OBJECTIVES: This paper studies the treatment effect of total joint replacement (TJR) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with alloplastic joint prosthesis regarding function, symptoms and health-related quality of life compared to other surgical and non-surgical treatments in patients with TMJ disorders.

METHODS: Three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were searched up to 11 March 2025. Studies in which TJR was compared with other surgical or non-surgical methods were searched and analyzed. Data extraction and quality assessments were performed by at least two investigators independently. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I-tool. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE.

RESULTS: A total of 2,891 studies were identified in the search. One study met the criteria with comparison of TJR with a control group consisting of patients treated with another surgical method, namely, interpositional arthroplasty. The study investigated the outcome variables such as pain reduction and improvement in mouth opening and had a moderate risk of bias. No significant difference between the groups was found after regression analysis. Quality of life assessment was not the objective of this study. No meta-analysis could be performed from this literature search, for obvious reasons.

CONCLUSION: TMJ reconstruction with alloplastic prostheses is rapidly evolving, with new systems continually entering the market. This review highlights the urgent need for further scientific efforts, including well-designed trials capable of demonstrating the comparative effectiveness of alloplastic TJR against other treatment modalities, ideally randomized trials with controls.