The overall objective of this essay is to provide a general understanding of how religion can influence on public health issues. We spent two and a half month in Honduras with the goal to achieve an understanding of the influence of religion on public health issues and public health work. In the particular case of Honduras the purpose is to discuss how the Catholic Church influences reproductive health in Honduras. It is a qualitative study and the result is based on information gathered in one-on-one interviews. As a way to find out how the Catholic Church influences reproductive health in the country we interviewed the staff of the main actors involved in the work with reproductive health, as well as two Catholic organizations. There is a conflict between the Catholic Church and the Non-Catholic organizations working with reproductive health. Almost all of the Non-Catholic organizations view the Catholic Church, with focus on the two Catholic organizations, Pro Vida and Opus Dei, as an obstacle in the work with improving the reproductive health in the population. From a power theory perspective we reach the conclusion that there is a visible conflict between the interests of the Catholic Church and the interests of the Honduran population and that the Catholic Church exercises power over the population by intruding on their reproductive rights. However, how the Catholic Church influences reproductive health matters needs to be further investigated.