Background: This study evaluates whether exposure to dental X-ray examinations in childhood and adolescence results in negative health effects.

Material and methods: This systematic review includes both primary studies and systematic reviews available in Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Six reviewers read the full text of the selected studies.

Results: The literature search resulted in 10,949 publications. After title and abstract screening, 55 publications were selected for full text reading, resulting in a total of 18 reports, 7 systematic reviews, and 11 primary studies for quality assessment.

Conclusion: None of the selected studies passed the quality assessment due to high or very high risk of bias. There is a gap of knowledge regarding negative effects of dental X-rays and a need for more accurate and updated studies.