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Interprofessional Education in Clinical Practice: Exploring healthcare students' interprofessional competencies as well as patients' and family members' involvement in the care process at interprofessional training wards
Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Care Science (VV).
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Background: The purpose of interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is to supply comprehensive, high-quality care to patients. Although healthcare professionals are expected to contribute to IPC, interprofessional skills require training. At interprofessional training wards (ITWs), healthcare students are trained in interprofessional teams where the patients’ needs are presumed to guide the work. However, previous research indicates that students’ personality traits, gender and healthcare education influence how well prepared they are for interprofessional learning (IPL). Little is known about how these factors influence self-efficacy for competence in interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP). In addition, the link between interprofessional competence and patient and family member involvement in the care process has not been clearly highlighted in empirical interprofessional education (IPE) research before.

Aim: This thesis aims to investigate healthcare students’ self-efficacy for competence in IPCP before and after clinical placement at ITWs. Additionally, it explores patients’ and family members’ experiences of involvement in the care process at an ITW.

Method: The four studies (I–IV) included in this thesis were performed at three different ITWs in southern Sweden. In Studies I and II, the study sample comprised healthcare students required to undertake clinical placements at the ITWs across four disciplines: nursing, medicine, occupational therapy and physiotherapy. Study I had a cross-sectional design, including 598 students, and Study II had a pre-post design and included 518 students. The students participated in the studies by providing background information and completing the following questionnaires: the Interprofessional Education Collaborative Competency Self-Efficacy Tool (IPECC-Set 9), the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) and the Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Data were analysed using IBM’s Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and included descriptive statistics, correlations, multiple regression analysis, independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test and analysis of variance. The significance threshold was set at p < 0.05. In Study III, data were collected through individual interviews with patients admitted to an ITW. The study included 22 patients. Data were analysed following the principles of reflexive thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke. In Study IV, data were collected through individual interviews with 19 family members of patients admitted to an ITW. The interviews were analysed using content analysis as described by Elo and Kyngäs.

Result: In Study I, no differences were found in self-efficacy for competence in IPCP between the four educational disciplines. However, medical students were less ready for IPL, and so were male students. The personality traits Extraversion and Conscientiousness were identified as positive predictors of self-efficacy for competence in IPCP. In Study II, all students, regardless of educational discipline, gender, personality traits, previous healthcare experience or whether the students reported working in healthcare during their studies, scored significantly higher in self-efficacy for competence in IPCP after attending the ITW. In Study III, the main result was that although most patients at the ITW wanted to be involved in the care process, they described being hindered by their health condition or by not being involved by the student team in care planning and decision-making. In addition, most patients said that they needed their family members’ support to be involved in care planning. In Study IV, family members expressed their wish to be involved in the care process to support the patient and bridge information between the patient and the interprofessional student team. However, family members described how their contributions were seldom recognised by the student teams, and how they had to actively seek information to be involved in the care process.

Conclusion: The link between interprofessional competencies and patient and family member involvement must be emphasised, as it will enhance the quality of patient care and further develop students’ interprofessional competencies. Educators must refine the IPE activities to enable patients’ and family members’ involvement in care planning and decision-making. Interprofessional competencies are essential skills applying to all healthcare disciplines, which justifies the development of a unified interprofessional collaborative practice curriculum.

Abstract [sv]

Blivande hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal behöver träna interprofessionellt samarbete, det vill säga samarbete mellan olika yrkesgrupper, för att kunna ge säker och effektiv vård. Interprofessionell utbildning har därför fått ökad uppmärksamhet och genomförs ofta på kliniska utbildningsavdelningar (KUA). Forskning visar att studenter utvecklar interprofessionella kompetenser genom interprofessionell utbildning, men kunskapen är begränsad om hur faktorer som utbildningsprogram, kön, tidigare erfarenhet och personlighet påverkar denna utveckling. Dessutom saknas kunskap om patienters och närståendes delaktighet i diskussioner kring planering och beslut rörande patientens vård på KUA. Detta är av betydelse då interprofessionella kompetenser även innefattar förmågan att involvera patienter och närstående i vårdprocessen.

Avhandlingens syfte var att undersöka studenters självtillit (self-efficacy) när det gäller interprofessionell kompetens före och efter verksamhetsförlagd interprofessionell utbildning på KUA, samt att utforska patienters och närståendes delaktighet i vårdprocessen på KUA.

Resultaten visade att studenternas förutsättningar för interprofessionell utbildning varierade mellan professionerna. Kvinnliga studenter rapporterade mer positiva attityder till interprofessionellt lärande jämfört med manliga studenter. Vidare var läkarstudenter generellt mindre positiva till interprofessio- nellt lärande än blivande sjuksköterskor, fysioterapeuter och arbetsterapeuter. Dessutom identifierades personlighetsegenskaperna Utåtriktning (Extraversion) och Målmedvetenhet (Conscientiousness) som positiva prediktorer (alltså prognosfaktorer) för självtillit avseende kompetens inom interprofessionell samverkan (IPCP). Detta innebar att studenter som hade en högre grad av dessa personlighetsegenskaper tenderade att skatta sig högre på självtillit avseende kompetens inom IPCP. Däremot noterades inga skillnader i självtillit i fråga om kompetens inom IPCP mellan de fyra utbildningsprofessionerna. Ett framträdande resultat var att samtliga fyra utbildningsdiscipliner rapporterade signifikanta förbättringar i självtillit gällande kompetens inom IPCP efter verksamhetsförlagd utbildning på KUA. Resultaten visade dessutom att oavsett studenternas erfarenhetsnivå vid den verksamhetsförlagda utbildningens start och oavsett personlighetsegenskaper, kön eller utbildningsdisciplin, bidrog KUA- placeringen till att stärka självtilliten, vilket resulterade i en utjämning av initiala skillnader i självtillit avseende kompetenser inom IPCP. Dock rapporterade fysioterapistudenter den största genomsnittliga förändringen i självtillit, medan sjuksköterskestudenter hade den lägsta. Det framkom också att sjuksköterske- och läkarstudenterna generellt hade mer erfarenhet av att arbeta kliniskt inom hälso- och sjukvård, både före utbildningsstart och under utbildningen, än fysioterapi- och arbetsterapistudenterna.

I studie III och studie IV framgick att patienterna kände sig väl omhändertagna av studenterna och uppskattade den vård som de erbjöds. Vidare beskrev patienterna att studenternas vänliga sätt underlättade deras delaktighet i vårdprocessen. Majoriteten av patienterna uttryckte en önskan om att vara delaktiga i studentteamets diskussioner kring deras behandling och vård. Dock beskrev patienterna att de ibland kände sig hindrade från att vara delaktiga på grund av sitt hälsotillstånd, men många gånger också därför att studenterna inte involverade dem i diskussioner kring planering och beslut. Samtidigt framkom att de flesta patienter ansåg sig behöva stöd från närstående när de tog emot betydelsefull information. Närstående å sin sida beskrev att de ville vara delaktiga både för sin egen skull och för att kunna stödja patienten. De ville bli sedda som en viktig resurs och fungera som en informationsbrygga mellan patienten och det interprofessionella studentteamet. Men närståendes kunskaper och vilja att vara delaktiga i vårdprocessen uppmärksammades sällan av studentteamen.

Denna avhandling stödjer tidigare forskning kring behovet av att integrera interprofessionell utbildning i alla hälso- och sjukvårdsutbildningar, eftersom det utvecklar studenters tillit till sin förmåga att samarbeta interprofessionellt – en förmåga och kompetens som studenter behöver i sin framtida yrkesroll. Dock kan de förutsättningar och skillnader som resultaten åskådliggör vara betydelsefulla för planering och vidareutveckling av utbildningsplaner, kursplaner och interprofessionell utbildning. Tidigare forskning visar att interprofessionell utbildning har flera positiva effekter på patientsäkerheten. Likväl visar avhandlingens resultat att patienters och närståendes delaktighet i det interprofessionella teamet behöver tydliggöras och ges större fokus eftersom deras delaktighet i sig bidrar till ökad vårdkvalitet och patientsäkerhet. En gemensam interprofessionell kursplan med kursmål som är tydligt kopplade till patienters och närståendes delaktighet förordas, då den teoretiska grundtanken, som nämnts, är att interprofessionella kompetenser även omfattar förmågan att involvera patienter och närstående i vårdprocessen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö: Malmö University Press , 2026. , p. 86
Series
Malmö University Health and Society Dissertations, ISSN 1653-5383, E-ISSN 2004-9277
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-83709DOI: 10.24834/isbn.9789178776962ISBN: 978-91-7877-695-5 (print)ISBN: 978-91-7877-696-2 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-83709DiVA, id: diva2:2053202
Public defence
2026-05-22, HS aula AS: E002, Jan Waldenströms gata 25, Malmö, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-04-15 Created: 2026-04-15 Last updated: 2026-04-28Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Healthcare students’ personality traits, readiness for interprofessional learning and self-efficacy for competence in interprofessional collaborative practice
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Healthcare students’ personality traits, readiness for interprofessional learning and self-efficacy for competence in interprofessional collaborative practice
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-83719 (URN)
Available from: 2026-04-15 Created: 2026-04-15 Last updated: 2026-04-15Bibliographically approved
2. Changes in healthcare students' self-efficacy for competence in interprofessional collaborative practice after clinical placement at an interprofessional training ward
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Changes in healthcare students' self-efficacy for competence in interprofessional collaborative practice after clinical placement at an interprofessional training ward
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-83720 (URN)
Available from: 2026-04-15 Created: 2026-04-15 Last updated: 2026-04-15Bibliographically approved
3. Patients’ experiences of involvement at a clinical training ward: a qualitative interview study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Patients’ experiences of involvement at a clinical training ward: a qualitative interview study
Show others...
2024 (English)In: Journal of Interprofessional Care, ISSN 1356-1820, E-ISSN 1469-9567, Vol. 38, no 6, p. 1092-1100Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Interprofessional education aims to foster healthcare students’ ability to collaborate in interprofessional teams with the patients at the center of care as active participants. However, little is known about how patients experience this collaboration. Therefore, this study aimed to explore patients’ experiences of being involved in the interprofessional team of healthcare students at a clinical training ward in Sweden. A descriptive design with a qualitative approach was used. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews with 22 patients. Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis was used. The main finding was that patients were only included as passive participants. Although most patients wanted to be involved, they were hindered due to their health condition or excluded from care planning and decision-making. The patients needed family members’ support to be involved. However, this need was not recognised by the interprofessional team of healthcare students. Patient involvement must be highlighted as an important component of interprofessional education initiatives. Further research is needed to explore family members’ perspectives on involvement in interprofessional training ward settings.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2024
Keywords
Collaboration, education, interprofessional, patientinvolvement, training ward
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Care science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-71378 (URN)10.1080/13561820.2024.2395971 (DOI)001310415500001 ()39266451 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85204145426 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-09-25 Created: 2024-09-25 Last updated: 2026-04-15Bibliographically approved
4. Family members' experience of involvement in the patient care process on an interprofessional training ward: A qualitative interview study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Family members' experience of involvement in the patient care process on an interprofessional training ward: A qualitative interview study
Show others...
2025 (English)In: Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice, ISSN 2405-4526, Vol. 39, article id 100742Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Involving family members in the care process leads to higher-quality patient care. However, this requires collaboration among various healthcare professionals. At interprofessional training wards, healthcare students learn to work together across different disciplines. However, there is limited knowledge about family members’ involvement in the patient care process during interprofessional education in clinical settings. Aim: This study aimed to explore family members’ experience of involvement in the patient care process on an interprofessional training ward. Method: An inductive content analysis was applied on data from individual interviews with 19 family members of patients admitted to an interprofessional training ward.Results: Family members experienced that they had to be involved in the patient care process to bridge knowledge between the patient and the interprofessional student team in order to influence healthcare and have control over the situation. Moreover, they wanted to be acknowledged as family members and needed transparency in the patient care process. Family members’ involvement was governed by the patient’s needs and influenced by the degree of trust in the interprofessional student team. Conclusion: Interprofessional education activities should focus more on family members’ involvement in the interprofessional training ward.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2025
Keywords
Clinical training ward, Education, Healthcare students, Interprofessional collaboration, Relatives’ participation
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Care science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-74661 (URN)10.1016/j.xjep.2025.100742 (DOI)2-s2.0-86000500790 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2025-03-12 Created: 2025-03-12 Last updated: 2026-04-15Bibliographically approved

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