In 1982 Sweden legislated against ‘female genital mutilation’ (FGM) and was the first Western country to do so. Compared to many other countries in Europe, Sweden shows a high level of alertness when it comes to suspected cases of FGM; knowledge about legislation banning FGM is generally high and there is additionally a long history of guidelines for various professional groups. The emphasis on identifying illegal cases of FGM is supported by the mass media, which repeatedly gives this issue attention. Since the law came into effect in 1982, about twenty reports on suspected FGM have reached the police. Two cases have been taken to court and ended up in custodial sentences. Both will be briefly described in this report. In some of the cases representing suspicion of FGM in Sweden, compulsory genital examinations of minors have taken place. None of these cases has shown that FGM was performed. These cases will be in focus in this report. Particularly noteworthy is the present dichotomy within Swedish society: there is a strong political will to have effective enforcement of the FGM legislation, while at the same time contiguous anti-discrimination legislation exists, as well as a social movement working against the stigmatization of immigrants. An important question to be addressed here is to ask, ‘What happens when such aims clash?’ The report is a result of a multi-country project with researchers from Belgium, the UK, France, Spain, and Sweden: the EC Daphne project "Towards an improved enforcement of FGM legislation in Europe: Dissemination of lessons learned and capacity building of actors in legal and paralegal fields."