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War as a bureaucratic duty: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the U.S. decision to invade Iraq (2001- 2003)
Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS).
2025 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 12 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

This thesis addresses the “moral blindness” of the modern rational and impersonal bureaucratic system of state administration. The study uses Zygmunt Bauman’s critique of bureaucracy as a structure that holds the capacity to enable the exercise of large-scale violence as a technical task. Drawing on discourse theory and applying Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework, it investigates how the U.S. national security discourse in the lead-up to the 2003 Iraq invasion framed the invasion. The elite bureaucratic discourse in the period 2001 - 2003 framed military intervention as morally necessary and inevitable. It constructed Saddam Hussein as a legitimate target and set regime change in Iraq as a bureaucratic duty. The real-life consequences of a military intervention were excluded from the narrative. The analysis suggests that the bureaucratic machinery, guided by technical responsibility rather than moral reflection, assumed war as a bureaucratic duty. Thus, material and human resources were concentrated on achieving a better military outcome rather than de-escalation. By highlighting the interplay between discourse, power, and bureaucratic momentum, this thesis contributes to critical understandings of how violence becomes embedded and justified even within democratic bureaucracies. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 74
Keywords [en]
Bauman, Bureaucracy, Critical Discourse Analysis, Invasion of Iraq, Normalisation of war, Elite bureaucratic discourse
National Category
Political Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-77035OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-77035DiVA, id: diva2:1968147
Educational program
KS GPS Peace and Conflict Studies
Supervisors
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Available from: 2025-06-16 Created: 2025-06-12 Last updated: 2025-06-16Bibliographically approved

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