Antibiotic prophylaxis in dental implant surgery is intended to prevent postoperative infections and early implant failure, but its necessity, particularly in healthy patients undergoing straightforward procedures, remains controversial. While some dentists administer prophylaxis for all cases, others argue against routine use due to its minimal clinical benefit and the potential harm it causes by contributing to the rise of antibiotic resistance. This thesis evaluates the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in implant surgery, focusing on implant survival, infection prevention, administration patterns, and dentists’ decision-making processes. It includes a randomised clinical trial comparing a single preoperative dose of amoxicillin to placebo, a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing implant failure, a cross- sectional study on administration patterns among Swedish dentists, and a qualitative study exploring dentists’ perspectives. The findings show that routine antibiotic prophylaxis does not significantly reduce implant failure or postoperative infections in healthy patients, and that administration practices suggest that more antibiotics are prescribed than are needed, particularly in complex cases involving bone augmentation. Dentists recognise the risk of antibiotic resistance but often prioritise immediate infection prevention that may not be needed, contributing to the potential overuse of antibiotics. These findings underscore the urgent need for clearer, evidence-based guidelines to minimise unnecessary administration and strengthen antibiotic stewardship in dental implant surgery.