to students and policy-makers alike. 

This introductory chapter sets the scene for the book. It defines onward migration as a migration trajectory that involves extended stays in two or more destination countries and distinguishes it from competing and overlapping terms like stepwise and transit migration. Onward migration is a growing phenomenon within overall global migration dynamics, although statistics to document the scale and trends of this type of migration are scarce. The main aim of the chapter is to examine how onward migration and transnationalism are connected. This is achieved both by reference to a range of existing literature and by citing evidence from the succeeding chapters in the volume. We demonstrate both how transnationalism can shape onward migration and, the reverse, how different onward migration trajectories may result in different forms of transnationalism. In this latter context, we identify inter-generational, split, widening and re-routed transnationalism, again drawing on examples both from the book and from the wider literature. The final section of the chapter consists of a methodological discussion on the practicalities of researching onward migration and multi-sited transnationalism, in which the technique of multi-sited ethnography is discussed, critiqued and modified.

This study has analyzed five different judgments from the colonial anti-sodomy law Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code using the frameworks of Foucauldian genealogical discourse, and Judith Butler’s heterosexual matrix. The aim was to understand and expose how sexuality and lesbianism were constructed within these judgments and to make the norms within the discourses visible.

The findings showed sexuality as dependent on a heterosexual and gender-binary norm. Gender hierarchy creates structures of the gender binary that positioned the man in the center of sexual interaction, desire, and sexuality. In contrast, the woman played a passive and often invisible, and nonsexual role. Further, the gender hierarchy produced a sexual hierarchy with natural heterosexuality as the most desirable. To maintain good heterosexuality, differentiation was crucial hence the undesirable and perverted male homosexuality acted as a hostile opposition. Due to the role of women as passive lesbianism appeared invisible. The discourse of the nonsexual woman made lesbian sexuality unimaginable. As a consequence, the lesbian was assumed asexual.

For centuries, emotion has been a conundrum for scholars because it punctuates, marks or changes magnitude of all major events in human and organizational lives. Each individual's human emotional experience is culturally constructed or socio-culturally created under specific conditions, with the involvement of other human agents or variables to the causal processes. To advance research, we draw from theories and philosophical thoughts across cultures, from ancient times to modern era. In that context, emotion is the sine qua non of the totality of Yorùbá's beliefs about reality and it is the heart and soul of connectedness between people or places. The present study assessed human emotion factors among a business-oriented population and compared these views with distinctions proposed in the literature. Using a repeated-measure multiple discriminant function analysis for individual items across raters. Neither the Interest subscale or Surprise subscale nor the Guilt subscale demonstrated significant retest correlations in a comparison of the General and Specific Depression conditions; and also, of the Specific Depression and pre-examination conditions. More specifically, culturally mediated beliefs, values and traditions associated with socialization practices (political skills in case of workplace), have been hypothesized to play a role in the kinds of emotions display. Alternative interpretations of the data are examined and theoretical issues in need of further clarification are discussed. By discussing caveats, the chapter laid foundations for artifacts that can guide future thoughtful research and the potential utility of this measure, and the likes for several areas of organizational, social and business research phenomena. 

The geopolitical boundaries are fading in importance as corporations take on a more global perspective, and the technology of the 'new social media age' take a bird's-eye survey of this changing corporate terrain especially in turbulent times. This chapter concerns the real-world significance of global organizational science for the success or failure of organizations and human interactions. The science of organizations leads to the understanding of applications and interventions that benefit employees, work teams, organizations, management, customers, stakeholders, the community, and the larger society in which organizations are involved. The authors propose conceptualizing the science of organization as the world of work from multiple perspectives and paradigms in its goals of integrating the diverse insights of these other core disciplines and applying them to contemporaneous real-world challenges and opportunities for future inquiry in this domain. The authors next offer a taxonomy of a variety of reasons why global organizational sciences matter in an ever-changing business environment. A review and description of several emerging trends that are impacting organization life may tell us more about organizational science. The authors then summarize the evidence showing that organizational science's disputes and ongoing debates on the paradigmatic development are warranted. That striking an amicable balance can stimulate consensus that will later promote 'strong presence of mind, sense of professional confidence and of one another, and technological assurance'. This may indirectly affect the status of the discipline or field for better or for worse, and we conclude by saying without theory and method, that organizational practice is uninformed. Without practice, organizational theory is non-dynamic, stagnant, and moribund. Without a global organizational science, an organization or business firm loses tremendous diversity, synthesis in organizational research and theory, and substantial epistemology in the crucial need to connect to practice. High-performing corporations 'in a changing corporate terrain' operate like a well-oiled machine that operates capably through the effective coordination of many parts -- networks, culture, information systems, and talent mobility. The former issue: "Someone who works under you" has changed to "Someone who is a team member." Indeed, organizational hierarchies are collapsing, in successful global corporations, to promote cooperation and a winning attitude, much, like a sports team, comes together to win a game. Global organizational science is everyone's business and everyone's duty; it has the potential to become a touchstone in the lives of organizations. This is not the twilight of neutrality, but the twilight glow of dawn.

Sweden has taken in many refugees in recent years. Several studies indicate that it is difficult for newcomers to find a place on the labour market, for a number of reasons. The purpose of this study is to investigate how newly-arrived Syrians who came to Sweden in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017 found their first jobs in Sweden. The study will examine how their social network and contacts have contributed to their getting a job. The question the study asks is: 

To what extent do different types of network and contacts contribute to providing new arrivals with the opportunity to enter the labor market?

To be able to answer these questions, the study used a qualitative method and conducted semi-structuring interviews with eight participants from different geographical areas in Sweden. Furthermore the study has used the theory of Pierre Bourdieu's social capital, Robert Putnam's  connecting and linking social capital, and Mark Granovetter's strong and weak ties. In addition the study has used three previous pieces of research on the subject to get closer to the purpose of the study. The study reached several conclusions that show that informal ways of working are more important and more effective in helping the participants to find jobs than traditional methods. Results also show that personal contacts, that is friends and acquaintances of friends, are more important than family members and close friends in helping newcomers to find work, by providing jobseekers with information and opportunities. Results also show that there are differences between the different networks. The informal network is more important than the formal when it comes to the participants' entry into the labour market.

To sum up, contacts and networks play a major role in newcomers' integration into society. Moreover, they contribute to more assets and inclusion in the various workplaces through tips, information and recommendations.

This paper investigates the cultural, social, and economic factors contributing to inequality and discrimination experienced by midlife women at home and work in an extreme case. The paper focuses solely on midlife women's issues to explore the intersection between age and gender factors. Previous research has found that personal beliefs influence midlife crises and can affect both men and women. Furthermore, previous research has considered the factors of inequality for midlife women at home and work separately. The factors of inequality identified in previous research include discrimination and stereotyping based on age and gender, as well as violations against women. Furthermore, previous research has categorized the factors of inequality within families as individual and structural. This study aims to develop a better understanding of an extreme case of inequality in Malmö, Sweden. The study analyzes and compares the content of four qualitative interviews conducted with foreign and Swedish-born midlife women and one expert from Malmö. The job search expert illustrates how government policies force people, especially women, to work in harmful conditions. Additionally, this study discusses how economic factors, such as the new austerity policies, contribute to social inequality.

This thesis attempts to analyse how refugees and immigrants were portrayed by some of the major Swedish newspapers that have high readability in Sweden, and thus probably may highly impact public opinion in Sweden, mainly during the autumn of 2015. This is achieved by analysing 19 articles from the three biggest newspapers Dagens Nyheter (DN), Aftonbladet, and Sydsvenskan out of which 10 are editorials and 9 are quotes from interviews with politicians. Content analysis is used to analyse the articles. Securitization theory is applied as the theoretical framework. The analysis found that there was an approach of welcoming refugees and promoting immigration in the autumn of 2015, which changed to a negative one just a few months later by the same Swedish media calling that influx of refugees a “refugee crisis”. The newspapers have similar political positions on the refugee issue regarding favouring reduced immigration. 

Finland is recognized as a country with high human rights standards including the rights of the indigenous people that are protected by various declarations, conventions, and international human rights laws. Finland first enacted a Sámi Parliament Act in 1995 and has most recently in 2019 received criticism from the UN Human Rights Committee for not guaranteeing the rights for the legally recognized indigenous Sámi people living within Finland’s borders. Government proposal to reform the Act sparked the discussion of Sámi rights in Finland in the fall of 2022. Through a critical postcolonial perspective together with examining purposeful sampling material and the reform opposing discourse in the Finnish parliament, this thesis aims to get a view for the reason of the dismissal of the reform. It suggests that Finland’s position as a human rights model country in indigenous people’s rights is questionable in the matter of the Sámi rights.

This essay examines policy discourses in the 30th Baltic Parliamentary Conference held in 2021. By examining several policy proposals from the resolution adopted by the participants, as well as related key documents and speeches from parliamentarians, the underlying assumptions and logics shaping these policys are examined. The thesis analyses whether there are gendered patterns in the policy discourses. The policy areas examined are about cooperation, identity, climate, and the environment. The material is analysed by combining the theory feminist discursive institutionalism and by using Carol Bacchi's method "What's the problem represented to be?". The conclusions are that there are many underlying problematisations that contribute to shaping policies in the 30th Baltic Sea Conference, which are supported by hidden gender coded language. The problematisations underpinning the policys are ”hiding” other ways of evaluating and shaping problems, solutions, and policy areas.

Since the 2018 Chinese plastic waste import ban, the global plastic waste trade has been increasingly problematized, especially considering the correlated global environmental issue of marine plastic pollution. Therefore, governance approaches are required to curb marine plastic pollution and regulate the plastic waste trade to prevent situations of “waste dumping” in Global South countries. This thesis will examine the connection between the 2019 changes Basel Convention as a global governance approach and the tendency of Southeast Asian countries to implement import regulations due to an increase in plastic waste exports to the region and resulting environmental concerns.  The empirical context of both plastic problems and the central theoretical concepts of waste distancing and environmental justice associated with a postcolonial, environmental theory approach are discussed in the literature review. The 2019 changes to the Basel Convention will be first examined with a content analysis and then the changing international context resulting in national import regulations will be studied with a process-tracing approach focused on the cases of Malaysia and Thailand. To conclude the Basel Convention provided a regulative framework for certain plastic waste imports and can also be related to the Southeast Asian countries’ response of repatriating illegal imports.

Far right parties in Europe are growing and gaining more voters, and so are the Sweden Democrats, a Swedish far right nationalistic party.  This paper’s main theory ”The voter median model” was first introduced by Anthony Downs and further developed by Pippa Norris. The model will be used together with party debates and voter surveys in order to explain a higher voter turnout for far populist rights. The main purpose is to put Swedish political parties and voters’ preferences in comparison with the voter median model, in order to explain why more Swedish voters’ to a larger extent vote for the Sweden democrats. The theory’s main point is that too similar politics between traditional parties makes it harder for the voters to see the parties’ different agendas and political goals. Therefore, the voters are driven to vote for parties on either side to make a difference. The main purpose is to find out how it can be used to explain a rise in right wing populism, in this case in Sweden. This thesis` conclusion is that the similarities in party politics political goals between different parties bears relevance to explain factors for higher voter turnout. This will be made through the voter median model 

During the year 2020, the world witnessed the reignition of an old conflict over the disputed land of Nagorno-Karabakh, between the countries of Armenia and Azerbaijan. Throughout the duration of conflict, curiosity arose with the different implementations of Enemy Images and how both countries used said enemy images. As both countries have their respective claims towards the land, either based on ethnic or historic facts, they did not shy away from pointing fingers at one another. Following the conflict, questions started formulating as to; how are the countries similar or different in the way they depict the “other’’; how are the countries visually depicting each other; how are they trying legitimize their actions; and how are two countries trying to depict themselves as the victim?Thus, a qualitative comparative case study analysis is implemented to help understand this phenomenon. Using readily available online data (i.e. new sources) allowed the researcher to compare the two countries and see how there is more to enemy images, and how they were used for legitimacy. The outcome of the study presented both similarities and differences between the two countries, and how they legitimize themselves towards the audience, through tools such as victimhood.

Syftet med denna studien är att undersöka hur socialsekreterare arbetar med att integreraensamkommande flyktingbarn i det svenska samhället. För att kunna besvara min frågeställningoch uppnå syftet med uppsatsen har jag valt att använda mig utav kvalitativa metoden som bestårav 5 stycken intervjuer som har hjälpt mig att komma fram till resultaten. Intervjuerna skeddegenom telefon på grund av den aktuella rådande pandemin gällande corona, det har dock haftsina negativa och positiva påverkan till intervjuerna.Vidare har tidigare forskning använts, som berör samma område. Stigma, socialisation,empowerment och systemteori är teorier som använts i denna studie.Där resultatet sedan har jämförtsmed tidigare forskning samt kopplat till de teorier som valts.Därefter så har jag valt att tillämpa tidigare forskningar som undersöker olika situationer inomsamma område. Jag har även valt olika teorier såsom Stigma, socialisation, empowerment ochsystemteori. Därefter så har jag jämfört resultaten av dessa intervjuer med tidigare forskningaroch kopplat det till olika teorier som jag har valt.Resultatet i denna uppsats visar på att lyckad integration i det svenska samhället kräver ensjälvständig och självgående individ. För att kunna uppnå detta så behöver barnen känna sigmotiverade till att skapa olika sociala relationer, känna sig trygga och utveckla sinaspråkkunskaper. Vilket gör det lättare att kommunicera med olika sociala grupper och ävenkämpa i skolan. Vidare påpekar flera av respondenterna vikten av att uppmuntra befolkningensacceptans av ensamkommande barn, med hjälp av olika metoder såsom aktiviteter och programför gemenskap. Detta resultatet har framkommit utifrån socialsekreterarens perspektiv vilketkunde kopplas med tidigare forskningar och överensstämmer med teorierna som jag har valt attanvända.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how immigrants are portrayed and presented by Swedish newspapers’ editorials. In the recent decade, the discussion about immigration has got a wider space in media coverage due to the large number of migrants who have sought asylum in Europe. The media is a center of power, an important source of information and knowledge, and an arena that contributes to opinion formation. I have therefore chosen to study articles on editorial pages of two major Swedish newspapers which are Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The empirical material covers the period between 2015 and 2019. I have used discourse analysis as a method. The theoretical framework consists of three theories: social constructionism, framing theory, and racism.The results I have come to show that on leader pages, immigrants are portrayed as groups that are studied, analyzed, and assessed by the various actors in society, ie, media politicians, the authorities, or the journalists. They are associated with various social issues such as integration or segregation. Generally, immigrants emerge as a passive, powerless, deviant, and subordinate group. Sometimes a failed integration is attributed to shortcomings in the political system, but this also has contributed to the emphasis on immigrants as a burden and challenge for society.

The approach of this study is that conversion to Islam leads to stigmatization. Based on that the aim of this study is to examine what reactions and treatment Swedish Muslim converts have experienced from their families regarding their conversion to Islam, how they prepare for revealing their conversion, what strategies they use to handle their families’ reactions and whether this has any significance in their self-perception.

The study is qualitative and was made with semi-structured interviews with five Swedish female converts. The theories used are Erving Goffman’s stigma and the concepts of Islamophobia and Swedishness. The results show that the converts prepare the revealing of their conversion by speaking openly and positively about Islam a long time before the revealing. The reactions received indicate reproduced Islamophobic prejudices and aversions and take form of grief, shame, and despair to more far-reaching reactions such as negative violations, distancing, lack of support and exclusion from the family unity and from Swedishness. The women explain that they hide the fact that they pray, and, in some cases, they take off their headscarves when visiting their families. Furthermore, they wear a turban or put on headscarves and clothes with bright colors to look more ‘normal’. Finally, their self-perception is affected by all the negative reactions and treatment, and they clarify that they feel ambiguities about how to perceive themselves: as ‘real’ Swedes or not since their families tell them they areno longer considered as such

Despite many international and local attempts to end the practice of FGM/C, this practice continues to flourish in Nigeria and thus has a negative impact on the lives of girls and women on a daily basis. Furthermore, female genital mutilation is a serious form of violence against girls, women, and children that must be abolished worldwide. This study primarily sought to understand the sociocultural factors that influence the mothers' attitudes towards the continuation of FGM/C in Nigeria. The study used the theory of planned behaviour developed by Ajzen which proposes three distinct constructs as drivers of intention. This theory was deemed to be suitable for the study since sociocultural factors that contribute to the continuation of FGM in relation to mothers’ attitudes toward the practice can be interpreted or linked to the determinants of intention. In addition, this study used secondary data analysis and relied largely on reliable secondary sources.

Somali women have suffered at the hands of the patriarchy for as long as they have known. It is well established that the civil war in 1991 created irreparable damage to the Somali people. Nevertheless, it opened doors for women to experience autonomy for the first time. The impact it has had on the men has been contrasting, causing them to separate from their manhood. This thesis aimed to determine how migration has solved the empowerment-disempowerment dichotomy Somali women have faced for centuries. To do this, we will explore the dynamics of maternal politics, using a concept referred to as political motherhood. We then utilised political motherhood and conducted a qualitative analysis using four semi-structured interviews with a prominent group known as the “Mothers of Rinkeby” internationally. These women have been working to prevent crime in Rinkeby. Our results show a considerable correspondence between fleeing Somalia and how women of the Somali diaspora long to dismantle the patriarchal values deeply ingrained in their culture. Meanwhile, the husbands and fathers are absent. We conclude that Somali diaspora women are not only empowered now, but they are working to change the flawed patriarchal system upheld in Somali culture.

The asylum seekers' integration is a vigorous and multidimensional process for which resolute effort of the both target group and the host society is inevitably entailed. Yet, the findings of this study shows that it is not easily achieved due to certain challenges which should be tackled. This research paper concisely aims to examine how the target group experience integration into the Swedish labor market. The study further seeks to explore how the target group perceives the role of NGOs and thier policies adopted to integrate them into the Swedish labor market in Malmo.Through a sound analysis of the primary and secondary material, this study elucidates the NGOs' role and policies in this field. The findings discovered as a result of this inquiry, noticeably depict that the NGOs, through their different measures and diverse policies, have tried to cope with their humanitarian mission; however, the outcome have been divergent.

The flow of political aid into civil society organizations has sparked extensive debates and controversies surrounding the impact of foreign aid on the efficacy of said organizations in recipient countries. These discussions explore foreign aid through theoretical and empirical lenses, investigating its implications on global, regional, and national levels of analysis. Consequently, fundamental notions of geopolitics, development, and normative considerations within the realm of International Relations (IR) have been called into question. By employing the theory of hegemony and the concept of agency, this paper aims to enhance our understanding of the interplay between the agency of civil society organizations and foreign aid. It addresses the question of What analyzing the agency of civil society organizations in Lebanon reveals about the possibilities for transforming the hegemonic relationships within foreign aid? The examination of Robert Cox’s contextualization of Gramsci's theory of hegemony in IR, combined with James C. Scott’s observation of peasant resistance in rural Malaysia, lays the foundation for this study. This study calls attention to the often-overlooked ability of civil society organizations to not only challenge but reshape the prevailing hegemonic dynamics of foreign aid. More importantly, this study instigates a nuanced exploration of agency, resistance, and the transformative capacity of CSOs derived from local perspectives and the subculture and values of the civil society in Lebanon

The voices of Palestinian women of Syria are often silenced in knowledge produced in humanitarian research and practice. ‘Speaking back’ sessions provide crucial insights into these women’s experiences and their relevance for discussions on rights mobilisation.

Forced migrants are often asked to share parts of their lives with journalists, researchers and humanitarian professionals. Knowledge production is part and parcel of humanitarian practice: humanitarian actors endlessly collect, share and analyse testimonies from marginalised peoples in order to access funding and distribute aid. However, research participants’ wider stories and experiences are often silenced. They are seldom asked to take part in these processes and have little influence over how their words, voices and images are framed. Few researchers have actively engaged in how to empower participants from marginalised communities to act as consultants and experts that inform dialogues on knowledge production about their own communities.