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Distal movement of maxillary molars. Studies of efficiency and timing of treatment
Malmö högskola, Faculty of Odontology (OD).
2008 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Den vanligaste bettavvikelsen som behandlas bland barn och ungdomar är trångställning. När funktionellt och estetiskt störande trångställning i överkäken ska behandlas kan man vanligtvis ta bort tänder eller flytta de första stora kindtänderna (sexårständerna) bakåt för att sedan göra tandraden jämn. Det finns flera vetenskapliga studier som beskriver behandlingseffekterna av olika tandställningar för att flytta de stora kindtänderna bakåt. Det är oklart vilken typ av tandställning som är effektivast och i allmänhet saknas ett evidensbaserat perspektiv. Det är också oklart vid vilken tidpunkt som det är mest effektivt att flytta sexårständerna bakåt, dvs. före eller efter det att de andra stora kindtänderna kommit på plats i tandbågen. Licentiatavhandlingen är baserad på följande studier: Med randomiserad kontrollerad studiedesign var syftet i Studie I att utvärdera behandlingseffekterna av två olika tandställningar för att flytta överkäkens sexårständer bakåt i tandbågen. Fyrtio patienter randomiserades, 20 till en avtagbar tandställning (extraoralt drag) och 20 patienter till en fast tandställning. Studie II hade syftet att analysera när behandlingen var effektivast, dvs. att tandreglera sexårstanden bakåt innan eller efter att den bakomvarande stora kindtanden kommit på plats i tandbågen. I ramberättelsen utfördes dessutom en systematisk litteraturöversikt med syfte att på ett evidensbaserat sätt utvärdera olika metoders effektivitet i att tandreglera de stora kindtänderna bakåt i tandbågen och att göra en kvalitetsbedömning av de utvalda studierna. Översikten omfattade tidsperioden från januari 1966 t o m april 2008 vilket innebar att bedömningen även inkluderade studierna I och II. Konklusioner: • Fast tandställning var effektivare än avtagbar för att flytta de första stora kindtänderna bakåt i tandbågen. • Sidoeffekter i form av 1-2 mm ökat överbett (förankringsförlust) uppstod vid behandling med fast tandställning medan avtagbar tandställning bidrog till minskat överbett. • Det var mest effektivt att tandreglera sexårstanden bakåt innan den bakomvarande stora kindtanden kommit på plats i tandbågen. • I litteraturen fanns det begränsat bevisvärde för att fast tandställning är mer effektiv än avtagbar för bakåtförflyttning av första stora kindtanden i överkäken och att sidoeffekter (1-2 mm ökat överbett) blir följden av den fastsittande apparaturen. • Det är fortfarande svårt att via litteraturen dra några slutsatser om vilken typ av fast tandställning som är mest effektiv och därför behövs det ännu mer forskning om detta.

Abstract [en]

Maxillary molar distalization is a frequently used treatment method in cases with crowding associated with dental Class II molar relationship or Class I skeletal relationship. Despite the fact that several studies have been published concerning the treatment outcome of different appliances for distal movement of maxillary molars, it is still difficult to interpret the results and evidence presented in these studies because a variety of study designs, sample sizes and research approaches exists. In view of this, well-designed randomized clinical trials comparing patient compliant and non patient compliant extra- and intraoral appliance as methods of distalizing maxillary first molars is desirable as well as a systematic review of the present knowledge. Furthermore, there is a need for further evaluations and knowledge about the most appropriate time to move maxillary molars distally, i.e. evaluation of movement efficiency including anchorage loss before and after eruption of second maxillary molars. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the outcome measures by distalizing maxillary molars with either the conventional extraoral traction (EOA) or a intraoral fixed appliance (IOA) and also to evaluate the optimal timing of distalizing treatment – either before or after the eruption of the second maxillary molars. This thesis was based on two studies and a systematic review included in the frame story: Paper I was a randomized controlled trial involving 40 patients in orthodontic treatment. The study evaluated and compared the treatment effects of an EOA and an IOA for distal molar movement of maxillary first molars. Paper II was a retrospective study involving 40 patients evaluating the maxillary molar distalization and anchorage loss in two groups, one before (MD 1 group) and one after eruption of second maxillary molars (MD 2 group). The systematic literature search was made in 4 different databases to determine what appliances for distal molar movement of maxillary molars have been evaluated in an evidence based manner and with focus on the most efficient method and outcome of molar movement and anchorage loss. Also, the evidence-based standard of Paper I and II was evaluated. These conclusions were drawn: • The IOA was more effective than the EOA to create distal movement of maxillary first molars, and thus, for the clinician the IOA is the most favourable method. • Moderate and acceptable anchorage loss was produced with the IOA implying increased overjet whereas the EOA created decreased overjet. • The two appliances did not have any considerable corrective effect on Class II skeletal relationships and these appliances shall therefore only be used in cases of moderate dental sagittal discrepancies and arch-length deficiencies. • The most opportune time to move maxillary first molars distally is before eruption of the second molars, since molar movement is then most effective and the anchorage loss lesser. • There is limited level of evidence that intraoral appliance is more efficient than extraoral to create distal movement of maxillary molars and that anchorage loss was produced with the intraoral appliance. • It is still difficult to draw any conclusions as to which of the intraoral appliances that were the most effective, and therefore, more RCTs are desireable.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö University , 2008. , p. 73
Series
Malmö University Odontological Dissertations, ISSN 1650-6065
Keywords [en]
Orthodontics, Distal molar movement
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7764Local ID: 7119ISBN: 91-7104-300-4 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-7764DiVA, id: diva2:1404705
Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2022-06-27Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Extraoral vs intraoral appliance for distal movement of maxillary first molars: a randomized controlled trial
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Extraoral vs intraoral appliance for distal movement of maxillary first molars: a randomized controlled trial
2005 (English)In: Angle orthodontist, ISSN 0003-3219, E-ISSN 1945-7103, Vol. 75, no 5, p. 699-706Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Abstract [en]

Using randomized controlled trial methodology, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the treatment effects of an extraoral appliance (EOA) and an intraoral appliance (IOA) for distal movement of maxillary first molars. A total of 40 patients (mean 11.5 years, SD 1.29) at the Orthodontic Clinic, National Health Service, Skane County Council, Malmö, Sweden, were randomized to receive treatment with either extraoral traction (cervical headgear) or an IOA us-ing superelastic coils for distal movement of maxillary first molars. The inclusion criteria were a nonextraction treatment plan, a Class II molar relationship and maxillary first molars in occlusion with no erupted maxillary second molars. The outcome measures to be assessed in the trial were treatment time, cephalometric analysis of distal molar movement, anterior movement of maxillary central incisors, ie, anchorage loss and sagittal and vertical skeletal positional changes of the maxilla and mandible. In the IOA group, the molars were distalized during an average time of 5.2 months, whereas in the EOA group the corresponding time was 6.4 months (P < .01). The mean amount of distal molar movement was significantly higher in the IOA than in the EOA group, three mm vs 1.7 mm (P < .001). Moderate anchorage loss was produced with the IOA implying increased overjet (0.9 mm) whereas the EOA created decreased overjet (0.9 mm). It can be concluded that the IOA was more effective than the EOA to create distal movement of the maxillary first molars.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Angle Society, 2005
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-15417 (URN)000231793000001 ()16279817 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-24744468454 (Scopus ID)3013 (Local ID)3013 (Archive number)3013 (OAI)
Available from: 2020-03-30 Created: 2020-03-30 Last updated: 2024-05-23Bibliographically approved
2. Intraoral maxillary molar distalization
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Intraoral maxillary molar distalization
2006 (English)In: Angle orthodontist, ISSN 0003-3219, E-ISSN 1945-7103, Vol. 76, no 6, p. 923-929Article in journal (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the maxillary molar distalization and anchorage loss in two groups, one before (MD 1 group) and one after (MD 2 group) eruption of second maxillary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After a sample size calculation, 20 patients were recruited for each group from patients who fulfilled the following criteria: no orthodontic treatment before distal molar movement, Class II molar relationship defined by at least end-to-end molar relationship, space deficiency in the maxilla, and use of an intra-arch NiTi coil appliance with a Nance appliance to provide anchorage. Patients in the MD 1 group were without any erupted second molars during the distalization period, whereas in the MD 2 group both the first and second molars were in occlusion at start of treatment. The main outcome measures to be assessed were: treatment time, ie, time in months to achieve a normal molar relation, distal movement of maxillary first molars, and anterior movement of maxillary incisors (anchorage loss). The mean age in the MD 1 group was 11.4 years; in the MD 2 group, 14.6 years. RESULTS: The amount of distal movement of the first molars was significantly greater (P < .01) and the anchorage loss was significantly lower (P < .01) in the group with no second molars erupted. The molar distalization time was also significantly shorter (P < .001) in this group, and thus the movement rate was two times higher. CONCLUSIONS: It is more effective to distalize the first maxillary molars before the second molars have erupted.

National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-5889 (URN)10.2319/110805-390 (DOI)000241788000003 ()17090171 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-33750587541 (Scopus ID)3581 (Local ID)3581 (Archive number)3581 (OAI)
Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2024-02-05Bibliographically approved

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