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Icke-invasiva omvårdnadsåtgärder för patienter med obstipation på äldreboende som är 65 år och äldre: En litteraturstudie
Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Care Science (VV).
Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Care Science (VV).
2021 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Non-invasive Nursing Measures for Patients with Constipation Living in a Nursing Home Aged 65 Years or Older : A literature review (English)
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund: Att vara obstiperad innebär fysiskt och psykiskt lidande som påverkar livskvaliteten negativt. Försämrat vätskeintag, fiberfattig kost, immobilisering, sjukdom och läkemedel är riskfaktorer för att drabbas av obstipation. En hög ålder och kvinnligt kön innebär en ytterligare ökad risk för att drabbas. Vanligaste behandlingsmetoderna mot obstipation är laxantia som kan vara svår att balansera samt de invasiva åtgärderna lavemang och manuell evakuering som kan upplevas mycket påfrestande för äldre. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa icke-invasiva omvårdnadsåtgärder för patienter med obstipation på äldreboende som är 65 år och äldre. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie av kvantitativ ansats. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar valdes varav fyra var randomiserade och sex var icke-randomiserade. Studierna genomgick en kvalitetsgranskning där fem artiklar graderades som grad I vilket avser hög studiekvalitet och fem som grad II vilket avser medelhög studiekvalitet. Med hjälp av analysen identifierades fyra teman; hälsosamma bakterier som omvårdnadsåtgärd, kostkomplement som omvårdnadsåtgärd, yttre påverkan som omvårdnadsåtgärd och individanpassade omvårdnadsåtgärder som strukturerade upp resultatet. Resultat: Omvårdnadsåtgärder i form av hälsosamma bakterier, kostkomplement, yttre påverkan samt en individanpassad omvårdnad påvisade god behandlande effekt mot obstipation. Obstipationsrelaterade symtom minskade, livskvaliteten förbättrades samt minskad administration av laxantia, lavemang och manuell evakuering. Konklusion: Resultatet i litteraturstudien påvisade att det finns icke-invasiva omvårdnadsåtgärder som sjuksköterskor kan implementera för att behandla obstipation på äldreboenden i Sverige. Omvårdnadsåtgärderna kräver en acceptans, tid och vilja från både patient och omvårdnadspersonal för genomförande. 

Abstract [en]

Background: Being constipated means physical and mental suffering that negatively affects the quality of life. Impaired fluid intake, low-fiber diet, immobilization, illness and medication are risk factors for constipation. Old age and female gender mean a further increased risk of being affected. The most common treatment methods for constipation are laxatives which can be difficult to balance as well as the invasive treatments enema and manual evacuation which for the elderly can be experienced as very stressful. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to shed light on non-invasive nursing measures for patients with constipation living in nursing homes aged 65 years and older. Method: This study was conducted as a literature review with a quantitative approach. Ten scientific articles were selected of which four were randomized trials and six were non-randomized trials. The studies underwent a quality review in which five articles were graded as grade I, which refers to high study quality, and five as grade II, which refers to medium-high study quality. Using the analysis, four themes were identified; healthy bacteria as a nursing measure, dietary supplements as a nursing measure, external influences as a nursing measure and individualized nursing measures which structured the results. Results: Nursing measures in the form of healthy bacteria, dietary supplements, external influences and individualized nursing resulted in a good therapeutic effect against constipation. Constipation-related symptoms decreased, quality of life improved and administration of laxatives, enemas and manual evacuation were reduced. Conclusion: The results of the literature review showed that non-invasive nursing measures exists that nurses can implement to treat constipation in nursing homes in Sweden. The nursing measures require acceptance, time and willingness from both patient and nursing staff for implementation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2021. , p. 51
Keywords [sv]
Icke-invasiv, Obstipation, Sjuksköterska, Äldre, Äldreboende
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43764OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-43764DiVA, id: diva2:1569030
Educational program
HS Sjuksköterskeutbildning
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2021-06-18 Created: 2021-06-18 Last updated: 2021-06-18Bibliographically approved

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