This thesis explores the localization discourse in Myanmar in the context of humanitarian aid. It inquires how and by whom the localization discourse is shaped and how it has evolved. Statements of local, national and international humanitarian actors in Myanmar reveal dynamic power relations in localization processes, which this paper further examines. These inquiries are conducted by analysing documents and interviews using a Foucauldian lens of power and resistance.

This paper finds that the localization discourse in Myanmar is embedded in diverse political, historical, social, cultural and religious contexts, which greatly complicate localization processes and aid delivery. Global debates around humanitarian principles and solidarity-based approaches feed into Myanmar’s localization discourse and are reversely informed by it. Local and national humanitarian actors in Myanmar assert themselves in power relations by using political as well as technical strategies and tactics of resistance.

This thesis argues that a technical discourse on funding structures, capacities and strategic roles may balance power relations between local, national and international humanitarian actors more effectively than a political discourse. While this paper does not aim to propose solutions to humanitarian challenges in Myanmar, it suggests that highly contextualised approaches to localization are needed in conflict and complex emergency settings. Localization needs to take into account not only power imbalances between international and local actors but also those within local and national contexts.