Denna rapport från en forskningscirkel med deltagare från kulturhuset Drömmarnas Hus och Malmö högskola handlar om en sammansmältning av kulturpedagogik, äventyrspedagogik och undervisning för hållbar utveckling. Den beskriver arbetet med hur elever fick uppleva äventyret "Naturkrafternas dal", vilket syftade till att eleverna skulle uppleva känsla av sammanhang, handlingskraft, glädje, självstärkande grupprocesser och positiva upplevelser av och i skogen.

The aim of this study is to examine and to describe how student teachers engaged in courses in web-based learning environments over a period of 40 weeks develop a collective competence to collaborate. The collective competence of collaboration is defined as the level of learning ability a group of students express when using dialogues as a tool for their own and other’s learning in a web-based learning environment. The students’ contributions to the course assignments, the group responses and the collaborative discussions and dialogues were analysed and interpreted based on Bakhtin’s and Rommetveit’s theories on dialogic interactions and meaning potentials. The results describe three different levels at which students use dialogues as a tool for learning when they collaborate within the group.

ETHNOMATHEMATICS: A WAY TO ACHIEVE GOALS IN MATHEMATIC EDUCATION? Annica Andersson School of Teachers Education, Malmö University. In the Swedish curriculum for the upper secondary social science programs mathematical education is a paragraph stating “the students shall deepen their insight into how mathematics has been influenced by people from many different cultures, and how mathematics has developed and still continues to develop” (Skolverket, 2000). How do we achieve this goal in mathematics education? I asked myself if ethnomathematics, defined by D’Ambrosio (1985) as the mathematics you find in different identified culture groups e.g. aboriginal peoples mathematics, and Bishops (1991) and Bartons (1996) definitions of the ethnomathematic phenomena could be a way to achieve the described goal. The study reported (Andersson,in p.) is placed in the field of action research. The 16 participating students were in year two in an international social science program. The teaching sequence reported contains of two parts. The first part was an introduction to ethnomathematics and discussions about indigenous people and global issues. The second part took place at the exhibition “Dreamtime, Aboriginal Art from the Ebes Collection”. The students got the opportunity to analyse the Australian aboriginals’ maps as art. It was my intension to show the students examples of ethnomathematics and thereby other expressions of mathematics than they were used to. The students reflected over the question: What kind of mathematics do you think lay behind the different works of art? The students counted for geometry, functions and arithmetical progressions. Some students chose to discus what mathematics and mathematical post constructions in art is. None of the students accounted for answers similar to the problems in their textbooks (e.g. How much did it cost to make the picture?)After the teaching sequence I came to the conclusion that ethnomathematics can be a way to achieve the above described goal and maybe also a way to bring global issues into the mathematical classroom. My personal experience of the teaching sequence was students more interested in mathematics education and more engaged in the classroom than usual. It would be a challenge in the future to investigate if and how students’ motivation and results in mathematics education can be affected by using ethnomathematics as a discourse. REFERENCES Andersson, Annica (in press). A Cultural Visit in Mathematics Education. In proceedings from MACAS 2 – The Second International Symposium of Mathematics and its Connections to the Arts and Sciences. Odense, Denmark Barton, Bill (1996). Anthropological Perspectives on Mathematics and Mathematics Education. In A.J. Bishop, International Handbook of Mathematics Education (pp.1035-1054). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Bishop, Alan J (1991). Mathematical Enculturation. A cultural perspective on Mathematics education. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. D’Ambrosio, Ubiritan (1985). Socio-cultural bases for Mathematics Education. Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil.

Compulsory mathematics for social science students is problematic. We discuss the case of a group of students in Sweden who met a mathematics course inspired on the ideas of critical mathematics education and ethnomathematics. The evidence collected about students’ experiences on this course indicate that opening a space for agency and linking mathematics to their foregrounds can be the basis for a more meaningful mathematical experience. Such as experience has the potential of contributing to the process of students’ subjectification.

Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka elevers upplevelser av en biologilektion i en autentisk miljö utomhus. Frågeställningarna är följande:Hur upplever en elevgrupp att ha en lektion med fokus på biologi i autentisk miljö utomhus. Hur gynnas en elevgrupp i sin kunskapsprocess av en lektion i utomhusmiljö om maskrosenslivscykel. I litteraturen och forskningsresultat finns inte mycket material som utgår ifrån elevperspektivet. Detta gjorde att jag valde att undersöka elevernas perspektiv på utomhuspedagogik med inriktning på biologi. För att kunna svara på frågeställningarna genomfördes semistruktureradeintervjuer med 8 elever i direkt anslutning till en lektion. Metoderna i examensarbetet är deltagande observation utifrån en lektion i ämnet biologi med utomhuspedagogik. Efter lektionen utfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med 8 elever som deltog i lektionen. Genomförandet av biologilektionen hölls utomhus på skolgården där det växer mycket maskrosor. Rapporten är relevant eftersom undersökningarna bygger på elevernas upplevelser av en lektion baserad på utomhuspedagogik. Resultatet visar att eleverna uppskattade att lektionen utfördes utomhus och att de hade fått med sig mycket från lektionen om maskrosens livscykel. Eleverna visade en stor nyfikenhet i naturen och de uppskattade även att få röra sig mer än vad de brukar göra under en inomhuslektion. I intervjuerna berättade en av eleverna även att det var bra att kunna söka upp de saker i naturen som lektionen handlar om, när lektionen är stationerad utomhus. Det tolkade resultatet visade tydligt att eleverna var aktiverade av att vi befann oss i den naturliga miljön för maskrosorna och att de stimulerades av att vi vistades utomhus. Diskussionen handlar om att en viss frihet infinner sig av att lektionen utförs utomhus. Eleverna fick själva avgöra om de skulle springa och hämta sin maskros eller gå i lugn takt, hade detta varit i inomhusmiljö hade de ej fått den friheten där det är regler som avgör att de inte får springa till exempel. Vad som även framgår är att eleverna blev delaktiga och upplevelserna de gjorde i utomhusmiljön väckte deras nyfikenhet att vilja lära sig mer om maskrosen.

We report relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock calculations of transitions between the hyperfine levels of 4s4f 3F2,3 and 4s4d 3D2 in Ga II. The capacity of two newly developed programs connected to the graspVU package for generating synthetic spectra is explored. The obtained theoretical spectra are compared to Fourier transform spectra and good agreement is found. The importance of hyperfine induced interference effects for the 4s4d 3D2–4s4f 3F2 transitions is pointed out, and the gf values for all the hyperfine transitions are given.

The human body gets its energy input from food and gives an energy output in the form of mechanical work and heat. In the process, carbon dioxide and water vapour are released. In an experiment this process can be analysed in several ways. A person is placed in a thermally insulated box of a little more than 1 m3. The temperature, the relative humidity, the carbon dioxide concentration and the oxygen concentration are measured continuously by a data logger for 5 minutes. From the measurements you can analyse and calculate the thermal power of the body in several ways, taking into account the sensitive heat, the latent heat and the chemical energy released. The experiment can also be used as the basis for discussions on indoor air quality in e.g. a classroom and the global greenhouse effect.

Climate and energy issues are part of our everyday life. Children's understanding of energy concepts and energy transformations is often insufficient. In Malmö, Sweden, a small science center, Klimat-X, tries to capture the students' fascination and interest and give them the opportunity of building their knowledge of scientific concepts concerned with energy and climate. Examples of experiments are described and the educational problems they are designed to address will be discussed. A pilot study on the influence of the experiments on students' understanding has been carried out. The students get a deeper understanding of energy chains, they see possibilities and not only problems in energy economizing and they find the experiments funny, interesting and instructive. It seems that Klimat-X could be a starting point for reflecting upon scientific issues that have an impact on decisions made in everyday life.

The purpose of this paper is to open up a discussion about the roles and responsibilities of universities in society. Design/methodology/approach – The vision of the Regional Centre of Expertise (RCE) Skane a leading example on how to develop new knowledge about education for sustainable development (ESD) at all levels. The paper poses the question "Why do universities involve in this process?". Lund University as the old, traditional university and the ten-year old university of Malmö on the other hand was formed on the bases of a vision about a university for all people. Findings – The paper finds that two universities have been active in creating RCE Skane, together with three political organizations. The vision has developed to include issues like capacity for cross-boundary action, knowledge-sharing and civic education, all important parts in learning for a sustainable future. Practical implications – The paper discusses the processes at these universities that led up to working together in RCE Skåne and the importance of having the Act on Higher Education in 2006 about responsibility for education for sustainability at all universities. Originality/value – In forming RCEs all over the world it is important to learn from each other and universities play an important role in these actions.

Syftet med arbetet är att se inom vilka områden/moment i matematikundervisningen för skolår 1 och 2 som det är möjligt att arbeta med kroppen som ett laborativt redskap och vad vinner vi med att arbeta med hela kroppen. Arbetet ger exempel på tidigare forskning inom området inlärning genom fysisk aktivitet och visar på samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och skolprestationer i matematik och svenska. Med hjälp av intervjuer av de delaktiga grundskollärarna i projektet fann jag fem-ton moment/områden i matematikundervisningen, där det är möjligt att arbeta med hela kroppen som ett laborativt redskap. Vinsterna med detta arbetssätt är enligt de intervjuade lärarna, att eleverna upplever matematiken som rolig och övningarna som lustfyllda, eleverna får flera annorlunda övningstillfällen, läsför-ståelse och ordkunskap övas, elever som har svårt att sitta koncentrerade en längre tid får möjlighet till pedagogiska avbrott med matematik integrerat med rörelse. Nyckelord: Fysisk aktivitet, individanpassat, konkret matematik, laborativt red-skap, positiva skolprestationer, ämnesövergripande.

The multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) model has been employed to calculate the magnetic dipole hyperfine constant A of the 5d106s 2S1/2 ground state of atomic gold. Electron correlation effects contribute more than 20% to the total value of A. We investigated the effects of single, double, and a subset of triple substitutions. The calculations reveal strong cancellations between one-, two- and three-particle correlation effects. It is demonstrated that in the case of the ground state of atomic gold the three-particle effects are comparable in size to the one- and two-particle ones.

The multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock theory has been employed to calculate the electric dipole moment of the 7s6d 3D2 state of radium induced by the nuclear Schiff moment. The results are dominated by valence and core-valence electron correlation effects. We show that the correlation effects can be evaluated in a converged series of multiconfiguration expansions.

Marianne Bomgren, Helen Hasslöf och Maria Jiborn har i Klassens alla uterum redovisat ett projekt med syfte att inspirera lärare och elever till att använda sig av utomhusmiljöer i undervisningen. I uppsatsen får vi följa arbetet på Hörjelgården och i Trelleborg. Ett resultat av projektet är att lärare fått upp ögonen för värdet av att använda sig av utemiljön, och att denna ger möjligheter till ämnes- övergripande arbetssätt.

Explanations for a decline in the number of students studying chemistry at advanced level all over the world have been sought for quite some time. Many students do not find chemistry relevant and meaningful and there have been difficulties in developing school chemistry courses that engage students sufficiently and tempt them to further studies in the field. In this study, Swedish upper secondary school students (Ns=372) and their teachers (Nt=18) answered a questionnaire on their experiences of the content and the working methods of their chemistry course. They were also given the opportunity to express ideas on how to make chemistry courses more interesting and meaningful. The results point out some subject areas as both easy and interesting, e.g. atomic structure; while other areas are hard to understand but still interesting, e.g. biochemistry. The students find chemistry lessons teacher-centred, something they appreciate. When teachers and students gave suggestions on how to improve the relevance of chemistry education at upper secondary level, more laboratory work and connections to everyday life were the most common proposals. But on the whole, these students seem quite satisfied with their chemistry courses.

This study identifies and categorizes the discursive repertoires used by 9-10 year old children in Sweden and England during discussions about the socio-scientific issue of global warming. School science is a community of practice where student identities and discourses can be expressed and developed, and the research focuses on how the use of repertoires is related to the identities the students express in their discussions. It explores what repertoires become important in the discussions, which identities the students express, and what differences there are between children’s discussions in Sweden and England. The children discussed four possible options that a government might consider to help reduce global warming. Findings indicate that children in both countries use a range of similar repertoires when discussing global warming. When these repertoires are in conflict with each other, students have to ‘renegotiate’ their own identities. Socio-economic status appears to have an effect on the intensity and depth of argument in the Swedish schools, whereas in the English schools the level and quality of argument seemed to be more closely connected to children’s familiarity with a discursive classroom environment. Young children seem capable of applying a variety of arguments that are logical to them according to the repertoire(s) they employ, but we must encourage changes to pedagogical practice that enable all children to engage in such socio-scientific discussions.

Denna rapport har utarbetats på uppdrag av Malmö stadskontor. Forskningsöversikten gör inte anspråk på att vara heltäckande. Uppdraget har varit att söka forskningsstöd för olika former av huvudmannaskap för socialarbetare med placering i skolan. Ytterligare fokus har varit att närmare undersöka forskningsstöd för Socialt nätverksarbete i skolan, Elevcoach i skolan och Familjeklass. I uppdraget ingick även att översiktligt söka forskningsstöd för vad som beskrivs som goda metoder, internationellt och nationellt, för socialt arbete i skolan. Studien har genomförts av fil dr Margareta Cederberg, fil dr Ingegerd Ericsson och fil dr Nanny Hartsmar, Malmö högskola och fil dr Lars B. Ohlsson, Lunds universitet. I rapporten svarar forskarna självständigt för innehåll och slutsatser. Varje kapitel avslutas med en sammanfattning. I slutet av rapporten finns en avslutande kommentar där även evidensproblematiken lyfts fram. Rapporten vänder sig till tjänstemän, personal inom socialtjänst och skola, forskare, forskarstuderande, samt till studerande vid socionom- och lärarutbildningar. Det är vår förhoppning att rapporten kan stimulera till fortsatt forskning och diskussioner om socialt arbete i skolan och om samverkan skola och socialtjänst. Uppdraget har finansierats av Malmö stad och genomförts under hösten 2010.

This report examines the ways in which socioeconomic (SE) factors affect educational disadvantage. As a starting-point SE could be understood as a set of structural factors that influence education and could cause disadvantages for groups of children, youths and adults. Since socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) is a very complex concept, we will present a more extensive working definition. Official perceptions of SED as well as research perspectives will be discussed. SED has intersectional dimensions and these are explored here and in the other thematic reports1. There are several different factors used to measure socioeconomic conditions. Common ways of assessing SED can include parents’ educational level, social background, living conditions and social heritage. In Eurostat, parents’ educational level, living conditions, and income are measured together with other variables such as gender and ethnic group, in a multi-dimensional structure, in order to compile a comprehensive definition of SE. Although socioeconomic circumstances have an important effect on young people’s school careers, the concept of SE is not formally and uniformly defined in relation to education in EU reports and statistics.

Denna avhandling handlar om mötet med svensk skola ur 12 unga kvinnors perspektiv. De flydde till Sverige i början eller under tonåren och genomförde framgångsrika skolkarriärer trots kort vistelsetid i Sverige. I studien beskrivs och analyseras deras väg genom skolan, från ursprungslandets skolan, via migrationen, in i och genom den svenska gymnasieskolan. Gemensamma samverkande komplexa mönster på individuell nivå, institutionell nivå och strukturell nivå framträder i intervjuerna. I dessa komplexa mönster framträder en övergripande anpassnings- och integrationsprocess till svensk skola. Fokus i studien är hur skolan bemött kvinnorna ur deras perspektiv. Förhållanden på institutionell skolnivå som mobiliserat och begränsat kvinnornas skolkarriär analyseras i anpassnings- och integrationsprocessen och tre framgångsdrivande begrepp: motivation, lärarbekräftelse samt modifierad anpassning identifieras. Även om kvinnorna genomfört framgångsrika studier har deras väg genom svensk skola varit problematisk. Inte enbart svenska språket utan även en annorlunda och osynlig pedagogik har begränsat och försvårat för kvinnorna att genomföra sina skolkarriärer.

This project uses assessment to develop students’ professional competence during their studies for qualification as social workers, teachers and dentists in a culturally heterogeneous society. Difficulties of uniting theory and practise are solved through ‘simulated’ authentic situations. The students describe critical professional situations, which are also described by experts. The students compare their analysis and interpretations with those of the experts, in self-assessment, group discussion and examination. The students describe, analyse, act and compare, and then articulate their need to extend their competence. The project is a useful model to connect theory and practice. In essence the model is common, but adjusted to the different courses of study and the varying requirements of the professions.

The aim of the project is to use assessment in developing students’ professional competence during their courses of studies for qualification as social workers, teachers and dentists in a culturally heterogeneous society. The difficulty of uniting theory and practice into a cohesive whole is worked upon by the use of simulated authentic situations. The students describe professional scenarios. These are used in self-assessment, seminars and interactive assessment. The situations are at times characterized strongly by specific theoretical knowledge but at other times only indirectly so. The students describe situations that occur in professional practice, analyse these and enact them, compare their own handling of the situation with others’, and articulate their need to further develop their competence. Everything is documented in the learning management system Xpand and is easily searched through.

The aim of the project is to use assessment in developing students’ professional competence during their courses of studies for qualification as social workers, teachers and den-tists in a culturally heterogeneous society. The difficulty of uniting theory and practice into a cohesive whole is worked upon by the use of simulated authentic situations. The students describe professional scenarios. They are used in self-assessment, seminars and interactive assessment. The situations are characterised partly by specific theoretical knowledge and partly by the obscure. In practice, the students describe, analyse and act, compare their own handling of the situation with others’ and articulate their need to further develop their competence. Everything is documented at the learning management system Xpand and easy to search through.

Within the science and technology centre (STC) movement there exists explicit aims and ambitions to enhance visitors’ interest in and knowledge about science. Meanwhile, several researches question the choice of the scientific content in exhibitions when arguing that a too unproblematic view of science commonly is presented. But what images and aspects of science are visitors actually confronted with at STCs? How do staff members at STCs consider the scientific content and how do they choose what aspects of science to display in exhibitions? What ideas about visitors’ learning do staff members express and what consequences follow these when planning and constructing new exhibitions? And in what ways do sponsors affect the content and the design of exhibitions? The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what assumptions and factors affect the final content and design of exhibitions. This question is elucidated and explored from different perspectives, presented in four articles as well as in the different sections in this thesis. In a first phase, staff members at Nordic STCs were asked to consider to what extent they believe they display different aspects of science. The results suggest that the most common image was "the usefulness of science" which tends to display science in an unproblematic and single-dimensioned way. In order to explore what underlying assumptions and factors which affect how science is constituted, a second phase involved interviewing17 staff members who worked with planning and constructing new exhibitions. Furthermore, a third phase of the data collection comprised participant observation and a focus group interview. The results indicated that staff members’ ideas about the nature of science do not seem to have a decisive effect on what scientific aspects they choose to display in exhibitions. When it comes to staff members’ ideas about visitors’ learning, this seems to influence their choices of scientific aspects. The results imply that staff members tend to use only an experience-based approach to learning and do not consider what is known from the field of learning and informal settings and science education. Furthermore, the results suggest that sponsors may affect the final content and design of exhibitions both directly and indirectly. This means that sponsors may have explicit demands concerning the content, but also that staff members consider what they believe are views of the sponsors when planning and constructing new exhibitions.

Within the enterprise of science and technology centres there exists explicit aims and ambitions to enhance visitors’ interest in and knowledge about science. Meanwhile, several researchers question the choice of the scientific content in exhibitions when arguing that a too unproblematic view of science commonly is presented. But how do staff members consider what scientific content to include and how this content can be organised in exhibitions? The results from interviews of staff members, responsible for planning and creating new exhibitions, suggest that they consider the scientific content of their exhibitions to a high extent in terms of organizational matters. This means that the staff members tend to not consider discussions about what aspects of science to include or exclude. Further on, the results imply that the relation between science and society risk being implicit to the visitors, whereas the aspect of scientific processes tend to be overlooked when constructing new exhibitions. The staff members express an anxiety in displaying scientific uncertainties or different models of explanations when arguing that this risks confusing the visitors. However, these aspects of science are, in the field of science education, considered crucial in order to create curiosity and interest in science. Does this mean that science and technology centres, through their eagerness to enhance young visitors’ scientific literacy, risk contributing to their detachment from or unconcern for scientific issues? 

Science centres aim to present science in ways that will attract visitors and enhance public interest in, and knowledge of, science. But what images and different aspects of science are visitors confronted with at Nordic science centres? This study aims to explore the different aspects of science that are displayed and the ways in which these aspects constitute different images of science. In this study, staff members who work with the planning and creation of new exhibitions were asked to answer a web-based questionnaire, identifying the extent to which different aspects of science were displayed in their latest exhibition. They were also asked to voice their opinions on what, and to what extent, they would like to display different aspects in future exhibitions. This study shows that exhibitions today, in particular, choose to display the wonders of science, presenting science in a product-oriented and unproblematic way. The study also reveals a great discrepancy between what staff members display at their latest exhibitions and what they want to display in future exhibitions. They express a will to emphasise aspects of science on the basis of a societal and cultural perspective. This means that controversial issues, values in society, non-western science, and scientific processes constitute important components for future exhibitions.

This study investigates staff members’ ideas and assumptions about visitors’ learning at science and technology centres. It also aims to explore in what ways their reasoning intersect with existing theories about learning within the field of science and technology centre research. The results of the study reveal that the staff members allude to learning processes differently by distinguishing organized from non-organized learning, theoretical learning from practical hands-on learning, and serious from non-serious learning. According to most of the staff members, these also conclude with different learning outcomes. Further, a majority of the staff members state that they do not have any scientific knowledge about learning despite the fact that they work with the construction of new exhibitions. When discussing visitors’ learning, the staff members instead refer to personal experiences, professional experiences, professional education, and external references. When it comes to how they reason about the natural scientific content, nearly all express that they use references from the natural science community and researchers’ knowledge. The article moreover discusses in what ways a socio-cultural approach may be used in order to understand how learning arises when visitors interact with exhibits.

A network of oak (Quercus robur L.) chronologies containing 49 sites and 635 single trees was analysed to identify weather variables affecting annual tree-ring increment dynamics in southern Sweden during 1860-2000. We analysed (1) the growth response of oak to non-extreme weather, and (2) the temporal and spatial patterns of regional growth anomalies (pointer years) and associated climatic extremes resolved on a monthly scale. Growth was controlled by precipitation in the current (June-July) and the previous growing season (August) in 48% and 22% of all sites, respectively. Temperature during July of the current year and August of the previous year was negatively correlated with growth in 29% and 43% of the sites, respectively. Growth was positively correlated with temperature in October of the previous season in 72% of the sites. The most extensive growth anomaly occured in 1965 and was probably caused by intrusion of cold Artic air masses into the region at the end of March that year. During the climatically non-extreme years, oak growth is driven mostly by the dynamics of summer precipitation. Many of the negative growth anomalies, however, were associated with temperature extremes. Southern Swedish oak pointer years tend not to coincide with the pan-European pointer years.

De senaste årens högskolepolitiska reformer har förändrat högskolor och universitet på flera sätt. Bologna-reformen innebar en målstyrd verksamhet och nya krav på lärare inom högre utbildning. Att vara högskolelärare innebär i allt högre utsträckning att vara examinator och garant för att utbildningens mål uppfylls. Därutöver råder ”nya ideal” angående lärarroll, lärandeaktiviteter och studentinflytande. Samtidigt, eller kanske som en följd av detta, har kraven på lärarnas högskolepedagogiska utbildning höjts och utbudet av kurser ökat. Men vilka avtryck får denna accelererande verksamhet på institutionerna och hur kan avtrycket förstås utifrån institutionens utbildningskultur? I detta runda bordssamtal kommer vi att presentera ett pågående forskningsprojekt om hur personer i ledningsfunktioner talar om högskolepedagogik och dess betydelse för institutionen. Senare kommer också empiriska data gällande högskolelärare att innefattas. Syftet med projektet är att belysa hur pedagogisk utbildning för högskolelärare uppfattas inom olika institutionskulturer. I detta fall handlar det om hur personer i ledningsfunktion menar att den ”nya” lärarrollen passar med olika intellektuella stilar och ämnens karaktär. Vilka skillnader kan vi se mellan t.ex. klassisk ”fil fak”-utbildning och professionsutbildningar? Vilka kopplingar finns mellan studentsyn, syn på framtida yrken, och uppfattningar om hur utbildningen bör organiseras? Vi intresserar oss även för huruvida kravet på 10 veckors högskolepedagogisk utbildning ses som ett direktiv uppifrån, kanske till och med som ett nödvändigt ont, eller om den betraktas som meriterande för utbildningsmiljön och/eller något som faktiskt förändrar den pedagogiska praktiken. Genom att bidra med kunskaper om olika föreställningar om högskolepedagogik ökar möjligheten för att förankra utbildningarna på olika institutioner. Men vi vill även peka på vikten av att föra en kritisk diskussion om högskolepedagogikens syfte och innehåll. Deltagarna i runda bordssamtalet kommer att aktiveras genom ett rollspel där deltagarna får anta roller som ledare och lärare inom olika områden och ämnen. Rollerna och upplägget för rollspelet kommer att inspireras och struktureras utifrån forskningsprojektets resultat. Genom att organisera ett rollspel av detta slag kommer vi att kunna diskutera föreställningar och fördomar om olika ämnes- och institutionskulturer och deras syn på studenter och hur utbildning bör organiseras.

Contemporary changes in higher education in Sweden are characterised by two educational discourses: marketisation and academisation. Demands to meet market requirements, as well as to make education more scientific, have created tensions between and within institutional cultures. Using interviews with 16 heads of departments, the authors investigate how tensions between marketisation and academisation were handled in discipline-oriented and professional-oriented departments. The heads of discipline-oriented departments experienced marketisation as a threat to the university trademark, because it was seen to challenge academic autonomy. On the other hand, heads of professional oriented departments felt that academisation was the main issue to be dealt with, as it shifted focus from practical skills towards academic meritocracy. Consequently, it is not possible to discuss these changes without considering that conditions differ substantially across the university. Responses to these changes can be countered by culturally sensitive strategies, rather than by adopting a ‘one size fits all’ approach.

Our introduction will contextualize and give a brief background to the last decade´s discussion and request for pedagogically more skilled and trained university teachers. A discourse often framed by and named as Scholarship of Teaching and Training, SoTL. Teaching at university level has until recently, unlike most other educational institutions, not required any formal pedagogical education. In spite of often being skilled after years of teaching, the majority of Swedish university teachers still have less then the recommended ten weeks pedagogical training. The purpose of the workshop is to illuminate the emerging practice SoTL. How is it framed and who and what influences and shapes the discourse? Should it be seen as an embryo to professionalize university teaching by valuing teaching excellence? Or should it be understood as a perceived need for a new kind of pedagogical competence in order to handle the consequences of the rapid expansion of higher education during the 90´s, a change from elite to mass higher education? What actors are participating in the formulation of the need for further pedagogical training of university teachers? The teachers themselves, evaluation teams from authorities such as the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education or course giving pedagogical consultants? What arguments are put forward to legitimize these relatively new requirements? Is it focusing on students needs or is it in relation to Scholarship of Research? What definitions of pedagogical competence are formulated? To give answers to these questions are far beyond the scope of this workshop. However to scrutinize what seems to underpin the contemporary pedagogical discourse might be an important contribution to a critical analyze of present practice in HE. Relevance for Nordic Educational research: There is a need to better understand the practice Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

I vår presentation fokuserar vi på fyra övergripande frågor i relation till det akademiska lärarskapet: • Hur ska lärformerna vid det nya högskolepedagogiskt kursupplägg på ett adekvat och kreativt sätt ta tillvara bredden i kursdeltagarnas skiftande erfarenheter, kunskapssyn, utbildningskultur och undervisningspraxis? • Hur ska kursledningen dokumentera och utvärdera den kunskapsprocess som sker ibland såväl kursdeltagare som kursledning? • Hur kan examinationen utformas så att flertalet av kursmomenten bearbetas och diskuteras av den enskilde kursdeltagaren i relation till hans/hennes eget utbildningssammanhang? • Hur kan kursen organiseras så att det sker en återkoppling till deltagarens verksamhet på det egna området och främja utvecklandet av nätverk mellan områdena? Bakgrund Den högskolepedagogiska utbildningen vid Malmö högskola har i och med hösten 2007 fått en delvis ny inriktning och utformning. En av de faktorer som bidragit till detta är Bolognaprocessen och Högskolereformen 2007, en annan är behovet av att ge nya lärare möjlighet att inom en rimlig tidsperiod få den efterfrågade obligatoriska pedagogiska kompetensen. En tredje är att erbjuda kompetensutveckling till högskolans samtliga lärare. Den övergripande intentionen är att det nya upplägget ska bidra till att kvalitetsarbetet blir mer systematiskt integrerat i högskolans verksamhet samtidigt som det etableras en infrastruktur för det akademiska lärarskapet att utvecklas i. Förutsättningar Malmö högskolas nya högskolepedagogiska program är uppdelad i följande tre (5 hp) kurser 1) akademiskt lärarskap 2) Tematisk högskolepedagogik 3) Högskolepedagogiskt projektarbete. Den första kursen, dvs., Akademiskt lärarskap kommer här att användas som ett konkret exempel i vår diskussion av de fyra (ovannämnda) övergripande frågorna. Kursupplägget för den introducerande kursen Akademiskt lärarskap 5hp är tänkt att utveckla en bred medvetenhet om villkor och innebörder i akademiskt lärarskap. Organisatoriska som juridiska aspekter av lärarskapet ska diskuteras liksom värdegrunden i akademisk utbildning och dess roll i samhället. Under kursens gång förmedlas kunskap om forskning och erfarenhet av studenters skiftande lärstilar, liksom olika former för undervisning och studier. Dessa kunskaper ska kursdeltagarna på ett självständigt sätt tillämpa i examinationsuppgiften som bl a utmynnar i en individuell pedagogiska avsiktsförklaring. En grundläggande tanke är att mötet med kollegor från andra områden och discipliner ska främja utvecklandet av nätverk. Samtidigt som heterogeniteten bland deltagarna skapar underlag för, möjligheter till och behov av ett medvetet och artikulerat förhållningssätt kring den egna disciplinen kunskapssyn, utbildningskultur och undervisningspraxis. På så sätt skapar gruppsammansättningen konkreta förutsättningar för ett aktivt arbete med högskolans vision som sammanfattas med att Mångfald gör skillnad.

This paper focuses upon the extent to which student teachers develop conceptual understanding about key scientific principles through their training, and the extent to which they can deploy this knowledge in discussions of complex environmental issues. All students involved in the teacher-training programme answered a questionnaire -- before and after their first term of the programme -- in which their conceptions of respiration and photosynthesis were tested. 15 students were also interviewed about a newspaper article that discusses the ethicality of using surplus heat from a crematorium in the far heating system. They were asked to comment on the article, to pose questions about the issue and explicitly asked what happens to the bodies if either combusted or buried. The first results show that some students, though not the majority, develop their ability to answer conceptual questions about scientific content as a result of their first science course. However, even among these students, the task of deploying this conceptual understanding in discussions of complex, socially relevant questions proved very difficult. Most students expressed personal opinions without using scientific arguments. It may be that the students have not developed the ability to recognise and distinguish different contexts or that the learning situation has not been challenging enough.

This paper reports on a longitudinal study on how science student teachers’ reasoning about a complex environmental issue developed through a teacher education programme in mathematics and science for grades 1–7 (ages 7–13). Of special interest was to follow the ways in which student teachers used scientific knowledge in their reasoning. The issue was taken from a newspaper article discussing the use of surplus heat from a crematorium for district heating. A group of 14 student teachers were followed through 21/2 years of a teacher education programme, during which they were interviewed three times. The results showed that the student teachers drew upon scientific knowledge only to a limited degree when they were asked to clarify the situation in the article, quickly taking standpoints based upon emotional arguments. Several student teachers experienced a contradiction between science and their emotions. It was also shown that there was a conceptual problem, which could be important for how the student teachers understood the issue, and thereby influenced their decision-making.

In this study the concept of sustainable development is discussed and what contribution a science teacher can make. Some scientific concepts relevant for environmental education are defined. To understand the concepts mean to be able to explain phenomena and to be able to use the conceptions as tools when discussing complex environmental issues. The ability to discuss complex issues is discussed. The aims of study were to study how student teachers in a programme oriented towards science for the first seven years in school develop scientific understanding and ability to discuss complex issues. Another aim was to relate the students’ experience of their own learning and the teaching to what they learn. Data were collected mainly by questionnaires and interviews. The whole student group answered questionnaires three times and about 15 students were interviewed three times. In the questionnaires the students answered questions about some ecological concepts. Their knowledge about causes and consequences of two global environmental issues were tested. They drew concept maps illustrating how complex they look upon an issue. In the interviews the students were asked about the teaching and their learning. They discussed a complex issue dealing with weather or not it is ethical to use surplus heat from a crematorium in the far heating system. The teachers were asked about the courses and about the students’ learning. Several learning projects could be identified. All the students had the intention to become teachers for young pupils. Parallel to this they wanted to pass the exams and to understand. Depending on the learning projects the students interpreted both the questions they were asked and the relevance of the contents in the science courses. This could explain why a majority of the students did not develop understanding of the investigated concepts. Most students did not use much science as a tool for decision-making when discussing the complex issue. There was a discrepancy between the students' learning projects and the teachers' learning projects for the students. When the students experienced this gap they went into rote learning to pass the exams. Those students whose learning project was to understand developed a better scientific understanding.

This paper presents results from a study with the following research questions: Are pupils' opinions on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) influenced by biology teaching? What is important for the opinion pupils hold and how does knowledge work together with other parameters such as values? 64 pupils in three upper secondary schools answered questionnaires, in which they expressed opinions and gave arguments on applications of GMOs, before and after biology courses. The pupils’ knowledge of genetics and GMOs was also investigated. Eleven pupils were then interviewed in order to go into argumentation in more depth. Results from questionnaires show ore pupils were positive about genetically modified tomatoes after the courses. No correlation was found between knowledge of basic genetics and opinion. Most of the pupils could express arguments for and against the applications but they built their personal opinion on different arguments. An important concern was potential risks. This was confirmed in the interview. Few had any idea of how the different applications are risk assessed or how scientists work. Depending on risk judgement and/or how they trusted scientists, the pupils came to different opinions. Other important factors for opinions were the purpose of the application, the time perspective and emotions.

This paper presents results from a study with the following research questions: • Are pupils’ opinions on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) influenced by biology teaching? • What is important for the opinion pupils hold and how does knowledge work together with other parameters such as values? 64 pupils in an upper secondary school answered questionnaires, in which they expressed opinions and gave arguments on applications of GMOs, before and after biology courses. The pupils’ knowledge of genetics and GMOs was also investigated. Eleven pupils were then interviewed in order to go into argumentation in more depth. More pupils were positive about genetically modified tomatoes after the courses. Males were more positive than females. No correlation was found between knowledge of basic genetics and opinion. Most of the pupils could express arguments for and against the applications but they built their personal opinion on different arguments. An important concern was potential risks. Depending on risk judgement and/or how they trusted scientists, the pupils came to different opinions. Few had any idea of how the different applications are risk assessed or how scientists work. Other important factors for decision-making were the purpose of the application, the time perspective and feelings.

This paper is about a longitudinal study to investigate how student teachers developed understanding of somekey ecological concepts during a teacher education programme. Another aim was to interpret the studentteachers' intentions in respect of the programme and to examine how these intentions influenced their learning.A group of students were followed trough 2.5 years of a teacher education programme. The whole studentgroup (n = between 47 and 60) answered a questionnaire three times. Their understanding of scientificconcepts, relevant to environmental education, was examined. 14 students were interviewed three times abouta newspaper article discussing the use of surplus heat from a crematorium. The students were also asked aboutexpectations of the teaching programme and of learning experiences from their science courses and fromschool practice. It s concluded that many of the student teachers did not develop the conceptual understandingnecessary to be able to engage with the socio-scientific issue presented to them. It also concludes that many ofthe student teachers approach the learning of science content from the perspective of their personal notions ofthe tasks of a primary schoolteacher, which is significantly different from the perspectives underpinning thecurriculum and the intention of teacher educators. The connection between these two conclusions is discussed.