Self-perceived oral health (SPOH) and orofacial appearance (OA) are important aspects of health and well-being in older adults, influencing functional ability, self-image, and social participation. The aim of this thesis was to enhance the understanding of how oral health and OA are perceived and experienced by older adults aged 60 years and older within a Swedish context. This thesis is based on data from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC-B) and includes cross-sectional, longitudinal, and qualitative interview studies.

The findings showed that 60-year-olds, irrespective of birth cohort, generally perceived their oral health and OA as satisfactory, and that these perceptions remained relatively stable over an 18-year follow-up. At the same time, perceptions of OA were characterized by complexity and ambivalence. Older adults expressed a dual perception of their own OA, where societal ideals of youthfulness coexisted with a negative view of striving for a youthful-looking appearance. Dental aspects were primarily emphasized by those with dental problems. Perceptions of others’ OA were similarly nuanced, where qualities such as warmth and charisma could outweigh physical appearance, while societal norms continued to influence what was considered a normal-looking appearance.

In conclusion, older adults generally perceive their oral health and OA as satisfactory and relatively stable over time; however, perceptions of appearance are complex and shaped by both individual experiences and societal norms. Taking older adults’ perspectives on oral health and OA into account may contribute to a better understanding of these interrelationships and thereby support the development of a more person-centered approach in encounters with older adults within dental care and other healthcare settings.