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Spontaneous Space Closure after Extraction of the First Permanent Molar: A Prospective Longitudinal Clinical Study
Malmö University, Faculty of Odontology (OD).
Malmö University, Faculty of Odontology (OD).
2025 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

Aim: To examine the success of spontaneous space closure after extraction of the first permanent molar (FPM) in the maxilla and mandible in young individuals. Further, to identify factors associated with this.

Material and method: Data from 24 children who had one or more FPMs extracted due to poor prognosis was collected in a prospective longitudinal study at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University between 2013-2022. In total 54 teeth were extracted and included. Successful spontaneous space closure was defined as a remaining space ≤ one millimeter between the second permanent premolar and the second permanent molar (SPM). Various factors were analyzed using panoramic radiographs and study casts taken before extraction and five years post-extraction, following standardized measurement methods.

Results: Successful spontaneous space closure occurred in 78% of cases. In the maxilla, it was seen in 94% of the cases compared to 57% in the mandible (p = 0.004). The average remaining space was 0.3 millimeters (maxilla), respectively 1.9 millimeters (mandible) (p = 0.006). Success was associated with a third permanent molar (TPM) in the same quadrant (p = 0.004). Age at extraction, crowding, spacing, initial angle and developmental stage of the SPM had no significant effect on the spontaneous space closure. Mesial tipping of the SPM was observed in the maxilla.

Conclusions: There was a higher success rate following extraction of the FPM in the maxilla compared to the mandible. Furthermore, the presence of a TPM was associated with a higher success rate in both jaws.

Abstract [sv]

Syfte: Att undersöka lyckandefrekvensen av spontan luckslutning efter extraktion av första permanenta molaren (FPM) i maxillan och mandibeln hos unga individer, samt att identifiera faktorer som associeras med en lyckad spontan luckslutning.

Material och metod: Data från 24 barn som fick en eller flera FPM extraherade på grund av dålig prognos samlades in i en prospektiv longitudinell studie som utfördes vid Odontologiska Fakulteten, Malmö Universitet mellan åren 2013-2022. Totalt 54 extraherade tänder inkluderades i materialet. Lyckad luckslutning definierades som en kvarstående lucka ≤ en millimeter mellan den andra premanenta premolaren och andra permanenta molaren (SPM). Diverse faktorer analyserades på panoramarötngenbilder och studiemodeller tagna före extraktion och efter fem år enligt standardiserade mätmetoder.

Resultat: Spontan luckslutning sågs i totalt 78% av fallen. I överkäken observerades det i 94% jämfört med 57% i underkäken (p = 0.004). Den genomsnittliga kvarvarande luckan var 0.3 millimeter i överkäken, respektive 1.9 millimeter i underkäken (p = 0.006). Lyckad luckslutning observerades oftare om en tredje permanenta molar (TPM) fanns i samma kvadrant (p = 0.004). Ålder vid extraktion, trångställning, glesställning, SPMs initiala vinkel och utvecklingsstadium hade ingen signifikant effekt på den spontana luckslutningen. Mesialtippning av SPM kunde observeras i överkäken.

Slutsats: Lyckandefrekvensen efter extraktion av FPMs var högre i överkäken än i underkäken. Dessutom var närvaron av en TPM i den kvadrant där extraktionen gjordes associerad med en högre lyckandefrekvens i både över- och underkäken.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025.
National Category
Odontology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-76232OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-76232DiVA, id: diva2:1962399
Educational program
OD Tandläkarutbildning
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Examiners
Available from: 2025-06-18 Created: 2025-05-30 Last updated: 2025-06-18Bibliographically approved

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