PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare outcome among patients after implant overdenture treatment in the maxilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample comprised two groups of patients: group 1, in which the patients were planned for overdenture treatment, and group 2, in which the patients originally were planned for a fixed prosthesis in the maxilla but had overdenture treatment owing to implant failures, resulting in an insufficient number of implants to support a fixed prosthesis. All patients treated with maxillary implant-supported overdentures in the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Central Hospital, Skovde, Sweden, between 1993 and 2002 received a questionnaire at their yearly follow-up visit with nine questions related to their treatment. All questions had visual analogue scale response alternatives ranging from a negative to a positive opinion. RESULTS: Nineteen patients, 10 in group 1 and 9 in group 2, completed the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 86%. Both groups expressed a high satisfaction rate, and few regretted their choice of treatment. Patients planned for overdenture treatment (group 1) reported significantly fewer speech problems after treatment compared with those originally planned for a fixed prosthesis (group 2, p < .05). No other significant differences between the two groups were seen. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that maxillary implant overdenture treatment may be considered a viable option among patients with an insufficient number of implants for a fixed prosthesis