This report is a product of The Nordic Welfare Watch research project. It was carried out during the Icelandic Presidency Program in the Nordic Council of Ministers 2014-­‐2017 and was funded by the Council. The Nordic Welfare Watch aimed at promoting and strengthening the sustainability of Nordic welfare systems through cooperation, research and mutual exchange of acquired experience and knowledge. A further objective was to provide means and recommendations useful for policy making, to better prepare Welfare systems to meet future challenges.