The chapter discusses some of the primary security dilemmas and challenges posed by the civil war that will need to be confronted by international organizations or states compelled to intervene and/or assist in the resolution of this crisis in Syria. The chapter describes the challenges of stopping the current violence in Syria, and the more daunting task of preventing a further conflagration. The chapter also provides some sense of the scope and timeline of the Syrian conflict along with some of the immediate security challenges that need to be grappled with before any engagements of the conflict will be successful. It also notes whether the events are of apportion blame or re-litigate the arguments for American military and administrative intervention presented at this stage and highlights the dramatic and horrifying moments in Syrian civil war.