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Lightweight Low-Light Image Enhancement Model Training and Design Considerations
Malmö University, Faculty of Technology and Society (TS), Department of Computer Science and Media Technology (DVMT). Malmö University, Internet of Things and People (IOTAP).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9596-2688
Malmö University, Faculty of Technology and Society (TS), Department of Computer Science and Media Technology (DVMT). Malmö University, Internet of Things and People (IOTAP).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2763-8085
Malmö University, Faculty of Technology and Society (TS), Department of Computer Science and Media Technology (DVMT). Malmö University, Internet of Things and People (IOTAP).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9376-9844
2025 (English)In: SysCon 2025 - 19th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference, Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Low-light conditions significantly degrade the performance of RGB cameras, particularly in applications like visual odometry estimation for autonomous vehicles, where feature visibility is critical for accurate navigation. Traditional image enhancement techniques often require manual tuning and struggle in extremely dark environments. However, deep-learning-based methods, though promising, typically demand high computational resources, making them unsuitable for real-time applications. This paper presents top low-light image enhancement (LLIE) models obtained through our experimentation with designing models to improve the visibility of features crucial for odometry tasks while minimizing computational overhead. We explore design and training strategies for real-time low-light enhancement using U-Net, a CNN architecture, alongside other CNN models with residual blocks and attention mechanisms. Through experimentation with two datasets-LOL-v2 and KITTI datasets, we demonstrate that our models offer significant improvements in feature visibility without compromising real-time performance. We also report that training the model on image patches reduces Graphics processing unit (GPU) memory usage and improves image enhancement quality, though training on full images may sometimes be necessary. Compared to a high-performing baseline model, our approach-despite yielding lower image quality is better suited for real-time applications. Some use cases, such as robotic navigation, can benefit from our lightweight model, where high-resolution details are less critical, as the focus is on real-time performance and general feature visibility. Additionally, we find that using U-Net without residual blocks and attention mechanisms results in degraded image quality. Future work will focus on transfer learning our model for odometryspecific image enhancement and integrating it into autonomous localization systems to optimize computational efficiency and enhance performance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2025.
Series
Annual IEEE Systems Conference, ISSN 1944-7620, E-ISSN 2472-9647
Keywords [en]
deep learning, lightweight model, localization, low-light image enhancement, neural network, odometry, SLAM
National Category
Computer graphics and computer vision
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-77979DOI: 10.1109/SysCon64521.2025.11014822ISI: 001548704000058Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105007757203ISBN: 979-8-3315-0818-0 (electronic)ISBN: 979-8-3315-0819-7 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-77979DiVA, id: diva2:1974832
Conference
19th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference, SysCon 2025, 07-10 Apr 2025, Montreal, Canada
Available from: 2025-06-23 Created: 2025-06-23 Last updated: 2025-10-27Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Towards improving localization for autonomous vehicles
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards improving localization for autonomous vehicles
2025 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis explores advancements in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) for autonomous ground vehicles, focusing on the integration of neural networks to enhance localization accuracy and generalizability. The research addresses key challenges in SLAM, including scale drift, environmental adaptability, and computational efficiency. Through a systematic literature review and empirical studies, the thesis evaluates the performance of neural network-based SLAM techniques, particularly in diverse and dynamic environments. The findings highlight the potential of neural networks to improve SLAM by leveraging large, diverse datasets and advanced image enhancement methods. Additionally, the research investigates sensor fusion techniques, combining visual and inertial data to enhance localization performance. The contributions of this thesis provide a comprehensive framework for future research in SLAM-based localization, aimed at improving the generalizability and computational efficiency of autonomous navigation systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö: Malmö University Press, 2025
Series
Studies in Computer Science ; 34
Keywords
Neural network, Deep learning, Odometry, Localization, Pose estimation, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, SLAM, Autonomous ground vehicles, Computational efficiency, Real-time performance
National Category
Computer graphics and computer vision
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-74812 (URN)10.24834/isbn.9789178776313 (DOI)978-91-7877-630-6 (ISBN)978-91-7877-631-3 (ISBN)
Presentation
2025-03-21, Room B1, Niagara, Malmö University, Malmö, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Paper IV in dissertation as accepted manuscript.

Available from: 2025-03-19 Created: 2025-03-19 Last updated: 2025-10-10Bibliographically approved

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Saleem, HajiraMalekian, RezaMunir, Hussan

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