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Exploring young people's experiences of race, gender and socioeconomic status in relation to everyday challenges: A focus group study
Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Care Science (VV).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8592-9692
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala Universitet.
Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Social Work (SA).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9099-9123
Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Care Science (VV). (Proheq)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5509-5049
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2024 (English)In: Children & society, ISSN 0951-0605, E-ISSN 1099-0860, Vol. 38, no 1, p. 228-244Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Reports indicate a decrease in youth mental health in Sweden but at the same time research suggests that what is interpreted as mental ill-health could be considered everyday challenges by young people themselves. The distribution of mental health and illness among young people is uneven based on inequities related to factors such as race, gender and socioeconomic status. Sweden in particular is a country with large socioeconomic inequities in youth mental health and in school results, compared to other European countries. The aim of this study was to explore young people's experiences of the role of race, gender and socioeconomic status in relation to everyday challenges. Sixty-five young people aged 13–15 years old were recruited by student health services and participated in focus group discussions at schools in the southernmost part of Sweden. Data were analysed by secondary analysis with deductive qualitative content analysis using Ecosocial theory of disease distribution as theoretical framework. The analysis resulted in one main theme; Navigating inequities to gain and keep social status, with three underlying themes; Guided by social norms, Negative impact in everyday life and Importance of family influence. Participants were aware and critical of norms and expectations related to race, gender and socioeconomic status. Experiences of prejudice and unfairness was both own lived experiences by the participants as well as observed through friends and classmates. Young people spontaneously identify everyday challenges related to race, gender and socioeconomic status, even when not asked directly about these issues. Conforming to sexist, racist and classist, expectations is a way to lose and gain status in a school setting. Many of the inequities discussed related to socioeconomic status and the direct consequences of having or not having money. Young people's everyday experience of inequities is important to consider in youth mental health promotion aiming to tackle health inequities. Further research is needed on those experiences and how this affects mental health.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2024. Vol. 38, no 1, p. 228-244
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-59106DOI: 10.1111/chso.12718ISI: 000951574600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85150983307OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-59106DiVA, id: diva2:1748860
Available from: 2023-04-04 Created: 2023-04-04 Last updated: 2026-03-04Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. "Sometimes it feels like it's just for show": Discourses, experiences, and practices of equity in relation to everyday challenges, youth mental health, and public youth mental health promotion
Open this publication in new window or tab >>"Sometimes it feels like it's just for show": Discourses, experiences, and practices of equity in relation to everyday challenges, youth mental health, and public youth mental health promotion
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Youth mental health as well as health equity are well-discussed topics within the public debate and within public health. Swedish young people who are being marginalized, for instance in relation to race, gender, class, ability, gender identity or sexual identity, are experiencing more mental ill health than other young people. Despite this knowledge, youth mental health programs do not seem to consider aspects of health inequities in the planning, conducting, or evaluation of interventions. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore understandings, meanings, and practices of equity in relation to everyday challenges, youth mental health, and public youth mental health promotion in Sweden. The thesis is a compilation of four qualitative studies. The first two are focus group studies with young people, the third is a critical discourse analysis of regional action plans for mental health, and the fourth a participatory action research study with practitioners working with young people. For the purpose of this thesis, the findings from each study were analyzed based on the overall aim of the thesis and synthesized. From the synthetization of the findings of the four studies, the different perspectives of young people, practitioners, and policy provided varied understandings, meanings, and practices of equity. The understandings of equity are represented by Equity as an ideal. The meanings of equity are represented by Equity as tangible inequities. The practices of equity are represented by Equity as (in) action. For inequities to become equity and for equity to become more than an ideal, actions on systemic injustices are needed. Action must come from participation by those marginalized by the unjust system and those hit hardest by youth mental health inequities, in order to lead to meaningful and sustainable change. Youth participation should not only entail practitioners inviting young people to participate, but also practitioners and policy supporting youth selforganization for mental health justice. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö: Malmö University Press, 2026. p. 91
Series
Malmö University Health and Society Dissertations, ISSN 1653-5383, E-ISSN 2004-9277 ; 2026:2
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Research subject
Health and society studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-82536 (URN)10.24834/isbn.9789178777044 (DOI)978-91-7877-703-7 (ISBN)978-91-7877-704-4 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-03-06, Allmänna sjukhuset, HS aula, Jan Waldenströms gata 25, Malmö, 09:00
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Supervisors
Available from: 2026-02-06 Created: 2026-02-06 Last updated: 2026-02-13Bibliographically approved

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Gard, HelenaIngvarsdotter, KarinIsma, Gabriella EMangrio, Elisabeth

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