This dissertation investigates the potential impact of Polish presidents on ontological security and national identity, particularly concerning themes of martyrology and victimhood. It analyzes the positions of Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Bronisław Komorowski, and Andrzej Duda since 2001, highlighting their differing approaches to shaping the collective memory of Poles. Theoretical concepts based on the frameworks of cultural trauma, national identity, collective memory, and ontological security were used to conduct the study, emphasizing the complexity and comprehensiveness of the issues. The analysis grouped two trends that guided the presidents in speaking about the responsibility for the pogrom in Jedwabne, which took place on July 10, 1941, in today's eastern Poland territory. In this way, they opposed the formulated traditional narrative, leading to a possible fragmentation of the previous national identity and exposing the Polish nation to possible threats to ontological security. The interview with Andrzej Duda, who sides with the fight for educating the young generation about heroism and sacrifice that Poles had to make, stands in contrast to this attitude. He selectively chooses the situations described from World War II, trying to repair the cohesion and stability of the nation by not admitting guilt to Polish citizens for the murders of Jews in the village. It allows for the strengthening of the current identity based on martyrdom and sacrifice. These discrepancies in presenting the true course of historical events, which have a traumatic background, threaten the ontological security of the nation while introducing implications for the national identity of Poles.