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Pressure Control of Centrifugal Fan Using Softsign-PI Controller Tuned by Hybrid Starfish Optimization Algorithm with Differential Evolution
Department of Computer Engineering, Batman University, 72100 Batman, Türkiye.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8217-4474
Department of Computer Engineering, Bitlis Eren University, 13100 Bitlis, Türkiye.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7673-2553
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Türkiye.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8359-0875
Birmingham Centre for Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0487-2581
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2026 (English)In: Biomimetics, E-ISSN 2313-7673, Vol. 11, no 5Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study addresses pressure regulation in an induction-motor-driven centrifugal fan and introduces two complementary novelties: a Softsign-PI controller that shapes the tracking error via a Softsign nonlinearity before PI regulation and a hybrid starfish optimization with a differential evolution (hSFOA-DE) scheme for automatically tuning the controller parameters. The approach is evaluated on an experimentally validated nonlinear fan-motor model and benchmarked against modern metaheuristics-starfish optimization algorithm (SFOA), animated oat optimization (AOO), electric eel foraging optimization (EEFO), differential evolution (DE), particle swarm optimization (PSO)-as well as classical tunings-Murrill-based 2-DOF PID, Tyreus-Luyben PID and Ziegler-Nichols PI. Statistical summaries and boxplots indicate superior central tendency with reduced run-to-run variability; fitness-evolution curves show faster convergence; and time-domain performance metrics confirm improved transient and steady-state behaviour. Objective function comparisons further show the lowest values of both the Zwe-Lee Gaing (ZLG) and integral of absolute error (IAE), supporting advantages in robustness and tracking accuracy of the proposed approach. These gains reduce overshoot and cumulative error, which can lessen throttling losses and actuator duty in fan/pump service, suggesting potential energy and maintenance benefits.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG , 2026. Vol. 11, no 5
Keywords [en]
Softsign-PI controller, centrifugal fan, differential evolution, starfish optimization algorithm
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-84818DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics11050331ISI: 001774814500001PubMedID: 42187397Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105040249017OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-84818DiVA, id: diva2:2064887
Available from: 2026-06-02 Created: 2026-06-02 Last updated: 2026-06-15Bibliographically approved

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Akin, Erdal

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