I detta kapitel diskuteras studenters studieframgång, avhopp och genom­strömning. Vidare är syftet att belysa studenters känsla av tillhörighet i relation till studieframgång och olika möjligheter att minska studentavhopp. Motivet är att en ökad förståelse för studenters känsla av tillhörighet i relation till studieframgång ger stöd åt utveckling av akademiska miljöer och utbildningsprogram som i sin tur stärker inkludering och breddat deltagande.

Digitalization has the potential to radically change the way buildings are designed, produced, and operated. In this digital transformation, the establishment of information standards play an important role. However, despite substantial efforts in the development of both technology and standards, these are not yet fully adopted in construction. This study aims to review the adoption of standards and to examine whether suppliers of prefabricated concrete elements have transformed their business models. The purpose is to strengthen the understanding of the interplay between the adoption of standards and business model renewal. Driving forces for the adoption of standards are identified and coupled with suppliers' arguments for business model protection and renewal, explained in terms of a market and a hierarchy approach. The market approach embraces the adoption of open standards for improved competition and information exchange along with the further adoption of industrialized construction. This study identifies that common standards for precast elements are lacking, which leads to waste in terms of structural re-design and liability uncertainties. On the other hand, a market situation with open standards is challenging for suppliers to utilize and benefit from their existing operational platforms. Suppliers of precast elements strive for a hierarchy approach, that is, the adoption of the whole value chain, to protect their market position and continue offering structural frameworks and services. This concurs with arguments for industrialized construction, which emphasize the benefits of continuous improvements. This study contributes to the understanding of drivers and impediments for the up-take of standards versus business model renewal in construction.

Denna studie grundar sig på det återkommande arbetet med Early Alert vid Malmö universitet. Syftet med Early Alert är att skapa större förståelse för orsakerna bakom bristande studieresultat hos förstaårsstudenter och därefter ta fram förslag till insatser som kan utgöra stöd till studenterna att fortsätta sina studier och fullfölja sin utbildning. Undersökningen pågick mellan december 2018 och januari 2019 och urvalet fokuserade förstaårsstudenter utan rapporterade resultat tio veckor in i studierna vid samtliga fem fakulteter vid lärosätet. Totalt identifierades 548 studenter och 271 tackade ja till att delta i en intervju. Den sammantagna bilden av studien visar i likhet med tidigare Early Alert-undersökningar att det är en kombination av privata och utbildningsrelaterade orsaker som påverkar förstaårsstudenters studieresultat. En majoritet av respondenterna uppger att anledningarna till deras bristande studieresultat i hög grad är faktorer som kan relateras till en svag akademisk eller social integration. När det gäller akademisk integration kan vi se upplevda svårigheter med att använda tillgängliga systemstöd såsom exempelvis Canvas. Andra svar belyser studenters svårigheter med att se karriärvägar efter studierna. Vidare kan respondenternas svar relateras till svårigheter med akademiskt skrivande och studieteknik. Språkstöd och stöd för skrivande finns tillgängligt för studenter och kontakten förmedlades vid intervjun. En viktig fråga blir hur det blir tydligt för ännu fler studenter att det finns stödfunktioner tillgängliga för dem? När det gäller social integration kan det relaterad till begreppet känsla av tillhörighet som visat sig vara en viktig faktor för studie¬fram¬gång. Denna faktor kommer till uttryck på olika i både positiva och negativa upplevelser relaterat till psykosocial studiemiljö. Några uttrycker att stödet från kurskamrater och lärare har varit avgörande för att lyckas med sina studier. Resultaten är i linje med tidigare studier som visar att en upplevelse av stöd från kurskamrater, lärare och fakulteten ökar motivationen och minskar risken för avhopp.

Den här rapporten är resultatet av arbetet med studien Early Alert på Malmö universitet, under höstterminen 2018. Syftet med studien är dels att skapa större förståelse för orsakerna bakom bristande studieresultat hos förstaårsstudenter och dels att ta fram förslag till stödinsatser för studenterna, så att de kan fortsätta sina studier och fullfölja sin utbildning. Syftet är också att systematisera utvecklingsarbetet av ett uppföljningsverktyg, för att tidigt identifiera studenter med bristande resultat.

Undersökningen pågick mellan december 2018 och januari 2019. Fokus var förstaårs-studenter utan resultat tio veckor in i studierna vid lärosätets samtliga fem fakulteter: Kultur och samhälle (KS), Teknik och samhälle (TS), Hälsa och samhälle (HS), Lärande och samhälle (LS) och Odontologiska fakulteten (OD). Undersökningen är den tredje i sitt slag vid Malmö universitet och kan också sägas vara den fjärde, om vi inkluderar pilotprojektet som genomfördes med studenter på TS höstterminen 2016.

Resultatet visar att, trots de insatser som genomförts i anslutning till föregående års rapporter, till exempel i form av förstärkt mottagningsarbete för nya studenter, så finns det fortfarande stora behov av tidiga förebyggande stödåtgärder. I likhet med tidigare rapporter så rekommenderar vi fortsatt kartläggning och behovsanalys av riskfaktorer, parallellt med att ökad kunskap om vad som fungerar bra och vad som kan ha betydelse för ökad genom-strömning tydligt lyfts fram.

Dessutom innehåller denna rapport ett utvidgat avsnitt när det gäller forskning med fokus på breddat deltagande, studieframgång och riskfaktorer för avhopp. Dessa aspekter är centrala i universitetets kvalitetsarbete.

Digitalization transforms the design, construction and operation of buildings and brings promises of integrated information exchange, ease of communication and productivity improvements for the whole construction sector. These promises depend significantly on the establishment of common information standards, i.e. rules and classification of information. However, despite rigorous efforts on development of standards and considerable technology advancements, standards are not yet fully adopted in construction and benefits from digitalization are not fully capitalized. The objective of this study is to review the adoption of standards and business model renewal for industrialized suppliers of precast concrete elements, with the purpose of reaching enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of standards adoption and business model renewal. The study identifies driving forces for adoption of standards that counteract with arguments for business renewal, explained in terms of a market versus a hierarchy approach in this context. The market approach promotes adoption of open standards for enhanced competition, ease of communication and information exchange as well as improved utilization of industrialized construction. The existing lack of common standards for precast elements, identified in this study, render e.g. waste due to structural re-design and liability uncertainties. However, on a market with open standards, the precast suppliers find it difficult to fully utilize and benefit from their existing operational platforms. Precast supplier search for adoption of the whole value chain of precast structural frameworks, i.e. a hierarchy approach, to protect their market position and maintain their business offerings of complete structural frameworks that include design, manufacturing, logistical services as well as on-site assembly. The integrated hierarchy approach concurs with arguments for industrialized construction, i.e. collecting experiences from design, manufacturing, logistics and assembly as a basis for continuous improvements. The study thus contributes to the understanding of drivers and impediments for adoption of standards versus business renewal in construction.

The shipbuilding, automotive and aerospace industries are examples of industries offering product service systems (PSS) to their customers, i.e. they combine physical products with services to add increased value. While product service systems are well established in many manufacturing industries, it has barely emerged in the fragmented and project-based organisation of construction. The objective of this study is to identify and critically review examples of product service systems in construction supply chains, with the purpose of describing how it challenges prevailing business systems and organisation of construction work. The study rests upon two case studies carried out at Gyproc Saint-Gobain in Denmark and Celsa Steel Service in Sweden. The findings reveal significant challenges related to the implementation and marketing of the product service systems provided. Companies that develop and expand their business offers by providing new product service systems tend to find themselves operating in two parallel market segments, i.e. the traditional market of construction components and the new market of product service systems. The PSS-offers reviewed in the case studies show a strong focus and emphasis on the development of the offer and the operational platform, while the companies’ market positions remain unchanged. Thus, the case study companies organise and operate their businesses and market relations as before the implementation of the product service system. The conclusion is that development and implementation of product service systems in construction supply chains requires awareness in the companies’ offer of products and services, well-established operational platforms, and particularly, a renewed market position.

The shipbuilding, automotive and aerospace industries are examples of industries offering product service systems (PSS) to their customers, i.e. they combine physical products with services to add increased value. While product service systems are well established in many manufacturing industries, it has barley emerged in construction, which is mainly explained by the well-established project-based organisation of construction work. Thus, implementation of product and service systems in construction will challenge the established utilisation of technical solutions and systems, production processes and supply chains. The objective of this study is to identify and critically review examples of product service systems in construction supply chains, with the purpose of describing how it challenges prevailing business systems and organisation of construction work. The study rests upon empirical data collected in two case studies at Gyproc Saint-Gobain in Denmark and Celsa Steel Service in Sweden. The two case studies reveal significant challenges related to the implementation and marketing processes of product service systems. Companies that develop and expand their business offers by providing new product service systems find themselves operating in two parallel market segments, i.e. the traditional market of construction components and the new market of product service systems. The product service systems reviewed in the two case studies show a strong focus and emphasis on the development of the offer and the operational platform, while the companies’ roles and market positions remain unchanged. Thus, the case study companies organise and operate their businesses and market relations as before the implementation of the product service system. The conclusion is that development and implementation of product service systems in construction supply chains, even at the low end of product complexity represented by single building components, require awareness in the companies’ offer of products and services, development in operational platforms as well as clear market position.

Today, digitalization is the single most significant change factor for the construction sector as well as for society in general, which will bring new opportunities for intelligent and sustainable cities, efficient management of available resources and a general reduction of carbon emissions. Digitalization will enable continuous and integrated information exchange between all actors of the construction process. The development of an integrated digital information infrastructure for the construction sector will reach beyond the traditional project process and e.g. include the urban planning processes, where geographical information systems (GIS) are currently used, and the manufacturing processes of industrialized construction where e.g. product data management (PDM) systems constitute the product information platform. This study provides a survey of the interface between industrialized and project based construction from an information and business relation perspective. The purpose and main objectives of the study are to review and map the current information exchange between industrialized and project based construction in order to identify existing and potential areas of digitalization and standardization for improved information flow. The survey finds that industrial suppliers still frequently use company specific product standards, that PDF-, Word- or Excel-files constitute the normally used file format and that recurrent restructuring and re-entering of information from one system to another characterize the information exchange. Further, contractors approach industrialized construction in three distinctive ways, and express a generally growing interest for industrialized construction, which include closer and more long-term business relations with industrial suppliers. Despite the identified problems of information exchange and lack of common standards, the survey concludes that improved business relations provides the most urgent area of development in order to better integrate the industrialized and project based construction.