Presence of adequate amount of bone, allowing implant installation with sufficient initial stability and with its circumference completely covered by an adequate amount of bone is considered essential for successful osseointegration. However, patients often present with less than adequate amount of bone for proper implant installation; thus, there is often a need for bone augmentation procedures. Bone augmentation procedures most often involve grafting of bone, bone substitutes, or combinations thereof. Autogenous bone is often considered the “gold standard”. However, is autogenous bone indeed the best material for all clinical indications? Can autogenous bone be replaced? Or should it be used in combination with bone substitutes in some instances? The presentation will focus on the available evidence about what is the most indicative grafting material or combination for various clinical indications.