Background: Every year approximately 1500 adolescents (aged 12-20) are placed at Swedish detention homes run by the National Board of Institutional Care (SiS) according to the laws of “The young persons act” or “Secure institutional treatment for young offenders instead of prison”. Little is known about the sexual health of these adolescents, although earlier research, mainly international, strongly indicates that troubled youths in general are subjected to sexual exposure. Methods: A survey covering different aspects of sexual health with 148 boys (64 %) and girls (36 %) with an average age of 17 at Swedish detention homes was conducted. The survey focused sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviours and the results were compared with the answers from other youths. Results: The adolescents at detention homes holds different attitudes towards sexuality compared to the ones in the national sample. They are to a greater extent, the boys more than the girls, negative towards homosexual relations; the girls’ sexual actions are judged harder than boys’; and none considered themselves as being homosexual although close to one third of the girls consider themselves as being bisexual. The average age for sexual debut, which most commonly took place with an older person with whom the boy or girl did not have an ongoing relationship, is three years earlier compared to other youths. Alcohol and drugs during sexual debut, experiences of sex against ones will, of selling and buying sex, of unprotected vaginal intercourse, of becoming or making someone pregnant is more common within the group. Conclusion: The results, although not unexpected, provides important knowledge to be used in comprehensive sexual health education which we suggest should be offered these young persons during their stay at the youth detention homes. The aim is to develop such a curriculum, let the detained adolescents reflect upon it in focus-groups and implement it.

Background: In Sweden sex education has been compulsory since 1955. However, access to this still seems to be insufficient in special schools. Worries about unwanted pregnancies, sexual abuse and sexual risk situations make the surrounding unsecure about what, how and who are most supposed to deal with the subject. Also, there are a lot of changes of community patterns and social arenas for love and sexuality due to the Internet. Young people with ID look upon the Net as an arena where they can be as “everyone else”. Teachers, in the contrary, looks at the usage of the Internet as sexual risk taking behaviour. Knowledge of so called net rules is one way to counteract the risks, but these rules are seldom supplied to young people with ID. A heteronormativ norm in sex education makes young gay people with ID to be an invisible group. Finally, stereotyped gender norms where girls are supposed to be oriented towards love and relationships and boys towards sexuality make it harder for young people with ID to find a more nuanced way to act. Purpose: The study aim to strengthen the sexual health among young people with ID, and to develop knowledge from their own experiences that can help teachers in special school to supply sufficient sex education. Research questions: Which experiences of sex education do young people with ID in the age of 16-21 have? Are there any similarities or differences between boys and girls? In what way, and by whom, should sex education be supplied? What themes do the young people with ID think is of importance? Methods: Qualitative research interviews with young females and males with ID in the age of 16-21 years. The use of the study: The results from the study intend to be used to develop an adequate pedagogic model for sex education at special schools.

Sexualkunskap blev obligatoriskt så tidigt som 1955 i den svenska skolan, men fortfarande tycks tillgång till information om den egna kroppen, sexualitet och relationer vara bristfällig för ungdomar med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF). De nationella målen för sexualkunskapen är alltför allmänt hållna och inte heller är de anpassade utifrån varierande utvecklings- och intellektuella nivåer. Den intellektuella funktionsnedsättningen medför också att ungdomarna inte har samma möjligheter som andra att delge varandra kunskaper. Ambivalensen är stor hos personal i särskole- och habiliteringsverksamheter och oro för oönskade graviditeter, sexuella övergrepp och andra sexuella risksituationer gör att man är osäker rörande vad, hur och vilka som ska förmedla dessa kunskaper.

Background: Youth subjected to enforced placement due to criminality, alcohol or drug abuse or antisocial behavior is a vulnerable group; their overall health as well as their sexual health is lower than the one of their non-detained peers. In a previous survey 2010 we found elevated sexual risk-taking among Swedish adolescent at detention centers. What is the underlying significance of these risky sexual actions, such as first intercourse at the age of 11-12, sex under the influence of drugs or alcohol, and/or having unprotected sex with an unknown partner? Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted in 2011 with 9 girls and 11 boys aged 15-20 who at the time of the interviews were subject to mandatory care in enforced placement. Using constructivist Grounded Theory, these interviews were analyzed jointly with the results from a previous 2010 survey that included 148 detainees aged 15-20. Results: The sexual risk-taking can be understood along three separate but intersecting dimensions: the individual, the group and the society. Individual differences such as gender, age, ethnicity, substance abuse and cognitive ability affect the risk-taking. Furthermore, low school attendance leads up to a lack of basic sexual knowledge, and alcohol and drug use, and a chaotic lifestyle all contribute to hazardous risk assessment. On a group level the interned youth are seeking intimacy, confirmation and a sexual identity as other youth However, their search is on a societal level an ambivalent one, as they navigate between traditional and modern sexual norms. In their ongoing marginalized life, the desire to experience something good (intimacy, confirmation, pleasure), outweighs the risk for something bad (STI, unwanted pregnancy, unwanted sex) which lead to a pragmatic view of sex and sexual risk-taking. Conclusion: Respect for this pragmatic sexual risk-taking and its many different layers of origin as well as for its positive meaning for the adolescents is needed. Furthermore, understanding these intersecting dimensions is essential if preventive work within this group is to be regarded as relevant by the adolescents themselves. Key-words: sexual health, risk-taking, youth, youth detention centers, prevention, safer sex

There is a widespread concern in Western society about the visibility of pornography in public places and on the Internet. What are the consequences for young men and women, and how do they think about gender, sexuality, and pornography? Data was collected, through 22 individual interviews and seven focus groups, from 51 participants (36 women and 37 men aged 14–20 years) in Sweden. The results indicated a process of both normalization and ambivalence. Pornography was used as a form of social intercourse, a source of information, and a stimulus for sexual arousal. Pornography consumption was more common among the young men than among the women. For both the young men and women, the pornographic script functioned as a frame of reference in relation to bodily ideals and sexual performances. Most of the participants had acquired the necessary skills of how to deal with the exposure to pornography in a sensible and reflective manner.

Introduction and objectives: In 2007 a new master program in sexology started within the faculty of Health and Society at Malmö University, Sweden. This pilot study aims to explore who the master students are, and the pedagogical implications for the substance, methods and organization of the program. Method: A pilot questionnaire study has been conducted during the spring of 2008. The sample is limited to the first class of master students at the sexology program at Malmö University. 23 out of 29 students answered and completed the questionnaire. Results: A majority of the students are women (20), ages 35-45 (10), and married or cohabit (16). Almost half of the students are social workers (11) and nurses and midwifes (8). Most of them are professionals with sexological elements as a part of their daily work (16). A majority intends to work as sexologists (16), and more than half of the master students want to begin a research career (16). Conclusion: The varying backgrounds of the master students urge the teachers to aim for scholarship of teaching, meaning both being experts on their fields and experts on teaching. The student’s diverse competences can also be used at the master program according to learning as participation in a social practice. Many of the students aspire for a research career, which means that Malmö University has to organize and prepare for studies on a higher level.

Det finns ett stort behov av kunskap inom området sexualitet och unga med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar. Där är "Hur gör man?" ett värdefullt bidrag för personal inom särskole-, omsorgs-, habiliterings- och fritidsverksamheter. Den kan också läsas med stor behållning av anhöriga och andra intresserade av ämnet. Boken innehåller en teoridel, som hjälper läsaren att reflektera kring ämnet och en omfattande metoddel med stöd och inspiration för att leda samtalsgrupper för unga med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar.

Introduction + Method: The Internet has become a common way for people to contact each other, to flirt and start relationships. How does this development influence today’s young people with intellectual disabilities (ID)? This qualitative study is based on interviews with 10 young people with intellectual disabilities and 12 staff members in Sweden during the year of 2005. Findings and discussion: Young people with ID also use Internet, mainly for social and romantic reasons. They view the Internet as a positive arena where they can be “like everybody else” without mentioning their disabilities. It is seen as a “free-zone” from the control by staff members and parents. People around them tend to worry and focus on the risks of being deluded or abused involved in the usage. The young people themselves perceive the risks for disappointments or unfulfilled expectations in a partner as the more serious risk. Recommendations: It is important to meet the young people’s need of being a part of the youth net-culture, where they can social contacts and practicing communication and spelling. But also it is vital to inform about the risks of being deluded or abused in a nuanced way.

Hur ser möjligheterna för kärlek och sexualitet ut för ungdomar med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar? Liknar erfarenheterna "alla andras"? Om inte, hur skiljer de sig åt? Kapitlet ger en bild av dagens unga med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar och deras erfarenheter av sexualitet och kärlek

(Dutch abstract) In Zweden, en in veel andere Westerse landen, maakt men zich openlijk zorgen over de implicaties en de gevolgen van de toename van pornografische ervaringen en het stijgende gebruik van pornografie bij jongeren. Toch wordt er in dit debat bijna nauwelijks geluisterd naar wat jongeren hier zelf over te zeggen hebben. De onderzoekers hebben geprobeerd daar een mouw aan te passen door tieners te vragen naar hun eigen mening over pornografie en hoe ze zich daartoe verhouden. Welke ervaringen hebben ze in feite met pornografie en hoe praten ze erover? In welke situaties gebruiken ze pornografie en welke functies worden erdoor vervuld? Wat denken ze over de weergave van het lichaam en de fysieke idealen die in pornografie worden opgehangen? Welke effecten heeft pornografie op hoe ze omgaan met seksualiteit en man-vrouw relaties? En wat zijn tenslotte de verschillen wanneer jongens of meisjes over deze kwesties praten? Deze tekst verscheen eerder als Månsson, S-A, & Löfgren-Mårtenson, L (2007) Let's talk about porn! On youth, gender and pornography in Sweden In S V Knudsen, L Löfgren-Mårtenson & S-A Månsson (Eds), Generation P? Youth, Gender and Pornography (p 241-258). Kopenhagen Danmarks Pedagogiska Universitetsforlag. Vertaling: Gregory Watson

The aim of the article is to identify, describe and understand the opportunities and hindrances for young people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in expressing a variety of sexual expressions, such as homo- and bisexuality. The method is qualitative interviews with people with ID in the age of 16-27, staff members and parents. The study show that young gay people with ID are an invisible group, and that the possibilities to show a variety of sexual expressions are depending on the surroundings attitudes and behaviours toward the youngsters. Therefore it is important to teach about different sexualities in the sex education at special schools and also to do more research concerning homo- and bisexuality and intellectual disability, without having the heterosexual norm as a starting point.

Många unga med intellektuella funktionsnedsättning växer upp skyddat och isolerat och synen på sexualitet och funktionsnedsättningar är fylld av ambivalens. Mötesplatserna, som främst är riktade till heterosexuella, är ofta arrangerade av vuxna och förutsättningarna för privata zoner är begränsade. Elever i särskolan får dessutom inte lika mycket eller lika gedigen sexualkunskap som andra.

Människor med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar tillhör en heterogen grupp med stora variationer. Den intellektuella funktionsnedsättningen innebär allt från lindriga inlärnings- och kommunikationssvårigheter till mer omfattande intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar och därtill ibland även fysiska funktionsnedsättningar. Förutom själva funktionsnedsättningen är faktorer såsom kön, ålder, social klass och personlighet av betydelse för den enskildes livssituation. Hur mycket stöd och hjälp som behövs i det dagliga livet ser därför olika ut, och kan handla om assistans i de flesta situationer under dygnet till enstaka insatser då och då. Själva funktionsnedsättningen innebär också att den psykosexuella utvecklingen försenas i olika grad. Funktionsnedsättningen påverkar framför allt förmågan till abstraktion och uppfattningen av tid och rum. Det innebär att förståelsen av egna och andras känslor och erfarenheter och förutsättningarna att uppfatta samhälleliga och kulturella normer och koder kan vara begränsade i olika grad.

The Internet has become an increasingly common way for people to contact each other, to flirt, fall in love and start relationships. How does this development influence today's young people with intellectual disabilities? The article presents a picture of the Internet experiences of some young adults with intellectual disabilities and discusses how others view this usage. It is based on a qualitative study in Sweden where 10 young people with intellectual disabilities and 12 staff members were interviewed. The interviews show that young people with intellectual disabilities also use the Internet, mainly for social and romantic reasons. They view the Internet as a positive arena where they can be “like everybody else” and therefore generally present themselves without mentioning their disabilities. However, people around them tend to worry considerably and focus mainly on the risks involved in this usage of the Internet.

Bakgrund och syfte: Ett nytt masterprogram i sexologi startade hösten 2007 vid enheten för Hälsa och samhälle, Malmö högskola. Programmet fick ett stort antal sökande och syftet med denna pilotstudie är att undersöka vilka det är som studerar sexologi på masternivå, och pedagogiska implikationer för programmets innehåll, metoder och organisation. Pilotstudien ingår som ett första steg i en större studie om professionalisering av sexologer. Metod: En webbaserad enkät konstruerades utifrån Malmö högskolas program ”Artologik Query & Report”. Urvalet är begränsat till Kull 1, och av 29 studenter svarade 22 på frågorna. Resultaten presenteras i antal personer istället för procent på grund av materialets storlek. Resultat: Majoriteten av masterstudenterna är kvinnor (20), ett fåtal män (2), i åldern 35-45 (10), samt gifta/ sammanboende (16). Flertalet arbetar inom sjukvården (8) och har en socionomexamen (11), sjuksköterske- (4) eller barnmorskeexamen (4). Fler än hälften har läst sexologi tidigare (14) och har ett arbete där sexologiska moment ingår (16). De går programmet pga. önskan om kompetensutveckling (17), vill arbeta som sexolog framöver (16), samt personlig utveckling (12). En stor andel vill forska inom sexualitet och sexuell hälsa (13). Konklusion: Studenternas varierande bakgrund och förväntningar på programmet innebär att lärarna bör sträva efter Scholarship of Teaching (Kreber 2002), dvs. både vara experter på sitt område och på att undervisa. Men studenternas skilda kompetenser kan också användas i utbildningen, utifrån metaforen ”lärande som deltagande i en social praktik” (Sfard 1998). En stor andel av masterstudenterna avser att fortsätt studier på forskarnivå, vilket bör uppmärksammas av högskolan. Nyckelord: master i sexologi, tvärvetenskaplighet, pedagogiska utmaningar, resurser .

Bakgrund och syfte: Ett nytt masterprogram i sexologi startade hösten 2007 vid enheten för Hälsa och samhälle, Malmö högskola. Programmet fick ett stort antal sökande och syftet med denna pilotstudie är att undersöka vilka det är som studerar sexologi på masternivå, och pedagogiska implikationer för programmets innehåll, metoder och organisation. Pilotstudien ingår som ett första steg i en större studie om professionalisering av sexologer. Metod: En webbaserad enkät konstruerades utifrån Malmö högskolas program ”Artologik Query & Report”. Urvalet är begränsat till Kull 1, och av 29 studenter svarade 22 på frågorna. Resultaten presenteras i antal personer istället för procent på grund av materialets storlek. Resultat: Majoriteten av masterstudenterna är kvinnor (20), ett fåtal män (2), i åldern 35-45 (10), samt gifta/ sammanboende (16). Flertalet arbetar inom sjukvården (8) och har en socionomexamen (11), sjuksköterske- (4) eller barnmorskeexamen (4). Fler än hälften har läst sexologi tidigare (14) och har ett arbete där sexologiska moment ingår (16). De går programmet pga. önskan om kompetensutveckling (17), vill arbeta som sexolog framöver (16), samt personlig utveckling (12). En stor andel vill forska inom sexualitet och sexuell hälsa (13). Konklusion: Studenternas varierande bakgrund och förväntningar på programmet innebär att lärarna bör sträva efter Scholarship of Teaching (Kreber 2002), dvs. både vara experter på sitt område och på att undervisa. Men studenternas skilda kompetenser kan också användas i utbildningen, utifrån metaforen ”lärande som deltagande i en social praktik” (Sfard 1998). En stor andel av masterstudenterna avser att fortsätt studier på forskarnivå, vilket bör uppmärksammas av högskolan.

Introduction and objectives: In 2007 a new master program in sexology started at the faculty of Health and Society at Malmö University, Sweden. The aim of the program is to offer an academic education on an advanced level, according to the Bologna process, to midwifes, social workers, psychologists and teachers that aspire to work or already work in the field of sexology. Moreover, the program intends to attract aspiring researchers to continue on a higher level at the university. In the first round, more than 130 applications were submitted by prospective students, 30 were accepted and started their studies in the fall of 2007. A second group will start in the fall of 2008. But who are the master students in sexology? Which are their demographic and professional backgrounds? And what intentions do they have with their studies? Methods: As part of a future study about sexologists as professionals and the professionalization of sexology, a pilot questionnaire study has been conducted, containing. The sample is limited to the first class of master students at the sexology program at Malmö University. At the time of the study they had terminated three out of four courses of their first year of a total of three years. 23 out of 29 students answered completed the questionnaire. Preliminary results: A majority of the students are women (87 %), ages 35-45 (23 % 35-40 years and 23 % 40-45 years). Nearly 70 % are married or cohabit, 13 % are singles or/and divorced. Almost half of the students are social workers (48 %), while nurses (17, 4 %) and midwifes (17, 4 %) are fewer but still well represented. A few are psychologists and one is a teacher. Most of them are professionals with “sexological elements” as a part of their daily work (73 %), mainly of an advisory and/or informative character (65 %). A majority intend to work as sexologists after their master degree (70 %), and more than half of the them wants to begin a research career (56, 6 %). The majority are satisfied with the form and content of master program (64 %), however approximately one third (36, 4 %) is not. The latter demand a more clinical perspective and consider the master program having too much of a sociological focus. On the other hand, the students are aware of that two more years of the master program probably will secure a better balance between the clinical and sociological aspects of sexology. . Conclusions: The interest from professionals to attend a master program in sexology is very extensive, which means that Malmö University has to secure a continued high quality education on an advanced level and offer both competent teachers in the sexological field and supervisors for the master thesis in order to meet the student’s expectations and professional needs. Many of the students also aspire for a research career, which means that Malmö University has to prepare itself for studies on a higher level according to the Bologna process.

Introduction: In 2007 a master program in sexology was started within the faculty of Health and Society at Malmö University, Sweden. The aim of the program is to offer training on an advanced academic level, according to the Bologna process, to professionals in health care, schools, clinical centers, etc. Moreover, the program aims at attracting students who are interested in a future research career within the field of sexology and sexuality studies. Thus the program focuses on promoting in-depth knowledge about sexuality as a phenomenon and about sexology as a field of practice and science from an interdisciplinary perspective. Special attention is given to the significance of different cultural perspectives on sexuality and also to how research, teaching and training within the sexological field are shaped by the fact that Scandinavian societies today are characterized by ethnic and cultural diversity. The program is closely linked to the research program Gender, Sexuality and Social work at the same faculty (www.mah.se/hs/kssa), which contains different areas of research in the social science field. The members of the resarch program participate as teachers in the master program. Overall the group of teachers and researchers attached to the program are engaged in developing the contents of sexology as field of knowledge and research and its relations to practical and clinical sexological work. Questions: Which pedagogical and theoretical methods and models have been used at the master program? What studies are being conducted within the research program Gender, Sexuality and Social Work? Conclusions: The pedagogical aim is to combine different learning methods in order to adapt new theoretical aspects of sexology, learn new models for working with sexual health in different areas and to reflect among values and attitudes concerning sexuality. Theories from different perspective of sexuality are used, but according to the aim of the program is the social constructive theory especially useful. Lectures are combined with discussions, group papers connected to the theme of the course and individual papers. The students are seen as competent sources that are increasing the level of learning by contributing with their special knowledge in different areas. The research program consist of studies within the fields of prostitution and trafficking, sexuality and violence, homosexuality, hiv and hiv-prevention, masculinities and mens’ parenthood, youth and sexuality, sexuality and disability, treatment of sex offenders, ethnical relations and sexuality, pornography and sexual exposure.

Introduction and objectives: The visibility and accessibility of pornography in public space has increased dramatically over the last decade. In many Western societies, among them Sweden, there is a wide-spread concern about the implications and consequences of this development, especially for young people. However, seldom are young people’s own voices being heard in this debate. Our research tries to remedy this by asking teenagers about their experiences, views and relationships to pornography. Methods: Data were collected in 2006 through qualitative research interviews and focus groups with young people; 73 informants between 14 and 20 years of age are included in the study, 36 girls and 37 boys. Results: The increasing accessibility of pornography has contributed to a process of normalization with regard to young people’s attitudes and behaviours in relation to pornography. This change, however, is related to both age and gender, which allows us to talk about gender specific pornography careers. Our study also confirms the influence and growing importance of the pornographic script as a frame of reference or behavioural code that more or less explicitly prescribes how to look and what to do. However, it seems that most of our interviewees have acquired the necessary skills in how to navigate in the pornographic landscape in a sensible and reflective manner. Most of them seem to have the ability to distinguish between pornographic fantasies and narratives on the one hand, and real life sexual interaction and relationships on the other. Conclusions: Growing up in a society with an easily accessible pornography both lead to a defused view on sexuality and to a critical and reflective outlook. The impact of the so-called pornographic script is clear. However, at the same time the script brings to the fore an ambivalence towards sexuality, and to pornography specifically. It contains both pleasure and harmfulness in a way that seems to be both tempting and frightening.

Generation P? is based on a unique and comprehensive study giving voice to the words and opinions of the young people themselves. Never before have pornography and sexualized material been so readily available and pervasive in young people's everyday life. TV programmes, advertising, and the music industry exploit and play with pornographic codes and scenarios. The sex industry launches and promotes its products via youth channels and websites. How do young people navigate through this pornographic landscape? Does the omnipresence of pornography breed curiosity or resistance? How does pornography challenge the role of parents and teachers? Generation P? provides answers to these questions and presents a unique body of new research on youth, gender and pornography. The study shows that the vast majority of young people in the Nordic countries have seen porn. But young people do not swallow the pornographic messages without resistance, and some are very critical of or actively opposed to them. It is very seldom that the voices of young people are heard in the public debate on pornography. In Generation P? focus is set on the voices, definitions and experiences with pornography of young people themselves. The book contains contributions from leading researchers from different academic fields: sociology, psychology, media research, social work and public health.

Introduction and objectives: The visibility and accessibility of pornography in public space has increased dramatically over the last decade, not least thanks to the Internet. In many Western societies, among them Sweden, there is a wide-spread concern and public debate about the implications and consequences of this development, especially for young people. However, seldom are young people’s own voices being heard in this debate. Our research tries to remedy this by asking teenagers about their experiences, views and relationships to pornography. How do they reason about gender, sexuality and pornography? And how do they navigate in the pornographic landscape surrounding them? What implications do the “pornographic script” (cultural representations with a pornographic content) have on young people’s views of bodily ideals and sexual interaction? Methods: Data were collected in the year of 2006 in Sweden through qualitative research interviews and focus groups with young people; 73 informants between 14 and 20 years of age are included, 36 girls and 37 boys. Results: The increasing accessibility of pornography has contributed to a process of normalization with regard to young people’s attitudes and behaviours in relation to pornography. This change, however, is related to both age and gender. More boys than girls are active pornography consumers. Boys also have a more positive attitude towards pornography than girls. However, these differences vary with age and concurrently with the accumulation of the person’s own sexual experience. Girls become more positive to pornography the older they get, although still to a comparatively lesser degree than boys. At the same time, the most relentless critics of pornography are to be found among the girls. These differences allow us to talk about gender specific pornography careers. Our study also confirms the influence and growing importance of the pornographic script as a frame of reference and/or behavioural code that more or less explicitly prescribes how to look and what to do. It seems that most of our interviewees have acquired the necessary skills of how to navigate in the pornographic landscape in a sensible and reflective manner. Conclusions: Growing up in a society with an easily accessible pornography both lead to a defused view on sexuality, but also to a critical and reflective outlook. The impact of the so-called pornographic script is clear when it comes to what to do, how to look and how to react on pornography. But at the same time the script brings to the fore an ambivalent and a split feeling towards sexuality, and to pornography specifically.

Rapporten består av kvalitativa studier i det nordiska projektet: Unge,kön och pornografi i Norden.

Internet has become an increasingly usual way for people to contact each other, to flirt, fall in love and start relationships. How does this development influence today’s young people with intellectual disabilities? The presentation will present a picture of the Internet experiences of some of today’s adolescents with intellectual disabilities and of the surrounding world’s view on this usage of Internet. The presentation is based on a qualitative study in which 10 young people with intellectual disabilities and 12 staff members were interviewed. The results show that young people with intellectual disabilities of today also use Internet mainly for social and love life reasons. They view Internet as a positive arena where they can be “like everybody else” and therefore they generally present themselves without mentioning their disabilities. However, their surrounding world tends to worry considerably, mainly focusing on the risks involved in this usage of Internet. The study has been published as a Swedish monography: Löfgren-Mårtenson, L. (2005) Kärlek.nu. Om Internet och unga med utvecklingsstörning [Love.now. About Internet and Young People with intellectual disabilities]. Lund, Studentlitteratur. An article in English is also in press in: Löfgren-Mårtenson, L. (2006) Love in cyberspace ­ a new social arena for people with intellectual disabilities? Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research.

Boken bygger på en kvalitativ studie med enskilda intervjuer och diskussioner i fokusgrupper med ungdomar i åldern 14–20 år och på en genomgång av den svenska och internationella forskningen på området. Syftet är att beskriva vilka kunskaper och erfarenheter ungdomar har av pornografi, hur de navigerar i det pornografiska landskapet som omger dem, samt vilka innebörder och konsekvenser ungdomarna uppfattar att pornografin har för dem själva och för deras syn på kön, kärlek och sexualitet. Boken vänder sig till personal inom skolor och ungdomsverksamheter, till dem dem som undervisar i sex- och samlevnadsfrågor och till studerande som utbildar sig inom dessa områden. Boken är också högaktuell för alla andra som intresserar sig för ungdomar, deras livssituation och hur samhället ser ut idag.

Dagens unga med utvecklingsstörning är den första generation som vuxit upp i familj. Men de befinner sig också i skärningspunkten mellan gamla och nya vård- och omsorgsideologier. Hur ser egentligen möjligheterna till självbestämmande och normalisering ut när det gäller de mer privata delarna av livet? Vad säger de unga med utvecklingsstörning själva om sina möjligheter till kärlek och sexualitet? Vilken betydelse har omgivningens inställning? ”Får jag lov?” bygger på en etnografisk avhandling och utgår från dansobservationer och intervjuer med ungdomar med utvecklingsstörning samt personal och anhöriga. Ungdomarnas drömmar och erfarenheter samt omgivningens ambivalens och dilemman beskrivs och analyseras. Boken vänder sig både till studenter och yrkesverksamma inom omsorgs-, habiliterings-, särskole- och fritidsverksamheter samt till anhöriga.

Internet har på ett revolutionerande sätt skapat nya virtuella mötesplatser och förändrat kommunikationsformerna mellan människor. Numera kan man ta kontakt med potentiella partners, flörta, förälska sig och skapa relationer via cyberspace. Men i vilken mån används Internet och den nya tekniken av unga med utvecklingsstörning för att exempelvis söka partners? Används cyberspace som en ny social arena även bland dessa unga? Vad anser de själva om kärlek och sex på Internet? Vilka för- och nackdelar ser omsorgs- och särskolepersonal med Internet och utvecklingsstörning? Boken bygger på en kvalitativ intervjustudie med unga med utvecklingsstörning och personal inom omsorg, särskole- och fritidsverksamheter, och avser att ge svar på dessa och liknande frågor. Den vänder sig till alla som är intresserade av levnadsvillkoren för personer med utvecklingsstörning och av de nya kommunikationsformer som utvecklats via Internet. Främst är boken tänkt att användas inom vård- och omsorgsutbildningar, men även av personal som arbetar inom exempelvis omsorgs-, habiliterings- och särskoleverksamheter.

The aim of the article is to identify, describe and understand the opportunities and hindrances for young people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in forming relationships and expressing sexuality and love. The methods are participant observations at dances geared towards youths with ID and qualitative interviews with youngsters, staff members and parents. The results show a big variation of sexual conduct, where intercourse seems to be quite unusual. The study also shows that staff and parents feel responsibility for the youngsters sexuality and often act disciplinary as new institutional walls, while the youngsters develop different social strategies to cope with the surroundings. It seems clear that staffs need more guidance and education about sexuality and disability in their social interaction with a new generation of people with ID.

Baksidestext: Internet har på många sätt kommit att påverka sexualiteten i det moderna samhället. Ibland talas det om sex på nätet som nästa stora revolution. Men hittills har vi haft förhållandevis lite kunskap om vilken betydelse denna revolution har i människors vardagsliv. Med denna rapport klarnar bilden något. Här redovisas en studie av drygt 1 800 svenskars användning av nätet för kärleks- och sexuella syften. Rapporten ingår i ett större forskningsprojekt som sedan år 2002 pågår vid Institutionen för socialt arbete vid Göteborgs universitet samt vid Enheten för socialt arbete vid Malmö Högskola.