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Impact of direct oral anticoagulants on bleeding tendency and postoperative complications in oral surgery: a systematic review of controlled studies
Malmö University, Faculty of Odontology (OD).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0730-1020
Malmö University, Faculty of Odontology (OD).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6337-4988
Department of Vascular Diseases and HTA Syd, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö/Lund, Sweden.
Malmö University, Faculty of Odontology (OD).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2597-1025
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2023 (English)In: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology, ISSN 2212-4403, E-ISSN 2212-4411, Vol. 135, no 3, p. 333-346, article id S2212-4403(22)01047-1Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

OBJECTIVE: The recommendations for the management of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in oral surgery are inconsistent. The present review evaluated whether DOACs increase the risk of bleeding during oral surgery and postoperative complications.

STUDY DESIGN: The patients undergoing oral surgery and receiving a DOAC were compared with the patients receiving a DOAC different from the exposure, a vitamin K antagonist (VKA), or no anticoagulant. Three electronic databases were searched for eligible clinical trials and systematic reviews. The risk of bias was assessed, data were extracted, a meta-analysis was done, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations certainty-of-evidence ratings were determined.

RESULTS: Three clinical trials comparing patients receiving DOAC medication with patients on a VKA were eligible. A meta-analysis of bleeding 7 days postoperatively detected no significant differences between patients continuing DOAC or VKA medication during and after surgery. All of the point estimates favored uninterrupted DOAC over VKA therapy. Tranexamic acid was topically administered to some patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on an interpreted trend among 3 studies with mixed patient populations, the risk of bleeding during the first 7 postoperative days may be lower for patients on uninterrupted DOAC than VKA therapy (⨁⨁⭘⭘), but the effect size of the risk is unclear. 80 of 274 included patients experienced postoperative bleeding.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023. Vol. 135, no 3, p. 333-346, article id S2212-4403(22)01047-1
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-56338DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.07.003ISI: 000990228100001PubMedID: 36100547Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85137711821OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-56338DiVA, id: diva2:1715164
Available from: 2022-12-01 Created: 2022-12-01 Last updated: 2026-01-19Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Anticoagulants in oral surgery
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Anticoagulants in oral surgery
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Tooth extraction is the most common oral surgical procedure performed by dentists. It may require temporary discontinuation of anticoagulants to reduce the risk of bleeding. However, discontinuing anticoagulants can increase the potential risk of life-threatening thromboembolism. There is conflicting advice regarding whether direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) should be discontinued during and after tooth extractions. Nevertheless, it is standard practice to perform tooth extractions while patients are still taking warfarin.

This thesis evaluates whether it is necessary to discontinue DOACs during and after tooth extractions. It includes a prospective clinical cohort study and a systematic review with meta-analysis, both of which assess the risk of bleeding in patients who continue to use DOACs during and after simple and surgical tooth extractions. Additionally, the thesis incorporates a laboratory study that evaluates a method for measuring blood loss during oral surgery, as well as a population-based cohort study assessing the general risk of bleeding and thrombosis for patients using various antithrombotic medications.

The main finding of the thesis is that the risk of bleeding after both simple and surgical tooth extractions seems to be lower for patients receiving uninterrupted DOACs, compared to those receiving vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin. Therefore, patients may safely continue DOAC use during and after simple and surgical extractions. This eliminates the potentially higher risk of serious thromboembolic events that are associated with a pause in anticoagulant therapy. To minimise the risk of bleeding that requires treatment, it is essential to apply effective local haemostatic measures and provide patients with clear post-operative instructions.

Abstract [sv]

Tandborttagning är den vanligaste kirurgiska behandlingen som tandläkare gör. I samband med tandborttagning kan blodförtunnande mediciner behöva pausas för att minska risken för blödning. Problemet är att ett uppehåll i medicineringen kan öka risken för blodproppar – något som kan leda till livshotande tillstånd som stroke. Därför är det viktigt att undvika onödiga pauser.

Den här avhandlingen fokuserar på en grupp av blodförtunnande mediciner som kallas direkta orala antikoagulantia (DOAK). Den mest använda av dessa är Eliquis®. När patienter som tar DOAK behöver ta bort en tand finns det olika riktlinjer för om medicinen ska pausas eller inte – och råden skiljer sig åt. Detta är intressant eftersom man sedan länge har tagit bort tänder på patienter som använder den äldre medicinen Waran® utan att göra uppehåll i behandlingen.

Risken för blödning vid tandborttagning hos personer som tar DOAK utan uppehåll undersöktes på två sätt: genom att sammanställa tidigare forskning och genom att ta bort tänder hos patienter som tog DOAK eller Waran® utan paus. En annan del av arbetet gjordes i ett laboratorium. Där testades viktiga delar av en metod som går ut på att mäta blodförlust i samband med att tänder tas bort. Dessutom användes information från flera olika register för att undersöka risken för blödning och blodproppar i allmänhet hos de som tar olika blodförtunnande mediciner.

Det viktigaste fyndet är att det verkar vara lägre risk för blödning efter tandborttagning hos de som tar DOAK utan uppehåll jämfört med de som tar Waran®. Detta gäller oavsett om en eller flera tänder tas bort och oavsett om det sker genom utdragning eller operation. De blödningar som kan uppstå hos de som tar DOAK är oftast små och kan hanteras hemma – om patienten fått tydliga instruktioner. Det är också viktigt att tandläkaren syr och använder blodstillande medel för att ytterligare minska risken för blödning.

Sammanfattningsvis kan patienter fortsätta ta DOAK utan uppehåll vid tandborttagning. På så sätt undviker man ökad risk för blodproppar, och blödningarna som kan uppstå är oftast små och lätta att hantera.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö: Malmö University Press, 2026. p. 89
Series
Malmö University Odontological Dissertations, ISSN 1650-6065, E-ISSN 2004-9307
Keywords
Oral surgical procedures, Anticoagulants, Oral hemorrhage, Warfarin
National Category
Odontology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-81925 (URN)10.24834/isbn.9789178777006 (DOI)9789178776993 (ISBN)978-91-7877-700-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-02-27, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, 09:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Paper 4 in dissertation published as manuscript, not included in the full text online.

Available from: 2026-01-19 Created: 2026-01-19 Last updated: 2026-01-28Bibliographically approved

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Johansson, KristerGötrick, BengtTranæus, SofiaNaimi-Akbar, Aron

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