Purpose

To increase the understanding of how entrepreneurship education impacts entrepreneurial careers, the purpose of the paper is to investigate the role that a venture creation program (VCP) might have in mitigating or surpassing a lack of other antecedents of entrepreneurial careers. In particular, the authors focus on entrepreneurial pedigree and prior entrepreneurial experience.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from graduates of VCPs at three universities in Northern Europe were collected through an online survey. Questions addressed graduate background prior to education, yearly occupational employment subsequent to graduation and graduates' own perceptions of entrepreneurial activity in employment positions. The survey was sent to 1,326 graduates and received 692 responses (52.2% response rate).

Findings

The type of VCP, either independent (Ind-VCP) or corporate venture creation (Corp-VCP), influenced the mitigation of prior entrepreneurial experience. Prior entrepreneurial experience, together with Ind-VCP, made a career as self-employed more likely. However, this was not the case for Corp-VCP in subsequently choosing intrapreneurial careers. Entrepreneurial pedigree had no significant effect on career choice other than for hybrid careers.

Research limitations/implications

Entrepreneurial experience gained from VCPs seems to influence graduates toward future entrepreneurial careers. Evidence supports the conclusion that many VCP graduates who lack prior entrepreneurial experience or entrepreneurial pedigree can develop sufficient entrepreneurial competencies through the program.

Originality/value

This study offers novel evidence that entrepreneurship education can compensate for a lack of prior entrepreneurial experience and exposure for students preparing for entrepreneurial careers.

Forskningen om sista milens leveranskedja inom e-handel pekar på behovet av att anpassa sig till den komplexa processen med olika leveransstrukturer och leveransalternativ. Utmaningar som kostnader, hållbarhet och konsumentförväntningar kräver samarbete mellan e-handelsföretag och transportföretag för att säkerställa en positiv konsumentupplevelse och effektiv leverans. Hemleverans, paketskåp och postombud möter olika behov hos konsumenterna, medan tydlig information, flexibilitet, snabbhet och bekväma leveransalternativ är viktiga enligt konsumenternas perspektiv. Utmaningar inkluderar misslyckade leveranser, ökade kostnader och behovet av att möta konsumenternas förväntningar för att undvika förlorade intäkter och konsumentnöjdhet.

Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka hur transportföretag genom samarbete med e-handelsföretag tillgodoser och påverkar konsumenternas val av leveransalternativ i en sista milen leveranskedja. Dessutom syftar studien till att undersöka konsumenternas reflektioner om leveransalternativen. Studien genomfördes genom en kvalitativ metod där vi utförde semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta personer. Två personer på ledande positioner inom transportföretaget och sex personer som är konsumenter för e-handelsföretaget. Vårt empiriska kapitel utgår från respondenternas material och datainsamling från webbplatser.  

Studiens resultat visar att sista milens leveranser inom e-handel inför många utmaningar och krav, särskilt med ökande efterfrågan på effektiva leveranser. Närmare relationer med slutkonsumenter är nödvändigt för att möta dessa krav. Genom att erbjuda olika leveransalternativ, som hemleveranser och paketskåp, kan företag som H&M och PostNord öka konsumentnöjdheten. Tydlig kommunikation och samarbete mellan e-handelsföretag och transportföretag är avgörande för att säkerställa en positiv konsumentupplevelse. Slutligen är konsumenternas reflektioner viktiga för att kunna erbjuda rätt leveransalternativ. De uppskattar flexibilitet, möjlighet att jämföra priser, och tydlig information. Konsumenter värdesätter snabbhet, flexibilitet, kostnad och bekvämlighet högt när de väljer leveransalternativ. 

The revitalisation and regeneration of streets is a multi-faceted process aimed at breathing new life into urban areas, enhancing their functionality, attractiveness, and economic viability. This concept has gained significant attention from urban planners, policymakers, and community stakeholders seeking to address issues such as urban decay, blight and declining economic activity in cities. Several approaches and strategies have been employed to revitalise and regenerate streets, drawing from principles of urban design, placemaking, and community development (Lydon & Garcia, 2015). Streets have become important components of cities as they function as more than just connecting corridors; they are vital arteries constantly being reproduced and revitalised through the lived experiences of individuals who cross them on a daily basis. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a discernible global trend wherein urban waterfront redevelopment has garnered significant attention within major metropolitan centres. Once overlooked, these urban waterfront areas have transformed, emerging as pivotal loci for social, recreational, and economic endeavours. 

This study explores the revitalisation and regeneration of urban streets, with a focus on Skeppsbron Street, which is an urban waterfront street in Malmö, Sweden. The research in order to evaluate the current conditions of this street and propose strategies to transform it into a vibrant, sustainable, and socially engaging urban space which originates from the two main goals of the research as follows:

1.     Investigating and evaluating the significance of focusing on urban streets in the process of revitalising and regenerating urban areas.

2.     Identifying and introducing a set of influential factors in design will encourage as many people as possible to participate in and be present in the city's street scene, thereby creating a lively and dynamic society.

By employing qualitative methods, including interviews, direct observations, and literature review, the study investigates the role of urban streets as vital public spaces that foster social interaction and community engagement. Drawing upon established urban theories from scholars such as Jane Jacobs, William H. Whyte, Allan B. Jacobs, Jan Gehl, and Donald Appleyard, the research highlights the importance of public space design in the processes of urban street regeneration and revitalisation.

The case study of Skeppsbron Street reveals that, despite its historical significance and strategic location, the street has not fully realised its potential as a dynamic public space. The analysis identifies key challenges, such as limited pedestrian activity and underutilised spaces, which hinder the street's ability to serve as a lively urban environment. To address these issues, the study proposes a set of regenerative strategies, including the activation of land use along the street edge, the introduction of temporary uses, and the enhancement of seasonal vegetation. These strategies aim to increase the street's attractiveness and functionality, thereby encouraging greater public participation and enhancing the overall urban experience.

By examining the current conditions of Skeppsbron Street and identifying potential regenerative elements, this study aims to provide insights into effective strategies for transforming urban streets into dynamic public spaces. The findings will contribute to the broader discourse on urban street revitalisation, offering practical recommendations for creating more sustainable, liveable, and engaging urban environments. 

This research report aims to investigate and analyze the extensive ethical factors that influence the decision-making process in nature intervention. Specifically, we examine the moral and practical dilemmas that can arise in such decisions, which are often complex and difficult to manage. 

The purpose of this report is to enhance understanding of the role that ethics plays and should play in environmental conservation, particularly in relation to perspectives on the value of nature and the ethical positions taken by decision-makers. By conducting a scientific study using a systematic literature review and interviews, we have been able to obtain a broader understanding of the answer to our research question: "Where should the limit be placed on human intervention in nature?" There is a difference in focus between content analysis and interviews, with the former tending to have a more practical orientation and the latter having a more ethical orientation. This creates an impression of divergent directions in the written material. The various methods used in the research, namely the systematic literature review and interviews, yielded different insights. However, rather than finding a definitive solution, we have discovered that different methods and the state of knowledge in the field generate different insights, indicating that there is no simple answer. 

By analyzing and discussing the obtained results in this report, we hope to contribute to a more nuanced and informed debate on the ethical aspects of nature intervention. We emphasize the importance of continued research and knowledge development in this area to better address the complex and sometimes contradictory issues that arise in decision-making regarding the conservation and utilization of nature. 

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) was ratified by Sweden in 1990 and has ever since been imprinted in spatial planning through the application of the concept of child perspective. Malmö city’s vision as the child-friendly city, will offer both, good growing-up conditions for children and good living environments for families with children. To achieve this, the master plans of the city show that both child perspective and children’s perspective should be taken into account. In decision-making processes, detailed plans show that the children's perspective is taken into account when planning preschools but very little about children's living environments (Malmö stad, 2012; 2014; 2018).

The third article of the UNCRC, which constitutes the most important principle of the Convention, states that the Best Interests of the Child (BIC) shall be a primary consideration in all decisions concerning an individual child or children in a group. With the increased urbanization and a densification strategy in Swedish cities today, it is important for the society to safeguard good growing-up environments for children. Residential yard is an urban space that shrinks as a result of the densification, which means that children's space for their playing environment, the proximity to adults and the home, is endangered. The residential yard needs to be a safe and satisfactory environment that offers enough space for children to be able to play freely.

Since the UNCRC became a Swedish law on the 1st of January 2020, this has an even greater impact in applying the law (Unicef, 2020). This makes it interesting for the study to examine how planners consider BIC when planning residential yards in Malmö. Previous research describes the role of the residential yard and why this environment is especially important for children. We have chosen to define BIC when planning residential yards by using the following concepts: the child perspective and children's perspective, a good playing environment and the security. Through interviews with planning architects from Malmö’s City Planning Office “Stadsbyggnadskontoret”, this study achieves a better understanding for how planners consider child perspective in the planning process. The theories for this research have been used to examine two physical projects, which both were approved before the UNCRC became a law. In order to achieve a deeper understanding of the difficulties in applying the UNCRC in spatial planning, the research is also applying two public investigations. By that, the study focuses on what difficulties there are with the application of the articles of the UNCRC and how these should be taken into account when planning residential yards in Malmö.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to deepen the knowledge and understanding of the strategies “just in time” and “freight pooling” in logistics management in the food industry. In order to answer the purpose, we had two different research questions. The questions are about what advantages and disadvantages there are with these strategies in the food industry. The study is conducted in a qualitative way where the interviews and observations are used to deepen the knowledge of how an organization in food industries uses the strategies “just in time” and “freight pooling”. The previous science shows that there are some advantages with these strategies but also disantvages that the organization should have in mind and work with so that they do not happen. The study shows that the organization this study was conducted on where very successful in implementing these strategies and they experienced many advantages by using “just in time” and “freight pooling”. The organization this study was conducted on were really cautious with the possible setbacks that the strategies can so they emphasized that they need to work really close with all the involved parties so that they can minimize the risk for the disadvantages to happen. 

Keywords: just in time, pooling, logistic strategies, transport optimization, food supply chain

The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of and knowledge about the meaning of a present leadership from an employee perspective and to identify which expectations employees have of a present leader. The meaning of a present leadership is a relatively unexplored area, shown by previous research. Qualitative method has been used in the study, in order to be able to analyze the empirical material and answer the aim and  purpose questions of the study. In order to define the work, the focus has been on public HVB operations, the data material consists of interviews with employees from different public HVB. The results of the study show that there are several important factors, such as physical presence, mental presence, trust and relationships, participation, confirmation, openness and receptivity, that are significant for a present leadership. The meaning of a present leadership differs between the respondents of the study, even if some of them have similar perceptions. Based on a constructivist theory, it can be concluded that employees' ideas about present leadership are based, to a large extent, on the concept of leadership, which is something that is constructed by  each individual by themselves. This leads them to creating their own expectations of their managers and how a manager should exercise leadership. 

Purpose: The pursuance of the sustainable development goals, introduced by the United Nations in2015, is of absolute necessity to build a sustainable future. Resilience-based crisis management helps tosustain an organisation and pursue its goal during crises. The aim of this research was to explore thestatus quo of resilience-based crisis management within public primary- and secondary schools in theNetherlands during school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the aim was todiscover which measures were in place to safeguard the provision of SDG 4. The exploration took placeto observe the adaptation capabilities within the educational sector, which could safeguard the provisionof SDG 4.

Methodology: The aim was pursued by a qualitative approach. 17 semi-structured interviews with 18people were conducted during the time of the immediate Coronavirus crisis. All interviewees heldpositions within the crisis management of primary- and secondary schools in the Netherlands. Theinterviews were then analysed by the two researchers using thematic content analysis.

Results: The results suggest that:(a) Crisis management structures in the schools foster resilience, yet, leave room for improvement;(b) Crisis management processes to foster resilience are present in the schools, however, the extentvaries and especially the pre-crisis actions were limited;(c) The sustainable development goals, especially the content of SDG 4, are little known in the schools;(d) Actions and measures to provide equitable and qualitative education during the temporary schoolclosures are in place.

Implications: This research adds to the young field of crisis management within schools during schoolclosures as well as the provision of SDG 4 during crises through resilience-based crisis management.Since this research is of exploratory nature, many future research opportunities derive from this research.Furthermore, it discovered the strengths and challenges of the Dutch primary and secondary educationsector and gives room for development through education on SDG 4 and resilience-based crisismanagement.

Drawing on Foucault’s writings on power, neoliberalism, and the dispositive, this article analyses the identity politics that is immanent in a new collaborative practice between the public and private sector called public-private innovation (PPI). We argue that PPI is an element in actualizing a neoliberal market dispositive through inclining subjects to work on themselves in order to actualize their entrepreneurial self, thereby disconnecting them from their public service identity. The construction of two narratives supports the constitution of the political space of PPI: the fiery soul narrative and the need narrative. An important part of this identity politics is the construction of the narrative of the individual entrepreneur. Rather than expressing new public governance in the public sector, PPI actualizes a dispositive that marketizes public services as part of a neoliberal agenda. The narrative of PPI distracts from the marketization of public sector and leaves no other space for public-sector employees than to constitute themselves within contradictory feelings of enthusiasm and anxiety, determination and self-blame, responsibility and inadequacy, and bustle and confusion.

Green spaces in urban areas contribute with many key functions that are vital for both animals and humans, such as biodiversity, ecosystem services and positive health effects. However, the existence of green spaces and their functions are threatened by the rapid global urbanization that is causing land use changes. According to the City of Gothenburg’s local environmental goals, the city aims to become ecologically sustainable by the year of 2030 through increased biodiversity and nature conservation. Gothenburg has been named as Sweden's greenest city, although the green spaces in Gothenburg have decreased between the years 1986–2019 and will continue to decline due to exploitation. The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis was thus to increase knowledge about what stimulates decisions that cause a reduction of green spaces in Gothenburg despite set conservation goals, which was a neglected research area. To achieve the purpose, an inductive qualitative method was used with semi-structured interviews. The results were analyzed through theories of environmental psychology, environmental ethics and policy, namely values, goal-framing theory, value pluralism and wicked problems. The study concluded that Gothenburg's urban planning included several wicked problems and value conflicts that were expressed through goal conflicts, which negatively affected Gothenburg’s green spaces. Furthermore, strong hedonistic and egoistic values as well as gain goals, also had a negative impact on the existence of Gothenburg's green spaces.

Drawing on interviews with selected UK planning academics and survey results from current planning practitioners, this article provides valuable and timely perspectives on how internationalisation is experienced by those within and beyond the immediate institutional context. Although internationally focused planning education helps planners tackle the manifold urban challenges in the global South, the article goes on to argue that relational approaches hold much promise for planners working in so-called developed countries, including the UK, to understand the diverse needs of different diasporic communities. Such knowledge is crucial to develop sustainable planning solutions in the face of uneven processes of urban development.

Developing and building cities in a sustainable way is essential in modern day planning. A huge factor that influences this is the transport sector. The growing discourse of sustainable mobility is transport researchers answer to this but the lack of a social sustainability  perspective motivates research in relation to transport equality. The aim of this thesis is to increase the understanding of transport equality in Scania and contribute with insights primarily of how planning measures can be developed and consequences managed. To investigate the phenomenon, we look at how the sustainable mobility discourse affects transport equality with a focus on Scanias rural areas. We mainly examine cycling and public transport as two sustainable means of transport and how various priorities between and within these modes affect equality. Through interviews with both planners and travellers we establish an understanding of the phenomenon from two different perspectives. The study shows that general goals for increased share of travels by bicycle and public transport are governing traffic planning in Scania. Based on this, we argue that sustainable mobility is considerably more influential than the transport equality perspective. One strategy that clearly shows this is the dominance of the ridership goal in public transport planning. Geographical coverage has a lower priority compared to increasing the share of travels. The study concludes that there is a car dependency in rural Scania. The car is considered the obvious mode of transport due to flexibility, dangerous cycling conditions and the limited range of public transport. The poor public transport service can be seen as a direct result of the ridership goal. Resources from routes with less demand are reallocated to stronger routes and rural traffic is negatively affected as a result. There is also an understanding among travellers that service along rural routes are expensive and therefore not as justified by planners. However, this understanding among travellers is not accepted in the same way when it comes to the limited bicycle infrastructure. There is a strong wish for improved bicycle connections between small towns and cities, however the study reveals legal and organisational obstacles to the construction of bicycle infrastructure outside urban areas. 

In recent years, sustainability has become an important subject that is constantly discussed because it is a central part of the future development. The starting point for sustainable development began with the United Nations (UN) Agenda 2030. Malmö stad is one of many that works actively based on the action plan Agenda 2030 with sustainable development to develop the growing Malmö in a sustainable direction. In connection with the growing city of Malmö, the need for green environments increases, as green environments have many advantages and affect people positively. Malmö stads green planning therefore becomes an important part of the work for sustainability..

The purpose of the essay is to gain a greater understanding of how Malmö stad works with green planning, as well as analyze green planning at the municipal level for increasing people's health and well-being in the city. The purpose is to be achieved through a qualitative case study that includes a design process that leads to a design proposal for Varvsstaden.

The qualitative case study is the starting point for investigating Malmö stads work with green planning. The case study provides the opportunity to use several methods of collecting empirical material. Four methods within the case study were used: document study, archival study, field study and a design process. Document study, where relevant information on the subject was collected. Archive study, where analyzes of detailed plans and other drawing materials were made to gain a broader understanding of the planning in Varvsstaden. Field study, where observations were made on several occasions in Varvsstaden to obtain direct information that lays the foundation for the work. The design process on Varvsstaden creates a better understanding and generates new insights into green planning in Malmö.

The study shows that there are many aspects to consider when planning an area. There are many documents, which are constantly updated and renewed. These documents must all be taken into account when planning an area. The study also shows that it is not possible to plan greenery only on the basis of the social dimension. Dividing sustainability into three dimensions is not optimal for creating a complex proposal because they are interdependent and closely interrelated.

The rise of crowdsourcing practices has revolutionized the way in which organizational tasks can be performed. One application of crowdsourcing that has been receiving growing attention over the past decade is using the crowd to collect environmental data that is needed to monitor, manage and predict environmental events. Most projects are still in their initial stages and since these projects often require high levels of citizen participation, there is a need to better understand the motivations for individuals to(dis)engage in these crowdsourcing projects, especially when long-term participation is required. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to explore the motivations of individuals that participated in a crowdsourcing project for environmental data collection. Building on Self-Determination Theory, Social Exchange Theory and Social Identity theory, a case was studied of an organization that successfully motivated citizens from all over the world to use their drones to collect geographic climate data. In total, ten interviews were conducted with the drone-operators. The findings suggest that participants felt intrinsically motivated to engage because they wanted to do good, cared about climate change and were passionate about flying drones. Additionally, they experienced extrinsic motivations such as the possibility of gaining future job offers, recognition, and experience. Moreover, since participation was deemed relatively easy and straightforward, costs of participation were low and outweighed by the benefits. Finally, feeling part of a wider community made the participants more motivated to engage. Using crowdsourcing to collect environmental data on a wider spatiotemporal scale can help guide policy-making that mitigates or manages the impacts of climate change. Future projects would benefit from more and diversified research that support the design of long-term participation schemes, as the success of the projects depends on the level of citizen engagement.

Denna studie fokuserar på obalansen av containertillgången mellan Kina, Europa och USA. Företag inom containerindustrin i Kina har en låg tillgång på containrar men en hög efterfrågan, medan företagen försöker få tillgång till ett högre utbud av containrar kämpar USA med att tillgodose företagens efterfrågan i Kina. Studien identifiera de huvudsakliga orsakerna som kommer hjälpa till för att förstå varför det har uppstått en containerbrist i Kina, med fokus på konsekvenserna som uppkommit utifrån dessa bidragande faktorer. 

Det finns problem gällande distributionen med containerfrakt vilket skapar oro gällande hanteringen av tomma containrar och hur de ska bli ompositionerade. Detta resulterar i en obalans av containrar inom vissa sektorer. Industrin inom Kina har haft produktionsstopp längre än förväntat på grund av pandemin vilket är orsaken till att den ökade produktionen satte stor press på hamnarna i Kina efter att nedstängningen var över. En annan orsak är att hamnar i USA blivit utsatta för pandemin, vilket i sin tur skapat en personalbrist och fartyg tvingades till att köa för att bli avlastade. Ytterligare en orsak fokuserar på Suezkanalen och hur ett fartyg blockerade hela kanalen, vilket orsakade förseningar och resursförluster för de inblandade parterna. 

En konsekvens av den ökande efterfrågan på containerfrakt är att priset för frakten blir dyrare, vilket i sin tur kan påverka varornas pris då risken finns att specifikt priset kan stiga. Kinas exportföretag har skickat färre containrar som en direkt konsekvens av deras produktionsstopp vid det kinesiska nyåret, en konsekvens av den minskade exporten av containrar är att Kinas företag stöter på logistiska problem gällande att kunna möta efterfrågan på containerfrakt. En ytterligare konsekvens handlar om att tomma containrar spenderar mer tid ute på havet än vanligt gods, vilket orsakar obalanser gällande utbudet på containrar i världen. Gällande stoppet i Suezkanalen kommer de långvariga konsekvenserna kvarstå framöver gällande förseningar på transporter. 

Purpose - In order to capture the implications of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted in-depth interviews with 8 middle level managers employed at a Large Enterprise based in Sweden. 

Problem - The influence of the middle managers on change management initiatives is prominent. We conducted this research regarding remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to understand the managerial perspective on the phenomenon. 

Method - We have adopted a qualitative research method and utilized social constructivism for the analysis of the interviews. We applied the theories of change management and dynamic managerial capabilities to the empirical data that we collected through in-depth interviews. 

Results - The results of the analysis include the middle management perspective on change management, in our case; the impact of switching to remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research has provided us with their subjective perspective on remote work, as well as related issues regarding organizational changes in general.

Conclusion - Finally, we reflect on the perspectives that we gained through the interviews and discuss the limitations of this thesis, as well as further research possibilities.

In Sweden, the real estate agent plays the role of an unbiased intermediary, which sets it apart from many other European countries. However, there are differences in the real estate agent's role as an intermediary in neighboring Denmark. This qualitative study aims to investigate the reasons behind these differences in the two Scandinavian countries and identify transaction costs based on the different roles of the real estate agent. The study will gather information about each country through various sources, including comparative studies, relevant laws, and international comparisons. Additionally, four semi-structured interviews will be conducted with knowledgeable representatives from each country to gain further insights on the topic.

The study's primary findings indicate that the consumer protection laws in Sweden and Denmark are developed from different perspectives. In Sweden, consumer protection laws aim to equally protect both parties involved in the mediation process. In contrast, Denmark's consumer protection laws place a greater emphasis on protecting the buyer. Another reason for the differences in the two countries could be Denmark's potential influence from other European nations, such as Germany and Great Britain.

The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the outcome of the urban projects in the district Rosengård, an area that is usually described as segregated or exposed. Our thesis is above all an analysis of what made these projects succeed or fail and which factors played a role in the execution of the projects. The study has analyzed if the architectural design has been adapted to the cultural framework existing in Rosengård. We have also discussed if there are other factors that have contributed to the Rosengård district becoming more or less integrated with the remaining parts of Malmö. We have ultimately compared these projects to the upcoming project Culture Casbah and what could be improved in its process.

To get answers to our questions we chose to use mixed methods which include both quantitative and qualitative approaches. We practiced surveys with closed questions, interviews, and behavioral observations as well as ethnographic field studies. Previous projects that we have investigated are Bennetts Bazaar, Örtagårdstorget, and Rosens Röda Matta. These projects are places that have been activated around the path of Rosengårdsstråket, which is a project created after a major investment program called ”Projekt hållbar stadsomvandling - Fokus Rosengård.” The upcoming project that we have analyzed is Culture Casbah that will also be located along the path of Rosengårdsstråket.

To support our thesis, we have used Jan Gehl’s theories and concepts as a basis, which sheds light on the problems in our study when it comes to how people move around an urban area. We have also used Yi-Fu Tuan’s theory ”Topophilia’’ which highlights the individual’s emotional connection to the environment. Rosengård has undergone great development for years. This development has contributed to a constant change in how the area should be elaborated and become a safer and more attractive public place for everyone.

As a result of our research, visualization images were produced. These pictures show a different form of design in the three selected places at Rosengård where you can open up the area and provide space for activities that attract people. But also where you can create a place where multiculturalism takes shape at the same time as Swedish culture is introduced in a welcoming way. The visualizations were developed as a proposal for problem-solving for shortcomings that emerged during the work.

The Silica monolith particles (SMP) were prepared from Tetra-Methyl-Ortho-Silicate (TMOS) and characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and surface area analyzer. FTIR analysis showed the Si-O stretching confirming SMP formation. SEM analysis provided information about the mean diameter of SMP (1-5 mu m). EDX confirmed the presence of silicon and oxygen in the SMP. Moreover, the calculated surface area for SMP was found to be around 367 m(2)/g, whereas BJH pore size distributed particles were 87.15 along with the total pore volume and pore radius of 0.073 cm(3)/g and 16.627 & ANGS;, respectively. Besides, the removal efficiency was found to be about 96%. Various kinetic equations were used to calculate the adsorption parameters. Overall, the results show that the most appropriate model for the kinetics data was the pseudo-second order kinetics model while the mechanism of adsorption was best explained by the Langmuir isotherm. The highest removal of Basic Red 5 dye after 120 min at 298 K was 576 mg/g. Moreover, the thermodynamics parameters (Enthalpy, Gibb's energy, and Entropy) were also estimated. The & UDelta;H & DEG; (0.995 kJ/mol) value depicted the endothermic nature of the process. The non-spontaneous aspect of the process was evident from the & UDelta;G & DEG; values which were 60.431, 328.93, and 339.5 kJ/mol at 293, 303, and 313 K, respectively. From the high removal efficiency value, it can be concluded that the prepared adsorbent can be a potential adsorbent in the reclamation of dyes from wastewater.</p>

With increasing urban expansion and rising global demand for food production, integrating aquaponics within the urban contexts can be considered an alternative sustainable solution to enrich the local production and self-sufficiency. In this research, we aim to study the aquaponics system and provide a design guide for implementing the urban version of the system in the city of Malmo. The design guide will be also practically tested in a form of an architectural proposal at the end of the research. To reach the results, various case studies and academic research were investigated. In addition to other qualitative and quantitative methodologies, such as interviews, questionnaire, and ethnographic studies that contributed to making progress during the research’s different phases. The analysis of data was to generate sustainable bases for urban aquaponics that go in line with the city’s conditions and citizens’ aspirations. Accordingly, several methods and techniques were deducted to be used for the sustainable integration of the aquaponics system within the urban context of Malmo. Nevertheless, the integration process can contribute to including other operations with the aim of increasing aquaponics sustainability and solving urban issues within the context. However, the design guide produced in this paper is mainly for the city of Malmo, but it can be adjusted to other social and geographical contexts. 

This thesis aims to investigate whether it is possible to achieve neutrality between two selected forms of tenancy, condominium and tenancy. A risk perspective is assumed in the thesis and its starting point is thus to compare the significant risks with condominium compared tenancy. The fundamental rights and obligations in each form of lease are claimed and the risks are presented accordingly. The risks for condominiums are significantly more and include hidden collateral, duty to investigate, confiscation, the tenant-owner association's finances and competition in tenant-owner associations. Certain problems exist mainly in the regulation of mortgages in condominiums, as there is no authority-regulated system. Condominiums associations that have been declared bankrupt are also a problematic area as the law does not regulate who has the right to apply for bankruptcy for tenant-owner associations. The person affected by the various risks is taken in a language from a buyer's perspective. Risk aspects for condominiums then compare with the risks that exist when holding a tenancy. The risks are considered to be significantly fewer and are summed up in two points, confiscation and expropriation. The meaning of the neutrality goal is described in detail and is defined in summary as a principle in Swedish housing policy that has been invented to achieve equal taxation for the various forms of tenancy. The essay concluded is that the survey suggests that the risks that a condominium is a comprehensive comparison with the risks that exist for tenancy. Which can contribute to a neutrality becoming difficult to achieve. However, in-depth research and further analysis on the subject is needed to establish this with certainty.

The built environment in the old city of Homs has been brutally destroyed by the conflict in Syria. The research gap in post-conflict planning and architectural design in the old city of Homs is alarming as it indicates that there are no clear roadmaps on how to deal with post-conflict housing units in such a historic area. This study aims to investigate the possible design basis of housing typologies and plans for the housing units in the old city after the conflict.

This study is primarily based on a literature review and extensive discussions with a specialist architect from the city of Homs, who helped to gain a deeper understanding of how to approach such a topic. The literature review deals with the historical Arab cities’ components and the elements of courtyard houses both in general and in the old city of Homs in particular. Likewise, it looks at the city’s urban plans and building code and their shortcomings and highlights the current conditions there. It also highlights proposed strategies for post-conflict construction and discusses them.

The findings of the study propose a design ideology for reconstruction strategies and translate these ideologies and findings from the literature into a practical design of typologies placed on a proposed plot of land in the old city, along with a proposal of what the plans of these houses might look like.

Genom en kartläggning av Höganäs framkommer hur en lokal naturresurs påverkar stadens framväxt och identitet, såväl lokalt som globalt. Undersökningen tar sin utgångspunkt i Lera, ett material som systematiskt utvunnits över hela Kullahalvön under 150 år. I spåren av gruvindustrin fortsätter Höganäs utvecklas ur Lera.

Abstract 

This thesis is based on the problems surrounding the building permit process that many in the construction industry is experiencing. When you are going to build something new, change a building or demolish a building, you need a building permit from the municipality where the measure is to be carried out.

The purpose of the work is to identify the shortcomings that applicants in Malmö municipality experience with the building permit process. And what building permit applicants in Malmö municipality experienced were good and bad with their case and building permit process. Some shortcomings are long processing times, which is a problem and problem with drawings and documents, as well as other problems during the building permit process. The purpose is also to see what solutions are available to these problems, and solutions to shorten the processing times and have a more efficient building permit process.

Several methods have been used to identify the perceived shortcomings in the municipality's building permit process. The study is partly based on an interview with Malmö municipality building permit officer which was conducted orally, and partly on a questionnaire that was sent to private individuals to find out which steps in the building permit process they found difficult to perform. Information about applicants comes from Malmö Municipality's city planning office during public documents. The questionnaire was sent out via email to 102 private individuals who applied for a building permit between the years 2019-2021. 19 people participated, which corresponds to a response rate of 18.6%. The types of building permits that have been investigated are new construction of ancillary buildings, extensions of ancillary buildings and extensions of detached houses.

The results from the study have led to suggestions for improvement measures, based on the questionnaire responses, five major areas in the process were identified as insufficient. Many had problems with long processing times, there are many who apply for a building permit even if the municipality adheres to statutory processing times. If the municipality were to employ more staff, it could help to shorten the processing time, but it takes a lot of money to complete and there should be people to hire. Many also find it difficult to know which documents and drawings will be submitted with the application to the municipality, which some often consider to be unreasonably many requirements and documentation. Another problem is that private individuals can submit applications and drawings even if they do not have previous knowledge of the construction environment or architecture. Applications must be checked by a professional before the case is submitted to the municipality. The last area that many considered to be a problem is contact and communication with the building permit officer or the municipality. Many find it difficult to get in touch with administrators. A better communication system is needed as this usually takes time when external parties need to be involved in a case.

Keywords: Building permit, Building permit process, Building permit documents, Complete documents, Malmö municipality, Planning and Building Act, National Board of Housing, Building and Planning, application process   

Rapporten ger en historisk genomlysning och kartläggning av allmännyttans utveckling i Malmö och Göteborg, och syftar vidare till att förklara de likheter och skillnader som idag finns mellan företagen och deras bostadsbestånd i de båda städerna. Bland annat belyses varför de allmännyttiga bostäderna i Malmö är samlade under ett och samma kommunala företag, medan det i Göteborg finns ett flertal företag. Genom en analys av historiska skeenden i städerna dras slutsatser kring såväl de allmännyttiga bostädernas nuvarande marknadsandelar och geografiska placeringar som den organisatoriska utformningen av de kommunala bostadsföretagen.

Since the 1990s sustainability has been a keyword in all kinds of development. Urban planning is not an exception. The three most common aspects of sustainable development are economic, social, and ecological. However, there are many academics that claim that these three aspects are not prioritized equally. Patsy Healey (2007) among others argues that the economical aspect is hegemony and that sustainable social and ecological development is dependent on economic measures.

The purpose of this thesis is to study the planning and implementation of a new public transport system in Cape Town, South Africa, and to investigate how it relates to sustainable social development in particular. This since Cape Town has a long history of segregation of different groups, and today there are large income inequalities and geographical distances that increase the social exclusion in the city.

The theoretical framework is concentrated into three themes; Social justice and equity in public transport planning, accessibility and mobility, and finally, social exclusion. The empirical data is collected with a qualitative method in the form of a case study.

We can conclude that even though the notion of investing in public transport to combat social exclusion is present in the planning documents in Cape Town, the implementation and investments in the new public transport system do not always follow the documents’ principles. This contributes to little or no change regarding social exclusion in Cape Town.

The aim of this paper is to improve the knowledge of collaborative challenges when planning and implementing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). Collaborative challenges are here understood as the barriers that may arise in BRT planning and implementation as a consequence of several formally independent actors, occasionally with different interests, participating in the planning. The results are based on an analysis of actor interactions in Swedish BRT projects. These projects are analysed in relation to the state of the art in the research field of collaborative approaches. The results show two main and interrelated collaborative challenges. The first category of challenges concerns difficulties for actors in creating a common understanding of what a BRT system is, the second category concerns details of bus priority measures, e.g. busways, priority at intersections, and how to handle and deal with conflicting interests when removing speed bumps or pedestrian and cycle crossings. In terms of policy is in the early stages of the planning processes. This can be generated by working practices and tools that facilitate agreements on how to handle different interests and trade-offs. BRT guidelines adapted to national transport policy, legal and organisational conditions could function as tools in assisting actor dialogue.

Floating architecture is not a new concept and has been practiced by civilzations for thousands of years. Considering that, one would imagine that floating residential areas would be common practice at this point in many large cities around the world. However, this type of architecture has seen a slow growth and establishment in the western world which has led to a gap in the research field on floating architecture. This means that we have relatively small amount of data on how floating residential areas are affected by their surrounding urban environments and how they influence the local residents that live in and around them. There are many questions that need to be further researched when it comes to floating architecture. How safe is the environment for a resident on a floating structure? To what extent can floating communities be socially interconnected to neighbouring residential areas? How environmentally sustainable is it to develop floating buildings and how does the longevity look? All of these questions are interesting to investigate especially since the focus area of this research is Västra Hamnen, Malmö where floating architectural projects already have been established. The aim of this research is to understand to what extent a floating residential area can be developed in regards to environmental and social sustainability as well as building safety in Västra Hamnen.

Swedish workforce has a shortage of practitioner dentists in 18 regions which is expected to last until 2035 (Hall Hoppe, 2022). At the same time, immigrant dentists face many challenges that delay or prevent their integration into the Swedish labour market. This paper investigates the process of immigrant dentists’ integration into the Swedish labour market, what obstacles they encounter, and in their perception, what are the requirements to facilitate their integration into the Swedish labour market. This research paper followed a qualitative method to achieve its aims. In order to obtain the necessary data to conduct the research, in-depth interviews were performed with immigrant dentists who received their education in countries outside the EU/EEA and Switzerland. The main empirical findings reveal the need to transform immigrant dentists' human capital. In light of this, immigrant dentists need to choose one of two routes to be eligible to apply for the Swedish dental license, due to the devaluation of their education. Besides the need to master the Swedish language. There is a lack of support provided for the two routes for acquiring the Swedish dental license. The participants clarify that they need more support in both routes. The Knowledge Exams route lacks guidance, materials, and financial support. while the complementary courses route is limited to three cities which makes it challenging forimmigrant dentists to join if they live in a city that does not offer these courses. It also showed the importance of social connections in the licensing process, while it was not essential in the process of obtaining a job. This study informs policymakers and concerned stakeholders about the barriers and challenges immigrant dentists encounter when integrating into the Swedish labour market. Which contributes to making decisions that will help to facilitate immigrantdentists’ integration into the Swedish labour marke.

Urbanization has resulted in larger and more densely populated cities, which has intensified the pressure on public transportation systems globally. A consequence of the increased use of public transportation is higher energy consumption and, consequently, increased carbon dioxide emissions. The electrification of bus services has therefore become a central issue in public transportation, leading many to consider switching from fossil-fuel-powered buses to electric buses. Against this background, this study aims to investigate the benefits and challenges that arise in the transition to electric buses for two selected bus operators and a public transport authority. To address this aim, the authors have conducted semi-structured interviews with the aforementioned parties and gathered a theoretical framework based on scientific articles. The study concludes that there are both benefits and challenges with the transition. In the long term, there are economic savings to be made, and the transition to electric buses also contributes to achieving sustainability goals. Among the challenges are managing the limited range of electric buses and the need to procure in a way that distinguishes between traffic operations and charging infrastructure.

The conditions in the Gaza Strip have become even more difficult after the seventh of October 2023 than the conditions before that. There is a war, which means a total destruction of the built environment, an urbicide, which provokes the need for new strategies on planning of the city, regarding the reconstruction of the built environment. It is only during these dark times of war that reconstruction documents and proposals begin to be drawn up. With architecture as a tool, changes within society can take place, which can mean an improved quality of life for the war survivors. This is based on their needs and wishes. In this thesis, it is explained that the possible role of the architect can be expressed during the war, then focus on planning for the reconstruction after the war has ended. The planning is about building a residential area for refugees, by refugees, in the Gaza Strip, from the Gaza Strip’s existing and available materials, and with the existing culture and buildings as a starting point. After a diverse research work, the conclusion is to plan a developable residential area, which is changing in its identity and characteristics over time. The residential area should have different levels of private and public places, where a residential unit consists of different private apartments and a semi-private courtyard in between. Development begins with a functioning structure, where economic, cultural and environmental aspects are taken into account. Further on, the residential area will be developed according to the users’ preferences and choices, by either through an additional building either in height or in width. The development can either involve several and/or larger homes, or for a commercial purpose. The change in the residential area can also take place by forming common, public places to the side of the building.

Malmö stad har antagit målet om en klimatneutral stad till år 2030 samtidigt som staden förväntas växa till en halv miljon invånare runt år 2050. I takt med att invånarantalet ökar behöver bättre och effektivare mobilitet uppnås. Användningen av bilen behöver minska för att följa denna omställning till effektivare och mer hållbar mobilitet. 

Syftet med undersökningen är att undersöka hur Malmö stad arbetar med att minska bilanvändandet samt hur utmaningar hanteras vid implementering av åtgärder för att minska bilanvändandet. Undersökningen utgår ifrån dokumentstudie som studerar Malmö stads övergripande styrdokument samt platsspecifika dokument för två stadsdelar i Malmö. Dokumentstudien kompletteras med kvalitativa intervjuer med planerare som har kunskap och erfarenhet av mobilitet och minskat bilanvändande i Malmö stad. 

Undersökningen synliggör de hårda och mjuka åtgärder som Malmö stad konkret arbetar med. Den uppdagar även att de främsta verktygen för att hantera utmaningar är dialog och informationsspridning vid implementering av åtgärder för minskat bilanvändande. Det läggs även stor vikt på att kombinera hårda och mjuka åtgärder konsekvent för att uppnå en förändring mot hållbar mobilitet. Hur Malmö stad arbetar med att uppnå minskat bilanvändande samt hur utmaningar hanteras ses relevant utifrån perspektivet av kommunernas omställning mot hållbar mobilitet. Undersökningen visar att styrdokument och beslut som berör staden bör följa de målsättningar som sätts upp för att effektivt möjliggöra hållbar mobilitet och klimatneutralitet. 

I Malmö stads kulturstrategi 2014-2020 anges riktlinjerna för hur staden ska utveckla sitt arbete med kultur som redskap för en hållbar utveckling. För att ett strategiskt dokument som Kulturstrategin ska kunna få effekt behöver det dock implementeras, i detta fall genom en kommunal handlingsplan. Det är genomförandet av den handlingsplanen som undersöks i denna rapport, som utgör slutrapport från ett följeforskningsprojekt om Kulturstrategins implementering, genomfört under åren 2017-2018. Vilka positiva effekter fick implementeringsprocessen, och vilka hinder mötte den? Har Kulturstrategin lyckats stärka kulturens ställning i staden och har den medfört nya samarbeten på kulturens områden, inom och utanför den kommunala förvaltningsstrukturen? Dessa är exempel på frågor som rapporten ställer. Rapporten lyfter också in dessa frågor i det mer övergripande sammanhang som handlar om vilken roll kulturen kan spela för en hållbar stadsutveckling. För att reda ut denna fråga undersöker rapporten kopplingarna mellan kulturbegreppet, utifrån både dess estetiska och antropologiska aspekter, och begreppet hållbar utveckling. Hållbar utveckling brukar förknippas med tre dimensioner – en miljömässig, en ekonomisk och en social – men hur passar kulturen in i detta sammanhang: som en aspekt av den sociala dimensionen, eller som en egen, fjärde hållbarhetsdimension?

I kapitlet ”Ungdomar – problem eller potential?” tar Jonas Alwall och Mikael Stigendal sin utgångspunkt i hur ungas problem i dagens urbana miljöer, inte minst i Malmö, ofta beskrivs som en fråga om dessa ungas destruktiva livsstil. Ett sådant perspektiv tenderar dock att bortse från de bakomliggande orsakerna till problemen. I stället för det problemorienterade förhållningssätt som ofta präglar insatser riktade mot unga vill kapitlet lyfta fram ett annat förhållningssätt – ett potentialorienterat – som inte begränsar sig till problem som lätt kan identifieras (symptom) utan i stället fokuserar dessa problems orsaker och ungas egen handlingskraft. Fritidsverksamheten Gnistan i Malmö, som särskilt lyfts fram i kapitlet, är exempel på en verksamhet som författarna menar präglas av ett potentialorienterat förhållningssätt, om än delvis implicit och med stor möjlighet att utvecklas ytterligare.

This study is aimed at the development of long-term sustainable and more dense cities. Where different theories and strategies are discussed, which can be further developed in future projects. Density is a way to plan and design with the intention of reducing the strain on our infrastructure. Through density, proximity is created, this contributes to shorter transport distances and safer roads. Density can be described in different ways, whereas the measurement instruments often used to measure density, reflect a picture far from reality. This makes the path to density often misleading and deprioritises important qualities such as greenery and social spaces.

Our project “How Density Can Be Correct” is based on creating dense and long-term sustainable cities, with a focus on our well-being. To achieve this, we need greenery, light, and social interactions which are important building blocks for promoting good health. By implementing and enabling these qualities to take place, healthier lifestyles and greener cities can be created.

Through the project, two courtyards in the city of Malmö have been continuously visited and analyzed, to understand practically which solutions do and do not work. The project then began with a background theory that, among other things, increasing the practice of dense building and its benefits. The same chapter also describes the importance of greenery and social spaces. This is followed by different chapters that explain how the complex is built. Within these chapters, the shape of the blocks, courtyards, apartments, businesses, passages, and green spaces are discussed.

In the conclusion, everything we have taken from our studies is presented in a design proposal that aims to show a general model of how different strategies for greenery and social interactions can be implemented. Yet, the proposal also recognises other qualities that are desirable to create an attractive city.

Projektet Möten, makt och kön som redovisas i den här rapporten har fokuserat på hur genus görs och (åter)skapas under olika möten på Malmö universitet. Att fokus kom att handla om bemötande och möteskultur baserades på en tidigare rapport om jämställdhet och akademiskt ledarskap. I tidigare rapport framkom att det fanns ett behov av att öka den kvalitativa jämställdheten i organisationen där bemötande av kvinnor är en central aspekt. Det aktuella projektet har haft två syften: 1) att öka kunskap och medvetenhet om hur genus och andra former av kategoriseringar påverkar och ges betydelse i chefskapet i vardagen, med ett särskilt fokus på möten, 2) att skapa stödjande strukturer för att utveckla nya handlingsmönster för inkludering, jämställdhet och jämlikhet. Sammanlagt femton akademiska ledare (nio kvinnor och sex män) med olika ledarskapsuppdrag vid lärosätet har deltagit i projektet. Projektet har baserats på teorier om genus och lärande samt en processmodell i tre steg: framkallning, mobilisering och förändring. För att främja deltagarnas lärande och stärka förändringsarbetet var arbetet organiserat i mindre grupper. Grupperna genomförde bland annat mötesobservationer som sedan diskuterades och analyserades tillsammans med alla deltagare och processledare. Jämfört med den tidigare jämställdhetsrapporten framkommer det i nuvarande projekt en större öppenhet att prata om genus och dess betydelse i den organisatoriska vardagen. Samtidigt kvarstår i organisationen genusrelaterade mönster och strukturer som synliggörs i form av ointresse, olika typer av motstånd, härskartekniker, brist på transparens vid beslut, talutrymme och bekräftelsemönster. Projekt visar även på att ett stort talutrymme inte automatiskt leder till inflytande och social makt. Trots att kvinnor i olika sammanhang talar mycket får de mindre bekräftelse än männen, vilket begränsar deras sociala makt och inflytande över viktiga beslut. Ett jämställdhetsintegrerat universitet förutsätter medvetenhet och kunskap om hur kön och makt görs i den dagliga verksamheten. För att öka jämställdheten i organisationen behöver vi identifiera, analysera och åtgärda negativa genusrelaterade mönster och strukturer. Genom att definiera ojämställdhet som ett organisatoriskt problem flyttas fokus från individuella insatser till organisatoriska lösningar såsom beskrivs i rapporten. Det är därför viktigt att universitet även i framtiden fortsätter att bedriva såväl kvantitativt som kvalitativt jämställdhetsarbete.

Abstract

Introduction: This study examined the lived experiences of Female Entrepreneurs in Lagos State, Nigeria, who transitioned from traditional corporate employment settings to venture into uncharted entrepreneurial territory. In their transition from employee to entrepreneur, this study identified the existence of glass ceiling in both phases. Considering the perception of a woman’s identity in the Nigerian patriarchal system, practical attention and analysis have not been given to their experiences as employees and entrepreneurs. Seven (7) Nigerian Female Entrepreneurs with established businesses in Lagos, Nigeria, participated in this study.

Method: A qualitative research method that builds upon the philosophy of social constructivism was used to decipher the transition. Storytelling theory assisted the interviewees in expressing themselves freely and facilitated this research. Also, Schlossberg's Transition Theory was the foundational theoretical framework for this study.

Result: The result of the study identified the inherent glass ceiling in their transition. Some peculiarities of the glass ceiling within Nigerian context include financing barriers, gender discrimination, a good support system, and limited female mentors. This was framed as the “second glass ceiling”. They discussed their coping mechanisms to overcome challenges and build successful businesses during transition.

Conclusion: The conclusion demonstrates helpful modifications that can aid groups, organizations, academic institutions, and policymakers understand Nigerian women’s situation in corporate and business domains. Such understanding could promote equality of opportunity within society and organizations, eliminate entrepreneurship barriers, and aid their long-term retention of corporate or entrepreneurial engagement. In the long run, this will benefit the Nigerian economy, corporate organizations, female entrepreneurs in Nigeria, and their communities.

This study examines the role of temporary activities in the City of Malmö’s urban planning process.Temporary activities are a term that encompasses a variety of activities in public spaces, but our study isbased on temporary activities that physically change and transform the urban space. Temporary activitiesand temporary use have, in step with globalization, gained increasing space in Western cities, whichcan therefore be seen as a counter-reaction to an uncertain future characterized by growing economic,social and technological changes. The application of temporary activities is an example of creating moreflexible and dynamic places to give cities more lively urban spaces, it contributes to a diversified and moreheterogeneous urban landscape with an increased democratic value.

Our research is based on a multiple-case study of three different examples of temporary activities that differbased on the initiator’s intention and purpose of use. The three examples presented in the study are SteppeSide, Pig Barrier and Naturmolnet. In the case study, we conducted two qualitative interviews regardingthese examples, and conducted a document analysis to interpret the City of Malmö’s view of temporaryactivities. Based on the empirical material, this is analyzed and discussed in relation to the theoreticalframework.

The study shows that the City of Malmö applies an overall instrumental view of temporary activities,which means that it is given a subordinate role and only fills a void while waiting for a more favorabledevelopment to take over. With an instrumental view of the temporary, it is used for marketing purposesand to maintain the appearance of urban growth. What is lost is the added value a temporary activity entailsas the purpose is no longer for the users, but instead is used as a tool that risks contributing to increasedgentrification. The study also draws attention to the attempts from the City of Malmö to move towards amore flexible and dynamic planning process, but that they are not yet at the stage where the temporary cancoexist with the long-term planning. Finally, the study highlights examples of measures that we believe cancontribute to reaching the stage where the temporary lives in symbiosis with the permanent.

Sedan 1907 har det upplåtits fastigheter med tomträtt i Sverige. Tomträtt innebär att kommun eller stat, mot en årlig avgäld, upplåter mark med nyttjanderätt till en tomträttshavare med avgäldsperioder om minst tio år. Att inneha bebyggelse på mark som är förenad med tomträtt kan, beroende på tomträttshavarens ekonomiska situation, leda till ett skräckscenario. En kombination av kraftiga markvärdestegringar och långa avgäldsperioder resulterar i chockhöjda tomträttsavgälder för tomträttshavare, på nivåer som är svåra att förutspå. I nuläget saknas tydliga direktiv för hur bestämmelse av tomträttsavgälden vid ny avgäldsperiod ska ske och trots förslag om att förenkla regleringen har inga ändringar gjorts. 

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka rättsläget kring bestämmelse av tomträttsavgälden inför ny avgäldsperiod och på så sätt försöka bringa klarhet i den problematik som finns. Genom en rättsvetenskaplig metod där rättskällor har tolkats, utretts och analyserats kunde vi dra slutsatsen att den reglering som finns kring bestämmande av tomträttsavgälden bör ses över. Tills vidare får denna undersökning och de riktlinjer vi funnit ses som en vägledning. 

The purpose of the study is to contribute to an increased understanding of the application of Lean service management in the production and monitoring phase of the construction process within real estate companies. The research questions investigate how Lean service management can improve customer satisfaction and efficiency, what obstacles can arise during implementation, and how Lean can develop in the future. Real estate companies must offer high-quality services while streamlining their operations to increase profitability as the industry has become increasingly service-focused.

This study uses a qualitative, deductive method with a comparative research design to analyze how Lean service management is applied in real estate companies. Collected data consists of a literature review and semi-structured interviews with three respondents from different companies.

The results show that Lean service management can streamline the production and monitoring phase of the construction process by identifying and eliminating waste of resources. The study emphasizes the importance of measuring improvements and using digital tools to create a holistic project approach. Implementing Lean requires management commitment, Lean training, and the involvement of the entire organization. With proper application, Lean service management can create win-win situations where the company, its employees, and the customer benefit.

Future development of Lean service management in the production and monitoring phase of the construction process may include increased digitization and the use of AI models to streamline more processes. The study also concludes that a more efficient construction process is necessary to meet future environmental requirements and create sustainable solutions.

The circular economy has emerged as a tool for addressing the current linear economic system, producing massive amounts waste and exacerbating climate change. During the recent crises and instabilities, the potential of the circular economy has been further highlighted.However, the concept remains undefined, and little is known of its implementation inpractice. This thesis explores the circular economy and its implementation among six Swedish commercial real estate actors, through interviews and an investigation of their official documents, with the aim of discovering signs of the circular economy, how those signs have emerged and the knowledge and capabilities necessary to capitalize on them. The External Enablers Framework by Davidsson et al. (2020) is used to find the external enablers thatfacilitate a shift towards more circular business practices. The thesis discovers multiple signs of circularity in the empirical material, in targets, strategies and activities. It also identifies several external enablers potentially impacting the implementation of circular activities in existing real estate ventures, such as collaboration networks, climate change awareness andthe recent crises and instabilities. The real estate actors themselves also potentially influence the industry around them towards circularity, in an ecosystem of enablement.

Denna uppsats har genom en fallstudie undersökt de fördelar och utmaningar som praktiker upplever i arbetet med sociala konsekvensanalyser (SKA) inom transportplanering, med särskilt fokus på Region Kronobergs SKA-verktyg samt SKA ur ett generellt perspektiv. Studien diskuterar även hur SKA kan bidra till en mer socialt rättvis transportplanering.

Resultaten visar att Region Kronobergs SKA-verktyg i huvudsak uppfattas som väl utformat. Trots detta identifierades tre centrala utmaningar: att verktyget upplevs som svårt, att verktyget upplevs vara svårt att anpassa till olika skalor och kontexter samt att det finns en svårighet att implementera SKA-verktyget i praktiken till följd av bristande tydlighet och styrning. Dessa utmaningar reflekterar bredare problem inom svensk transportplanering, såsom avsaknad av tydlig lagstiftning, politisk styrning samt otillräcklig medborgardialog.

Trots SKA:ns teoretiska potential att bidra till en socialt rättvis transportplanering, framkommer betydande hinder i praktiken som ifrågasätter om denna potential kan förverkligas. Särskilt implementeringen, där medborgardialog är ett avgörande men ofta underutvecklat område, utgör ett stort hinder. Om dessa utmaningar inte hanteras riskerar SKA att förlora sin funktion som ett verktyg för att öka social rättvisa inom transportplaneringen.

Sammanfattningsvis indikerar studien att utmaningarna med SKA huvudsakligen är kopplade till organisatoriska strukturer och politiska beslut, snarare än till SKA-verktygen i sig. För att framgångsrikt arbeta med social hållbarhet i transportplaneringen föreslår studien att fokus bör ligga på att förbättra styrning, organisering och medborgardialog. En förändrad syn på hur sociala aspekter värderas och prioriteras, tillsammans med lagkrav och kunskapshöjande åtgärder för praktiker, kan möjliggöra ett förbättrat arbete med SKA inom den svenska transportplaneringen.

Framtida forskning om sociala konsekvensanalyser (SKA) inom svensk transportplanering bör fokusera på att förstå varför det finns ett gap mellan teori och praktik, och hur detta kan överkommas. Detta kan göras genom att analysera organisatoriska och kulturella hinder samt utveckla utbildningsprogram, implementeringsstöd och styrningsmodeller som bättre integrerar sociala aspekter i beslutsfattandet. Dessutom bör forskning undersöka hur strategier, inklusive lagstiftning, kan utformas för att göra SKA till en mer integrerad del av planeringsprocessen.

In 1999, Sweden was approved as a producer of commercial wines by the EU. In wine production, the environmental impact arises from the use of pesticides and irrigation and the manufacture and transport of bottles. The purpose was to investigate the environmental impact from wine production in Sweden, and how Swedish wine producers reflect on the environmental impact from their production. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five Swedish wine producers from Skåne, Södermanland and Gotland. According to the wine producers, the factors that had the greatest environmental impact were the use of pesticides, the manufacture and transport of the bottles. Swedish wine producers work to be as sustainable as possible, but the opinions on which production method is the most sustainable differed and the wine producers therefore worked in different ways. Opinions about whether organic or conventional wine production is the most sustainable option, and which grape variety is best suited for cultivation in Sweden differed between the five wine producers. Common to all vineyards was that water use was low because only rainwater was used for irrigation and that all wine producers bottled the wine in glass bottles. However, there were differences of opinion in which weight of the glass bottle is most suitable.

Titel: En fastighetsmäklares utbildningskrav samt profession - 

En kvalitativ studie om hur fastighetsmäklarprofessionen påverkar  transaktionskostnader i Sverige och Australiens delstat New South Wales

Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i ämnet Fastighetsvetenskap

Författare: Ellen Andersson och Linn Baumann

Handledare: Peter Palm

Datum: Juni 2023

Syfte: Syftet är att bidra till ökad förståelse för hur fastighetsmäklaryrket i New South Wales och Sverige skiljer sig i sin profession samt hur detta påverkar dess transaktionskostnader.

Metod: Denna studie har applicerat en komparativ kvalitativ forskningsmetodik. Med hjälp av litteratur-, samt datasökning har empiriska studier kopplats till den teoretisk bakgrunden, för att utreda professionaliseringen påverkan på transaktionskostnaderna inom fastighetsmäklaryrket i respektive land 

Slutsats: Resultatet visar att fastighetsmäklaryrket i länderna skiljer sig. I Sverige uppfylls kraven för en preprofession och i New South Wales så uppnår fastighetsmäklaryrket endast en semiprofession. Studien visar vidare på att graden av professionalisering påverkar transaktionskostnaderna. Transaktionskostnaderna kan delas in i sökkostnader, förhandlingskostnader och kontrollkostnader. Yrkets professionalisering minskar sökkostnaderna, förhandlingskostnaderna och kontrollkostnaderna.  Professionaliseringen kan även öka kontrollkostnaderna. 

Naturturismen runt om i världen har sett en ökning de senaste åren, inte minst till följd avCovid-19 pandemin, en trend som även uppmärksammats på Kebnekaise. Allt fler människorsöker sig till platsen för att uppleva den vackra miljön, vilket leder till ett stigandebesökstryck till den sköra naturen. Den stigande mängden besökare leder till en högre grad avslitage och störningar på djur, natur och människor i området. Syftet med studien är därmedatt undersöka vilka åtgärder som krävs för att hantera problematiken som uppstår av ettökande besökarantal till Kebnekaise. För att besvara syftet användes en kvalitativ ansats medett urval semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet analyserades gentemot tidigare forskningoch kunskapsläge tillsammans med ett juridiskt ramverk för att avgöra vilka åtgärder som ärapplicerbara i nuläget, alternativt vad som behövs förändras för att kunna skydda vissamiljövärden. Studien kom fram till att det finns delade meningar bland informanterna kringvad och hur mycket som behöver göras, men att alla är överens om att mjuka styrmedel är detförsta som bör prioriteras innan hårdare lagstiftning, som ett områdesskydd, etableras. Detframgick däremot att för att skydda området från slitage av helikoptertrafik, cykling ochtältning behövs en förändring av allemansrätten eller ett införande av områdesskydd.

 Schools have been identified in both global and national policy documents as having an important role in educating about sustainable development. For example, the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4.7 aims to ensure that all students acquire the knowledge and skills to promote sustainable development. However, the complexity of sustainable development can lead teachers to find it difficult to approach the subject in their teaching. The imprecise nature of policy documents also poses a risk that sustainable development is not taught in a way that optimizes students' learning about the topic, which in turn may reduce their ability to make sustainable decisions. Current research shows how different subject teachers understand and teach sustainability as a whole, but few studies have focused on a specific school subject and examined how each individual dimension of sustainable development is addressed. Therefore this study focused on how environmental sustainability is included in geography and civics. The aim of the study was to gain an understanding of how the environmental dimension of sustainable development is treated in social studies at upper secondary school and how the teaching methods of social studies teachers resonate with the principles of education for sustainable development (ESD). The study was based on a qualitative method, where eight upper secondary school teachers were interviewed in Skåne, Sweden. An inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the interviews. The results of the study showed that civics and geography have different subject content and teaching methods related to environmental sustainability and ESD. Environmental sustainability had a more primary role in the geography subject, compared to civics where it was included more indirectly. The results also showed how professional development in ESD is a development opportunity for teachers to gain greater understanding and through that greater interest in using ESD but also including environmental sustainability in their teaching. However, these development opportunities must come from a higher level than the teachers themselves, but the teachers also have a role in communicating these needs.