Playful lines from reed and steel – on Töpffers use of drawing tools
Rodolphe Töpffer praised pens made of reed (roseau), which he found far better than those made of feather or steel. He even called out his detest of steel nib pens as he associated them with the then ongoing industrialization. (Kaenel 1996, 32), “J’ai les plumes en metal en abomination.” (Ville de Genève 1996). He obviously changed his mind, because in a later text, he suddenly embraced the soft and flexible lithographic steel nib pen, specially made for drawing on stone, even though he never did that himself (Töpffer 1842b, 172).
Alois Senefelder stated that the steel nib pen is a vital tool for drawing on stone and described in detail how to manufacture such a pen by cutting and etching a piece of steel from a watch-spring. (Senefelder 1818, 202-206). Hullmandel, concurs as he wrote that quills and pens very soon are blunted by the nature of the stone and the ink and recommended pens made of a thin piece of steel, bent in the form of half a cylinder and fixed on a common quill (1820, 52).
Töpffer seems to have appreciated the thin and precise line of the lithographic steel nib pen and stated that the ordinary steel pens bought at merchants were not thin and flexible enough and risked piercing the paper (Töpffer 1842b, 172). This shift from reed to steel is explained by a wish to create clarity and legibility for the benefit of the reader (Kaenel 1996, 32). Steel nib pens are considered standard praxis within comics production today, and deeply affected comics in an esthetic sense.
In this paper, experiments with pens made of reed and steel will be presented. The aim is to understand how this shift affected the playfulness and lively lines, not only of Töpffers drawings, but of comics in general.
References:
Hullmandel, Charles (1820). The Art of Drawing on Stone: Giving a Full Explanation of the Various Styles, of the Different Methods to be Employed to Ensure Success, and of the Modes of Correcting, as Well as of the Several Causes of Failure. London: C. Hullmandel [Electronic] https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007661548/Home (Retrieved 2024-02-14)
Musée d’art et d’histoire Departement des affaires culturelles de la Ville de Genève (1996) Rodolphe Töpffer (1799 – 1845) – Aventures graphiques (CD-ROM). Cd-rom. Ljud. Ecom2. Aif
Kaenel, Philippe (1996), in Boissonnas, Lucien, Töpffer, Rodolphe & Maggetti, Daniel (red.) (1996). Töpffer. Genève: Skira
Senefelder, Alois (1818). Vollständiges Lehrbuch der Steindruckerey enthaltend eine richtige und deutliche Anweisung zu den verschiedenen Manipulations-Arten derselben in allen ihren Zweigen und Manieren, belegt mit den nöthigen Musterblättern, nebst einer vorangehenden ausführlichen Geschichte dieser Kunst .... München:
Töpffer, Rodolphe: Essais d'autographie. Genève : Schmid, (1842a). Bibliothèque de Genève. , Coll. Suz. 124 [Electronic] https://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-80513 / Public Domain Mark (Retrieved 2019-09-17)
Töpffer, Rodolphe (1842b). “Notice sur les Essais d’autographie” Courriere de Genève 1842-07-02, in Töpffer, Rodolphe, 1799-1846. - L' invention de la bande dessinée / Töpffer ; textes réunis et présentés par Thierry Groensteen et Benoît Peeters. - 1994.