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The Long-term Spectral Changes of Eta Carinae: Are they Caused by a Dissipating Occulter as Indicated by CMFGEN Models?
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Rua do Matão 1226, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brasil.
Department of Physics and Astronomy & Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
SOAR Telescope/NSF's NOIRLab, Avenida Juan Cisternas 1500, 1700000, La Serena, Chile.
Département de Physique and Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec (CRAQ) Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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2023 (English)In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 954Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Eta Carinae (η Car) exhibits a unique set of P Cygni profiles with both broad and narrow components. Over many decades, the spectrum has changed-there has been an increase in observed continuum fluxes and a decrease in Fe II and H I emission-line equivalent widths. The spectrum is evolving toward that of a P Cygni star such as P Cygni itself and HDE 316285. The spectral evolution has been attributed to intrinsic variations such as a decrease in the mass-loss rate of the primary star or differential evolution in a latitudinal-dependent stellar wind. However, intrinsic wind changes conflict with three observational results: the steady long-term bolometric luminosity; the repeating X-ray light curve over the binary period; and the constancy of the dust-scattered spectrum from the Homunculus. We extend previous work that showed a secular strengthening of P Cygni absorptions by adding more orbital cycles to overcome temporary instabilities and by examining more atomic transitions. CMFGEN modeling of the primary wind shows that a time-decreasing mass-loss rate is not the best explanation for the observations. However, models with a small dissipating absorber in our line of sight can explain both the increase in brightness and changes in the emission and P Cygni absorption profiles. If the spectral evolution is caused by the dissipating circumstellar medium, and not by intrinsic changes in the binary, the dynamical timescale to recover from the Great Eruption is much less than a century, different from previous suggestions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP), 2023. Vol. 954
Keywords [en]
Stellar phenomena, Stellar mass loss, 1619, 1613, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-62851DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ace596ISI: 001106484600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85170544478OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-62851DiVA, id: diva2:1800571
Available from: 2023-09-27 Created: 2023-09-27 Last updated: 2023-12-27Bibliographically approved

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Hartman, Henrik

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