Even in the 21st century, modern communication technology is still affected by natural disasters and political turmoil which threaten people's lives and make the Internet or mobile phone networks unavailable for use. This work is based on constructive research which resulted in a proof of concept system that uses shortwave radio technology to provide a one-way communication system. A message that a user writes on their smartphone, which is connected to a small preset transmitter, is sent out to a receiver in another part of the world where the message can then be posted on the Internet. This system is a cheaper alternative to other shortwave radio transmitters, and has potential for improvement.

Even in the 21st century, modern communication technology is still affected by natural disasters and political turmoil which threaten people’s lives and make the internet or mobile phone networks unavailable for use. This work uses systems theory which resulted in a proof of concept system that uses shortwave radio technology to provide a one-way communication system. A message a user writes on their smartphone, which is connected to a small pre-set transmitter, is sent out to a receiver in another part of the world where the message can then be posted on the internet. This system is a cheaper alternative to other shortwave radio transmitters, and has potential for improvement.

Heating costs for older multi-dwelling buildings are usually a heavy item of operating expenditure. As a property owner, reviewing the options for heating available on the market can lead to big savings. In this report we study the heating sources district heating and groundwater heat pump for a multi-dwelling building from a cost and environmental perspective. A groundwater heat pump is clearly preferable from an economic perspective. However, it is difficult to define the best option from an environmental and a society perspective. The groundwater heat pump reduces the individual building's emissions although it increases the need for new produced energy on a society perspective.

The aim of this project is to investigate the feasibility of retrieving unstructured automotive listings from structured web pages on the Internet. The research has two major purposes: (1) to investigate whether it is feasible to pair information extraction algorithms and compute wrappers (2) demonstrate the results of pairing these techniques and evaluate the measurements. We merge two training sets available on the web to construct reference sets which is the basis for the information extraction. The wrappers are computed by using information extraction techniques to identify data properties with a variety of techniques such as fuzzy string matching, regular expressions and document tree analysis. The results demonstrate that it is possible to pair these techniques successfully and retrieve the majority of the listings. Additionally, the findings also suggest that many platforms utilise lazy loading to populate image resources which the algorithm is unable to capture. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that it is possible to use information extraction to compute wrappers dynamically by identifying data properties. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the ability to open non-queryable domain data through a unified service.

Web applications are growing rapidly and as the amount of web sites globally increases so do security threats. Complex applications often interact with third party services and databases to fetch information and often interactions require user input. Intruders are targeting web applications specifically and they are a huge security threat to organizations and a way to combat this is to have intrusion detection systems. Most common web attack methods are well researched and documented however due to time constraints developers often write applications fast and may not implement the best security practices. This report describes one way to implement a intrusion detection system that specifically detects web based attacks.

The process of creating content for digital games by hand is a costly and time consuming one. As the game industry expands, the need to reduce costs becomes ever more pressing. One solution to this problem being research today is procedural generation of content. In short, this means that an algorithm does the labor rather than a designer. In this thesis we present such a method for automating the process of creating maps in digital games. Our method uses controllable software agents and mixed initiative (i.e. allowing the designer and algorithm to take turns) to create geometry. We use stochastic agents to create variation and deterministic agents to ensure playability. To control these agents we use a set of input parameters which can be manipulated. Furthermore, the designer has access to a number of tools including the ability to lock existing geometry, convert geometry to other types, add geometry manually, as well as the ability to use agents on specific areas of the map. We look at the game mode Battle in the digital game Mario Kart 64 and show how our method can be used to create such maps. We conducted a user study on the output of the method and the results show that the quality is generally favorable.

What is the role of a pre-study, and how important is it? This study will take a clos-er look on the role of a pre-study in an ERP-implementation project, and how to reach business value through a pre-study according to the Swedish industry. A pre-study has a large impact on a project, despite this we have found that the pre-study is not getting the attention it should. In many cases the pre-study phase is the rea-son that such IT-project may fail. This essay is designed to give a special understanding on what the key factors or critical factors for a well done pre-study are, and how you through a pre-study can reach your business value. Our method of gathering data has been through person-al interviews with seven different people on four different companies. The people we have interviewed involves IT-consultants, suppliers and customers, and that is be-cause we wanted to get a broader perspective. We succeeded to reach a conclusion that which shows that a pre-study is a process that requires a lot of work concern-ing many aspects rather than a few docuements.

The use of wireless networks increases among both companies and individuals. For individuals it can be nice to get rid of the cables that fixed networks use and for companies the wireless network can be a complement to the fixed one in environments where you cannot or do not want to use that technique. It is a convenient way to connect to a network without having to be physically connected to it. The convenience however comes at a price as it is easier to tap wireless networks since the communication passes through the ether and there is a lack of physical protection such as buildings and locks that exists for traditional networks. In view of this it is important to secure the network in a proper way. In this paper, I have studied wireless networks; how they work, which threats that exist and what one can do in order to protect them. This includes the 802.11 standard for wireless networks and the TCP/IP model for data communication. Encryption, both symmetric and asymmetric, how they work, what they are used for and the differences between them is described. Different security threats against wireless networks and security solutions in the forms of WEP, WPA and WPA2 are also reviewed. In conclusion quantum cryptography, which is a method for transmitting a cryptographic key in a secure way by the help of physics, is described.

Usability is a central and common concept in the process of developing a usable and easily understood website for world wide web’s users. Usability strives för efficiency and satisfaction, the website’s users should be able to perform their tasks with minimum effort and within a reasonable time limit. This bachelor thesis will review the need of usability and how experts and users interprete the concept. How can the different interpretations of usability affect the need of usability online on the world wide web, and how important is a navigation designed with usability in mind? This thesis will be based on a former study within the subject usability, an interview study that is questioning the guidelines of usability today. The understandings on usability will be determined through interviews with eight interviewees, four experts and four users. The examination aims to strength or lower the hypotes “Existing guidelines for usability needs an update and reformulation to fit the understandings from experts and users of world wide web today.” There is no earlier studies on the matter where users are asked to define usability, it is more common to ask users what they think of the usability on a specific product. The results of this study shows that the two audiences understandings completes each other but are interpreted differently. Audience 1, the experts, defines usability as something efficient and easily learnable, while audience 2, the end-users, defines the concept as something simple that is easily accessible and widely spread throughout the world wide web. The most interesting result of the study is the results that shows how the experts develop with norms and standards in mind instead of guidelines and the end-users wants products built on standards that they recognize.

Abstract Settlements in friction soil are one of today's controversial issues within geotechnics. Earthquakes, traffic, blasting and pile driving work generate vibrations to the existing buildings, causing settlements in friction soil and aesthetic, functional and structural damage. Nowadays the geotechnical engineers consider this as a complicated challenge because of external and unpredictable factors such as climate change. Climate changes affect the soil’s internal structure and its mechanical properties. Generally the friction soil is regarded as good soil, but can still have a risk behavior from a geotechnical perspective, especially in terms of cyclic or dynamic load impact. The study aims to clarify how friction soil behaves under the influence of vibrations in various kinds. The study shows the identification of risks and the intervention methodologies in the early stages of construction plans and constructed buildings simultaneously. A Swedish standard is also described in the study. This is based on blasting vibration in soil and is a method that estimates the permissible guideline values for vibration levels. Information from literature and documentary videos have been analyzed and used for the writing of the theoretical part. A model experiment has also been carried out at the end of the essay. The model experiment’s goal was to identify the impact of vibration in friction soil and settlement progress from a visual perspective. The result of this work has shown that the cyclic and dynamic load impact generates settlements in friction soil, which in turn causes various types of damage to existing buildings built on this soil. Keywords: settlement, buildings, vibrations, cyclic load impact, dynamic load impact, geotechnics, sand, friction soil, liquefaction.

Smart home is a topic that emerged in the 90s to improve the quality of human life. The evolutions of ambient intelligence, recent technology advancements, internet, and smart devices have had a large impact in smart home environment. In the traditional smart home environment, devices are connected physically in the environment and there are interoperability issues between the devices, because the environment is heterogeneous and the devices do not allow to communicate with the outside world such as the internet. In this master thesis we propose a conceptual design of a platform for better home entertainment experience. Smart phone, smart TV and a personal computer are the most important devices in this platform design. The platform provides a high degree of interaction and integration among devices within the environment. The proposed platform model helps software architects and engineers to have an early involvement in the design process. We proposed the platform to be implemented with the help of hybrid cloud computing model. Our suggested platform design is able to overcome the deficiencies of the previous models and approaches in this domain. We conducted direct interviews with seven computer science teachers at Malmö University for the evaluation of our platform design. The results show that the platform design can be physically implemented with the specified devices, the clouds are better than the traditional approaches and hybrid cloud model is more acceptable in terms of security and economy. We encourage software architects, developers and project supervisors to adopt this proposed platform model in physical smart home environment.

The case that is described is about a private farmer that has the rest product, straw, and uses it as fuel. He connected some of his neighbours to the system to finance his system and therefore created a close by heating plant. The intention with the straw pan was not in the first place to create a heating plant, but to be able to use his straw as fuel. The farmer connected external users because of the fact that the pan would not be profitable otherwise. For me, as an environmental student, to investigate which motives there are when a heating plant is about to be created by a private person is an interesting study. Because people act different in different situations and have different background knowledge, a study from the reality could give me information about what happens practically. The investigations are often not in theory as they are in practice. Therefore it was important for me to study a complete case. Through interviews with the farmer and with people living in the village, where the pan is, I got a lot of information about feelings, choices and mistakes. The study also presents alternative ways for the establishment of a similar common heating plant in other villages. This paper will be based on a qualitative interview method, an interview with the initiator to the building of the pan and the heating system. To get a broader picture about the emotions towards the straw pan, some of the locals were interviewed. The study is also based on continuous contacts with the authorities in the current community.

Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder that entails that an individual has a different way of perception, understanding and thinking than other people. The disorder gives a difficulty with social interaction and communication, difficulty to sort and process sensory input and gives a strong limited behavioural pattern. It’s common for individual on the autism spectrum to have specific demands for they need better visualization, clear instructions and punctual reminders. These specific demands can be met with technological devices. There is a large supply of cognitive aid, products, solutions and services that can help make everyday life easier for individuals with an impaired cognitive ability. This study examined how a high technological product – a tablet used in school environment by adolescence with autism. The participants evaluated their experiences around the use of the tablet. They also judged the tablets user-friendliness, design and effectivity as a support for personal growth.

The Internet of Things (IoT) involves intelligent, heterogeneous, autonomous and often distributed things which interact and collaborate to achieve common goals. A useful concept for supporting this effort is Emergent Configuration (EC), which consists of a dynamic set of things, with their functionalities and services, that cooperate temporarily to achieve a goal. In this paper we introduce a commitment-based approach that exploits the concept of commitments to realize ECs. More specifically, (i) we present a conceptual model for commitment-based ECs, (ii) we use the smart meeting room scenario to illustrate how ECs are realized via commitments.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has a great potential to change our lives. Billions of heterogeneous, distributed, intelligent, and sometimes mobile devices, will be connected and offer new types of applications and ways to interact. The dynamic environment of the IoT, the involvement of the human in the loop, and the runtime interactions among devices and applications, put additional requirements on the systems' architecture. In this paper, we use the Emergent Configurations (ECs) concept as a way to engineer IoT systems and propose an architecture for ECs. More specifically, we discuss (i) how connected devices and applications form ECs to achieve users' goals and (ii) how applications are run and adapted in response to runtime context changes including, e.g., the sudden unavailability of devices, by exploiting the Smart Meeting Room case.

Systems of Systems (SoS) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have many common characteristics. For example, their constituents are heterogeneous, often autonomous, and distributed. Moreover, both IoT systems and SoS achieve their intended goals by means of the dynamic collaboration and coordination among their constituents. In this paper, by using the notion of Emergent Configurations (ECs) as a means to engineer IoT systems, we show how ECs in the IoT can be regarded both as systems and SoS by exploiting two scenarios.

Systems of Systems(SoS) and theInternet of Things(IoT)have many common characteristics. For example, their constituents are heterogeneous, autonomous and often distributed. Moreover, both IoT and SoS achieve intended goals by means of the highly dynamic cooperation among their constituents. In this paper we study the relation between IoT and SoS. We discuss the characteristics of both concepts and highlight common aspects. Furthermore, we introduce the conceptSystem of Emergent Configurations (SoECs) to describe IoT-based SoS.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze in what way the gaming experience for the gamer is affected by the NPC´s behaviour. NPCs are characters in a game that the gamer himself cannot control. The main purpose with adding NPCs into a game is to create a more realistic world and for them to interact with the gamer. Gaming experience is concerning the emotions and thoughts that the gamer has while playing the game. In order to be able to answer the questions posed in this thesis, questionnaires and observations was conducted to study how the NPCs behaviour affected the players´ gaming experience negatively or positively. During these observations, six different games were tested to see how the players reacted to the NPC´s behaviours and actions. The questionnaire was used as a tool for the players to be able to express their feelings and thoughts about the computer-controlled characters. The result from both the observation and the questionnaire shows that the participating people´s thoughts about the behaviours of the NPCs vary greatly. These differences could be found both concerning one specific game but also between games. On the other hand, there were specific behaviours that the participating people agreed upon. For example, a majority of the people thought that if NPCs did not try to get to the gamer in a more strategic way or if they did not work as a unit, lead to a negative gaming experience for the gamer. The conclusion of this thesis is that creating a NPC who has behaviour traits which suit all types of gamers is a very difficult task. The main focus of a new game in development is to create the best gaming experience possible for the gamer. This thesis shows the importance that the effect of the NPC´s behaviour has on the gaming experience and therefore it is a subject that is important to study more closely.

Internet of things (IoT) is a fast-growing technology that is slowly but surely coming to play a major role in an individual's life. IoT has become popular in different areas such as smart homes and e-health. Trust is an essential component of every interaction we do on the net. As more and more devices get connected, it raises questions about privacy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the risks, opportunities and the integrity of the Internet of Things and to find out if consumers are aware of the risks. Do they trust IoT devices, and if so, what do they do to protect themselves from their personal data falling into the wrong hands? We have used questionnaires to form an idea of how consumers perceive this technology. The result indicates that few trusts IoT services, and that the participants do not have enough knowledge about security measures surrounding the IoT services. Many feels that the security of IoT devices are low. Despite consumer concern regarding the safety with IoT things, it seems, how-ever, that they believe that the benefits outweigh the potential risks.

Difficulties in technical procurement according to The Act of Public Procurement - a case study The case study deals with a reconsideration of procurement, the parties in this case is a local government real estate company, Björnekulla Fastighets AB in Åstorp and TAC, a supplier of integrated systems for building automation in Helsingborg. In this case study we have looked in to what the difficulties have been. According too what we found, the assessment of the offers has been defective, mistakes has been done in the procedure of work and a bad legal language has been used. Our belief is that this is the main reason for the causes of their difficulties. This is outmost depending on lack of competence when it comes to procure according too The Public Procurement Act in Sweden. By identifying the pitfalls in this case study we want to distinct the complexity of the problems that can exist with procure according to the Public Procurement Act. To minimize the risk for misunderstanding between the procuring unit and the tender we want to point out the need for reflection when drawing up the contract documents and evaluating the tenders.

Kunskapsutbyte och samverkan mellan lärosäten och andra aktörer i samhället är viktigt för att vi ska kunna möta morgondagens utmaningar. Man måste arbeta över sektorsgränser, inte bara inom forskning utan också inom utbildning. “Vägen till samverkanssäkrad utbildning: metoder och strategier” handlar om hur samverkan kan integreras i högre utbildning. Slutsatserna baseras på de erfarenheter som gjorts i projektet Samverkanssäkrade utbildningsprogram som letts av lärosätena i Linköping, Malmö och Umeå. Publikationens andra del, “Möjligheter och utmaningar”, berättar ett antal historier ur samverkansvardagen. // Att med andra samhällsaktörer samverka kring utformningen av utbildningsprogram och i undervisningen bidrar till kvalitetsutveckling och säkerställer att utbildningen är till nytta för samhället. Samverkan förbereder också studenterna för ett livslångt lärande och underlättar övergången mellan utbildning och arbetsliv. För att man långsiktigt ska kunna integrera samverkan i utbildningsprogram krävs insatser på flera nivåer. Till exempel måste lärosätesledningar ta tydlig ställning i samverkansfrågan i sina styrdokument, och samverkansaspekten måste vara en självklar del av lärosätets kvalitetssäkringssystem. Det krävs också att ledningen för fakulteter och institutioner utformar system för dokumentation, styrning och uppföljning av samverkan. Vidare bör samverkan ingå i de pedagogiska modeller som lärare använder för att leda studenternas kunskapsutveckling, och lärosätena bör också uppmärksamma och belöna framgångsrikt samverkansarbete. Slutligen bör politiker och departement utforma ett fördelningssystem där framgångsrika samverkansinsatser inom utbildningen leder till en förstärkning av resursbasen på lärosätena.

When the cities began to develop in the 1900s increased storm water flow. Sweden began to think about the future and they were trying to find the best solutions to make cities sustainable. Storm water management was one of the key elements of sustainable development and for that reason; people started thinking about the ability to manage storm water locally. Using open storm water system was one of the first elections in Malmö municipality to reduce flood risk and improve the city's image by increasing the aesthetic value. Poor maintenance of a water body can lead to various difficulties such as oxygen-poor water, eutrophication, clogged bottoms that allow algae to grow in the watercourse. The significance of this work is on algal growth / blooms in open storm water facilities, which are the most common causes of algae in open storm water facilities and the steps and solutions you can use to prevent or solve this problem. Based on interviews with various experts regarding the plans and documents that describe the two systems, in combination with literature studies, it helped us to reach the following result: Algae growth or algal blooms in the open storm water facilities can both be prevented and reduced by performing various actions such as including; Dam water should be sufficiently large, dust the length should be twice as long as the width (length-to-width ratios of 2:1), the dams will connect to a wetland to reduce nutrients in the water before it reaches the dams, reinforcing the presence of natural water in the ponds, increasing the residence time in the ponds (high water stress), dust the bottoms should be abundant with diverse flora, and increase the biological ecosystem. It is also important to hire contractor/ people with good knowledge and experience to know exactly how a management plan should be handled.

Considering that we are building in city centres, the construction site layout plan (CSLP) becomes a tool that construction projects cannot do without. It can either be created in 2D or 3D. Now that the construction industry is slowly beginning to realize the advantages of having a site layout plan in 3D, one is able to create well-devised plans that include needed information, which is also beneficial from a production engineering approach. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the construction design and the construction site layout plan and how the dialogue between the actors involved in the design and site layout planning can be improved. These questions have been answered by analysis of interviews with some persons who have been a part of the construction design and planning of the site in a project called STUDIO Malmö. The retrieval of information has been through interviews, review of Skanska's internal documents for Project STUDIO Malmö and by collecting useful information from literature. The study shows that a link between the construction design and the construction site layout plan exists, but that it is not clear in the current situation. The study also shows that there are suggestions on how to improve the communication that actually could work in the current situation.

Sustainable development has become a major concern all over the world. Household waste management is one of the solutions to attain a sustainable development and community. It is today of great importance to have the proper knowledge, information and coordination be-tween different sectors and organizations in order to attain a sustainable development. This case study aims to investigate an area in Augustenborg, Malmö in order to analyze their existing waste management system. It is even our intention to identify the development pos-sibilities and obstacles of waste management in the area. Through survey and personal inter-views, we were able to gather information on different factors and variables that affect waste management system in Augustenborg. The results suggest that there are various factors that affect waste management, and these are not just formal factors, such as rules and regulations but also other factors, such as human behaviour.

Visual GUI testing (VGT) is an emerging technique that provides software companies with the capability to automate previously time-consuming, tedious, and fault prone manual system and acceptance tests. Previous work on VGT has shown that the technique is industrially applicable, but has not addressed the real-world applicability of the technique when used by practitioners on industrial grade systems. This paper presents a case study performed during an industrial project with the goal to transition from manual to automated system testing using VGT. Results of the study show that the VGT transition was successful and that VGT could be applied in the industrial context when performed by practitioners but that there were several problems that first had to be solved, e.g. testing of a distributed system, tool volatility. These problems and solutions have been presented together with qualitative, and quantitative, data about the benefits of the technique compared to manual testing, e.g. greatly improved execution speed, feasible transition and maintenance costs, improved bug finding ability. The study thereby provides valuable, and previously missing, contributions about VGT to both practitioners and researchers.

System- and acceptance-testing are primarily performed with manual practices in current software industry. However, these practices have several issues, e.g. they are tedious, error prone and time consuming with costs up towards 40 percent of the total development cost. Automated test techniques have been proposed as a solution to mitigate these issues, but they generally approach testing from a lower level of system abstraction, leaving a gap for a flexible, high system-level test automation technique/tool. In this paper we present JAutomate, a Visual GUI Testing (VGT) tool that fills this gap by combining image recognition with record and replay functionality for high system-level test automation performed through the system under test's graphical user interface. We present the tool, its benefits compared to other similar techniques and manual testing. In addition, we compare JAutomate with two other VGT tools based on their static properties. Finally, we present the results from a survey with industrial practitioners that identifies test-related problems that industry is currently facing and discuss how JAutomate can solve or mitigate these problems.

Sending email is a very common activity among Swedish consumers nowadays. Email advertising has become a big part of the email usage - both permission-based and unwanted. The purpose of this study was to identify Swedish consumers’ total attitude towards permission- based email advertising, based on the three components cognition, affection and behavior. After identifying the attitude, correlation between the components was examined. The result was used to try Prensky’s generation theory regarding digital natives and digital immigrants, to investigate if it can be useful in the subject email advertising. A quantitative method was used, by publishing a survey on Facebook, which got totally 187 useful responses. The result showed an overall negative attitude and a high correlation between cognition and affection. A medium high correlation between cognition and behavior, and affection and behavior was found. The results partly showed a difference between digital natives and digital immigrants attitude towards email advertising. In the survey a division of four age groups, instead of two, was made. Results from the four groups showed a mix of positive and negative responses, which indicates that Prensky’s generation theory is too general, and cannot be used within email advertising.

I dagens snabbt utvecklande samhälle krävs det av att organisationer arbetar aktivt med att vara och förbli konkurrenskraftiga. Att använda sig av strategiskt ledarskap kan ses som ett hjälpande verktyg för att hantera den dynamiska omgivningen. Mediebranschen är en av de branscher som ständigt präglas av innovation och förändring. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur ledningen arbetar strategiskt för att kunna föregripa den dynamiska och oförutsägbara omvärlden. Kvalitativ metod har tillämpats och empiri har samlats in genom tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju chefer på små medieföretag i Malmöregionen. Studien grundar sig i ett flertal teorier som behandlar strategi och strategiskt ledarskap sett ur ett chefsperspektiv. Cheferna beskriver hur de förhåller sig till den yttre omgivningen respektive den inre organisationen vid utformandet av strategier och hur de ser på strategiskt ledarskap i branschen. Företag som strävar efter att utvecklas bör med fördel skapa sig en balans mellan stabilitet inåt i organisationen och en flexibilitet utåt där de vågar anpassa sig efter marknadens förutsättningar och krav.

The study addresses the similarities and differences between the television and radio broadcasters within the public service and commercial channels of the recruitment process for a leader to the production. This means that Sveriges Television (public service) is compared against the MTG (commercial channel) and Sveriges Radio (public service) against Radio Active (commercial channel). The goal is to find out what similarities and differences too highlight these for those who are job-seekers to a leading role in the production, those studying for the role as well as companies active in the television and radio industry. With the help of four semi-structured interviews and a content analysis of each company's policy for recruitment, diversity and social media have empirical data obtained, which shows how the recruitment process for this service is carried out and what their guidelines to follow. Through literature of the subject, theory developed which strengthen or disapproved what empirical presents and by this similarities and differences can be discussed. Based on the discussion, the study arrived at a closed showing that there are many similarities between all companies, both public service and commercial channels, but it also reveals some differences. This involves, among other things, that they all want a candidate with experience, primarily with leadership or that they create a specification to have a solid basis for the selection process. The differences shown among others in the use of social media as SR and SVT are looking for Jobseekers speak for independence issue while Radio Active and MTG wants to know if they represent the company's values and whether they are suitable as a public figure.

Durable constructions is a key concept in the modern building sector. At the same time constructions needs to meet the demands of modern building techniques. This means that the building sector needs to develop new technical solutions. Composite constructions is a technical solution that simplifies project planning, production and facility management. The problem with striving for new technical solutions like composite constructions is that the methods are not as proven as traditional technical solutions. This could bring unexpected consequences to the different materials in the construction. This report aims to investigate a composite construction in the form of a bicycle and pedestrian bridge. The materials used in the composite construction is concrete and wood that gives the bridge a lower self-weight compared to concrete bridges, but requires less maintenance of the roadway than a wooden bridge. The reason for the investigation is the lack of experience in Sweden of this construction type. The report focuses on moist transport and moisture in wood with regard of technical life length. To investigate possible hazards, a field investigation and a computer simulation was made of a reference construction situated in Gothenburg. The field investigation consisted of a resistance measurement of wooden details in the composite construction. The simulation was made with the aid of the program WUFI Pro 6.0. The report indicated that the technical solution with concrete and wood is a doable construction type, but caution must be regarded in the design of the bridge. The moisture transport could not be determined due to different results in the simulation and field measurement. The report concluded that the technical life length is not going to be compromised due to the moisture content in wooden details.

This is an essay written at the faculty of Technology and Society at Malmö University. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how different product placements is displayed in films made for children. The work should also contribute to an increased understanding of how children respond to product placement by highlighting children's stories and views about the phenomenon. The purpose is also to compare and analyze the result with existing theory of the impact of product placement and cognitive development. Fifteen children have participated in the work through a collaboration with a school. The children participated in group interviews consisted of three children in each group. The basis of each interview was built around material containing product placements which was extracted from existing children movies. The result shows how the children responded to the different product placements during the group interviews. From the children’s different reactions, it is possible to draw parallels to their cognitive development. There is a noticeable difference between the younger and the older children is when it comes to a deeper reasoning and understanding of the real motifs behind product placement.

The Internet phenomenon ”Distributed Denial of Service”, in short DDoS, is often said to be one of the greatest threats to the Internet today. By abusing the foundation of inter-network and computer communication, criminals can block and shut out websites and services from users while making it very hard for the victim and the authorities to ever identify who was behind it. Enormous global networks made up of unknowing peoples' infected computers can be remotely controlled to conduct attacks against all sorts of organisations on the Internet with different motives, from financial or politic to sheer vandalism. The purpose of this study is to create an up-to-date mapping of the situation of DdoS-attacks and look at statistics of the most prevalent attack types, and to check if newly published research can answer the current and emerging trends that can be seen. Six research articles are chosen to compare with these trends to see where more research is required. The results show that the research around defense against HTTP-GET-attacks is lacking, and that the emergent trend of DDoS-attacks that make use of more than one attack type at the same time has not been examined. More open research should be directed to these lacking areas.

Large quantities of data are generated daily by the end users of various services. This data is often provided by different providers, which creates a fragmented market where the end users have to utilize multiple applications in order to access all of their data. This can be counteracted by the development of aggregation services that gather data from multiple services to a combined endpoint. The development of these kinds of services does however run the risk of becoming costly and time-consuming since new code is written for several projects even though large portions of the functionality is similar. To avoid this, established technologies and frameworks can be utilized, thereby reusing the more general components. Which of the technologies are the best suited, and thereby can be considered the most effective from a development perspective, can however be difficult to determine. This essay is therefore based on what can be considered an academic consensus through analysis of literature regarding earlier reasearch on the subject. Before the writing of the essay began a Java-based data aggregation service was developed, based on requirements from the company ÅF in Malmö. The purpose of this experimental implementation is to gather data from two separate services, and make them accessible on a unified endpoint. After the implementation was finished, work on the essay began. This consists of a literature review to investigate what technologies and frameworks that has been found best suited for this area of application by academic research. The results from this study are also used to analyze the extent of the correlation between the results and the requirements presented by ÅF regarding the experimental implementation. The literature review shows that the choices made by the company largely correlates with the technologies that the academic research has found best suited for this area of application. This includes OAuth 2.0 for authentication, JSON as a serialization format and REST for communications architecture. The literature review also indicates a possible gap within the available academic literature since searches regarding specific pieces of software related to the subject only results in a small amount of articles.

In this thesis we further develop an existing prototype. The prototype is an interactive art project where two plates with water nozzles in the middle are placed at each end of an arc. These two plates can be controlled directly with a joystick. The plates are following the motion of the joystick using servo motors. Our main goal is to allow spectators of the art project to remotely control the plates and the water flow by using their own mobile phone. Our goal has been achieved by creating an Android application that the user can download and install directly on their mobile phone. The application automatically sends information about the angular position of the phone to a server. Then the server forwards this information to a Wifi-module connected to an Arduino board which is moving the servo motors, attached to the plates, in the correct position. This thesis describes the technique used within the project and also illustrates how the design and functionality of the prototype has been changed to make a more striking impression on the audience.

This report describes a project that aimed to create game concepts and games based on a set of data about research publications. This was done using linked open data, procedural content generation of game content, and iterative game development, with the aim of creating useful games and game concepts.

The three Mn i lines at 17325, 17339, and 17349Å are among the 25 strongest lines (log(gf ) > 0.5) in the H band. They are all heavily broadened due to hyperfine structure, and the profiles of these lines have so far not been understood. Earlier studies of these lines even suggested that they were blended. In this work, the profiles of these three infrared (IR) lines have been studied theoretically and compared to experimental spectra to assist in the complete understanding of the solar spectrum in the IR. It is shown that the structure of these lines cannot be described in the conventional way using the diagonal A and B hyperfine interaction constants. The off-diagonal hyperfine interaction not only has a large impact on the energies of the hyperfine levels, but also introduces a large intensity redistribution among the hyperfine lines, changing the line profiles dramatically. By performing large-scale calculations of the diagonal and off-diagonal hyperfine interaction and the gf -values between the upper and lower hyperfine levels and using a semi-empirical fitting procedure, we achieved agreement between our synthetic and experimental spectra. Furthermore, we compare our results with observations of stellar spectra. The spectra of the Sun and the K1.5 III red giant star Arcturus were modeled in the relevant region, 1.73–1.74 μm, using our theoretically predicted gf -values and energies for each individual hyperfine line. Satisfactory fits were obtained and clear improvements were found using our new data compared with the old available Mn i data. A complete list of energies and gf -values for all the 3d54s(7S)4d e6D – 3d54s(7S)4f w6F hyperfine lines are available as supporting material, whereas only the stronger lines are presented and discussed in detail in this paper.

This paper studies the resons behind development of E-services in local governments. It is a qualitative case study of a collaboration called Sambruksplattformen.

Situation analysis of the Electronic Communication at the department of Media Technology and product development. During the fall semester of 2015 the department of Media Technology was moved in to new facilities at the newly built university complex Niagara. Due to the move and settlement in new closed offices, as opposed to the former open landscapes, the students would no longer have access to the faculty offices, therefore the spontaneous communication was lost. The result of this closed office landscape, the students now had to visit their teachers at scheduled hours, ordinarily pre-booked through e-mails or other sorts of electronic communication. Because of the new situation, the author of this report assumed that electronic communication might be a more important way communicate between students and teachers, as well as between students. The purpose of this study is to identify how and where the electronic communication is performed, at the department of Media Technology. After both qualitative and quantitative research had been done, the study showed that the teachers mainly communicate with their students through e-mail correspondence and the students mainly use Facebook groups to contact and maintain contact with each other.

Today, digitalization is the single most significant change factor for the construction sector as well as for society in general, which will bring new opportunities for intelligent and sustainable cities, efficient management of available resources and a general reduction of carbon emissions. Digitalization will enable continuous and integrated information exchange between all actors of the construction process. The development of an integrated digital information infrastructure for the construction sector will reach beyond the traditional project process and e.g. include the urban planning processes, where geographical information systems (GIS) are currently used, and the manufacturing processes of industrialized construction where e.g. product data management (PDM) systems constitute the product information platform. This study provides a survey of the interface between industrialized and project based construction from an information and business relation perspective. The purpose and main objectives of the study are to review and map the current information exchange between industrialized and project based construction in order to identify existing and potential areas of digitalization and standardization for improved information flow. The survey finds that industrial suppliers still frequently use company specific product standards, that PDF-, Word- or Excel-files constitute the normally used file format and that recurrent restructuring and re-entering of information from one system to another characterize the information exchange. Further, contractors approach industrialized construction in three distinctive ways, and express a generally growing interest for industrialized construction, which include closer and more long-term business relations with industrial suppliers. Despite the identified problems of information exchange and lack of common standards, the survey concludes that improved business relations provides the most urgent area of development in order to better integrate the industrialized and project based construction.

Application equals motivation? This essay considers the subject of reading motivation in a media technological context. The aim is to provide insight into whether the mobile application Läs upp can, or cannot, be used to motivate children in grades two to five to read. For this purpose, a longitudinal study was performed in which six children used the application for three weeks. Empirical data was gathered through qualitative interviews with the children, and their respective parent, on two occasions; after one and three weeks of use. To explore the children's initial approach towards reading, an initial baseline survey was conducted. The result shows, in summary; that different aspects of motivation are different in strength in different individuals. Therefore, Läs upp has different effects on (and mixed opportunity to effect) the individual child. The application's approach implies external aspects, it can however also promote intrinsic reading motivation. The application may potentially strengthen or undermine the child's self-perceived ability, which may affect their reading motivation. The narrow title selection limits children's possibility to choose reading materials, which can have a negative effect on their perceived autonomy and reading motivation.

E-learning is an education methodology that is increasing its use in educational contexts. This due to computer and interactive learning tools successively is integrated in the educational environment as teaching tool as well as complement to the traditional education methods. This study aims to investigate how the interactive learning tools can meet the educator’s demands. This study also focuses on how to increase the interactive learning tool´s usability from a producer and educator perspective. The study is founded on observations and interviews, which is based on a qualitative research method. Through above mentioned research method it could be stated that interactive functions in a educational tool is what the interviewed educators finds most relevant. It is worth mentioning that the problems with the demands from educator’s contra producer’s are difference in a way that leaves some of the educator’s demands unsatisfied. It was clear from the study that the educators primary requirements of usability should be based on individuality and flexibility rather than what the producers think; technological development and a wide range of functions.

The aim of this survey is to study how visions of traffic and sustainability are framed in the municipal plans of Malmö, and how officials that work with city-planning reflect on the relation between the need of reducing car-traffic and the tendency toward a growing city. Further examines the relationship, between the city-vision and the reducing of car-traffic in the city, to point out the obstacles in the process of planning. The study is based on qualitative interviews made with officials and consultants working with city- and trafficplanning in Malmö. The result of this study shows that the car still has an important value and that the officials who work with city-planning give high priority to growth which automatically means increased car-traffic. Another problem is that the participants in the process have different interests and lack a common ground in the sense of a common discourse, leaving the environment itself with a lack of a spokesperson.

To share personal information in a digital context can provide benefits, but also involve risks. Although behavioral data are collected on many of the Swedish websites today, the SOM survey 2015 shows that 60 percent of the Swedish population are resilient to share personal data with companies. Only a small percentage of population fully accepts that the collection takes place. The majority of the population say that they are trying to limit their personal information on the Internet, still only 15 percent carefully read user policies. Perhaps the respondents negative attitudes toward sharing data are lack of awareness regarding when data are collected and what benefits they provide. The question is whether increased awareness will result in a more accepting attitude or if it leads to the opposite? Independent of which direction the development takes, companies will need to be more transparent with how and when behavior data is collected.

The media industry's revenue models depend on audience data. Traditionally, this type of data have consisted of measurements from audience panels, audience range, and sales figures. But today these models are also being built around rich behavioral data collected in real-time in digital channels. One challenge for such models is the individual's willingness to share personal data. This chapter discusses the implications for the media industry in light of research on privacy in the collection, processing, interoperability of databases and dissemination of information extracted from behavioral data.

“Look, we are many” - A case study about public opinion formatting as a motive for crowdfunding campaigns. Crowdfunding is a method of financing to fund various projects through small financial contributions from a large number of different people. This phenomenon has grown large in recent years, largely because of the possibilities opened up by the media technology platforms and social media. This study intends to examine whether there are projects that use crowdfunding without having a financial motive and urge. The results are based on two different media projects with political intentions and the data is developed through two qualitative semi-structured interviews. Study results show that there is projects run by forces other than financial. The two projects in this study set an example for political projects that have an public opinion forming motive. Both projects are working to bring the their subject of interest forward and act as debate tool for people who sympathize with their point of view. They are both convinced that communication between parts is very essential for survival. In the end a model had been created that shows the structure and different motives that the different parts of the crowdfunding campaign can have. Through transparency and continuous communication between founders and backers, that enable through digital sites, crowdfunding campaigns can change structures in society. Keywords Crowdfunding, motive, public opinion forming, media production, The Wolves, Bikes vs Cars

A large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) is considered in the strain-controlled regime, and the interrelation between the Fourier transform and the stress decomposition approaches is established. Several definitions of the generalized storage and loss moduli are examined in a unified conceptual scheme based on the Lissajous–Bowditch plots. An illustrative example of evaluating the generalized moduli from a LAOS flow is given.

This work is a part of a larger project of four separate reports with reference to Sorgenfi industry area. The four parts are as follows: -Users: Local residents -Users: Small companies -Realty Management companies -Continental Rail Line This work emphasizes the residents' everyday knowledge from a logical perspective. The residents main concerns, if they are allowed to participate in the planning of a new residential area, are: -That there are green areas and natural meeting areas. -That the residential area is safe, from both social and physical aspects. -That there is a diversity of different services nearby. -That the residential area is adjusted in the way that no categorising arises. -That the residential area has a flow of people so it becomes a dynamic area. The importance lies within the residents. Participating methods has been used to learn about the residents' Community Awareness. The residents' statements are based on their own experience of life if they transfer their present life situation to a new possible residential area.

Software testing is an important activity within the software development area, where regression testing is essential. Regression testing implies re-running test cases in order to ensure that changes made to the software do not introduce new errors and to guarantee that the system’s functionalities have not been affected by those changes. To execute regression testing in manual mode involves valuable resources, specifically time and money. Therefore it is recommended to carry out this activity in an automated manner. A problem that faces the execution of automated regression testing is that testers are becoming specialized in specific test environments due to the existing diversity of tools used. Therefore testers would not be able improve test processes related to different environments. Thus, this paper focuses on identifying the current working manner within the domain of execution of automated regression testing and to improve it. Then, it has been necessary to conduct personal interviews (7) and a literature study in order to answer the study’s questions. This work provides a general framework for testers to work more effectively with execution of automated regression testing regardless of the test environment. The framework includes 7 stages: (1) Select test cases, (2) Execute/Run tests, (3) Monitoring/Analyzing results, (4) Write a report of the test results, (5) Archive the reports of the test results, (6) Estimate and assign the raised problems, and (7) Manage the test cycle.

The public sewer system previously wasn´t affected by normal rain and it´s pipeline capacity was never really overloaded. Last year’s intense and long duration rain has seriously tested the pipelines revealing it´s incapacity handling the amount of water resulting of heavy intensive rain, resulting in basement flooding not experienced before. While accumulated knowledge, improvements and maintenance accessible has prevented most flooding, the governing body insists on the individual property owner’s responsibility fixing errors and shortcomings of their system to avoid and reduce the risk of basement flooding during local intense precipitations. For this reason, this thesis main focus will be on presenting the various existing technical solutions for individual properties. The technical solutions will be ones applicable to properties with a separated sewer system only. I have also taken in consideration that the properties in question are connected to a combined sewer system or a duplicate sewer system. The empirical study is based on a case study where the author visits a property affected by flooding. The purpose of the case study was connecting the theory gained through the literature and to nuance, deepen and develop theories explaining why the properties where hit by flooding and if possible clarify which technical improvements could be implemented hindering it from happening again. The flooding was caused by back pressure in the wastewater part of the duplicate system. This was in turn caused by two incorrectly connected hard surfaces (Courtyard and cellar stairs). This, together with the overload of rainwater on the public sewer network from the higher lying storm drain system to the lower lying wastewater system lead to flooding. Solution: Installing a Backwater valve on the wastewater system, disconnecting the well in the courtyard pumping up the surface water to maximum and letting it fall from there into a stormwater drain.