This chapter addresses treatments that aim to preserve vital pulp functions, such as pulp capping and pulpotomy, with a link toward pulp inflammation and healing. Direct pulp capping and partial pulpotomy are procedures to consider when the pulp has been accidentally exposed to the oral environment by trauma, cavity, or crown preparation. Healing and repair of an exposed pulp depends initially on the preoperative condition of the tissue. Pulpectomy is an invasive procedure where the pulp tissue is removed to within 1–2 mm of the root-end. The pulpectomy is indicated in the absence of clinical and radiographic signs of root canal infection. When the pulp of a permanent tooth is diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis, it is likely to become necrotic and infected and should be treated by pulpectomy or tooth extraction. The pulpectomy not only eliminates the pulp but requires the sacrifice of hard tissue during access cavity preparation and root canal instrumentation.