PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to identify patient-specific and/or surgery-specific factors that may predict complications following orthognathic surgery, using data from the Swedish National Register of Orthognathic Surgery (NROK).

METHODS: In this retrospective register-based cohort study, data from NROK (2017-2020) was analyzed to identify risk factors for complications following single-jaw maxilla surgery, mandibular surgery, and bimaxillary surgery. Outcome data on postoperative infection (POI), removal of osteosynthesis material, re-operation, and persistent neurosensory disturbance (NSD) were collected 12-months postoperatively.

RESULTS: Among the 428 patients included in the study, 100 had single-jaw maxilla surgery, 130 had mandible surgery, and 198 had bimaxillary surgery. The site of surgery showed to be the main factor linked to postoperative complications after orthognathic surgery. Mandibular interventions and bimaxillary surgery increased the risk of POI, removal of osteosynthesis material and NSD more than three (3) times compared to maxillary surgery. For re-operation, there was no significant difference between the groups. Other factors associated with increased risk were overweight, age over forty, smoking, and no postoperative antibiotics.

CONCLUSION: Mandibular and bimaxillary procedures are associated with increased postoperative complication rates. Age, BMI, smoking, and antibiotic use should be considered in preoperative planning and postoperative care.

Aims: Smoking increases the risk of developing severe diseases. However, the effects of snus are less known. We aimed to create a cohort on tobacco exposure by collecting data from the Swedish Public Dental Service. The cohort will be used to study even rare health outcomes of both smoking and snus.

Methods: In Sweden, 35% (2021) of the adult population and 85% (2021) of all children use the Public Dental Service. The dental practitioner asks about tobacco use and registers replies in patients’ records. We have now assembled a database of all available such data in the country and linked them to other national health and social registers, forming the Swedish Tobacco Cohort (SWETOC). SWETOC is hence a cohort with prospectively designed data collection.

Results: Out of all 21 regions in Sweden, 19 participated, and approximately 5.5 million unique individuals provided tobacco data. Registrations dated from 1994 to 2023. All participating regions provided data from at least 2015 and forward. Overall prevalence for smoking was 12%, and 13% for snus. More men used snus than women, and there were regional differences in tobacco use patterns. Gender distribution was around equal at all age levels. Some regions provided additional tobacco information such as amount and type of product used, willingness for tobacco cessation, and notes in free text.

Conclusions: SWETOC is a novel resource that can be used to close the current and future knowledge gaps regarding the health outcomes of smoked and smokeless tobacco.

BACKGROUND: No consistent approach to the management of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) during and after oral surgery has been established. Thus, DOACs may be unnecessarily discontinued, raising the potential risk of life-threatening thromboembolism. To address the inconsistency in this approach, our study assessed the risk of bleeding and other complications in patients who continue to use DOACs during and after simple and surgical tooth extractions.

METHODS: Between May 2016 and December 2023, this prospective study recruited patients aged 18 years or older who were receiving a DOAC or warfarin and were in need of simple or surgical extractions of one or more teeth. Local haemostatic agents were being used to control bleeding. Patients were instructed to manage minor postoperative bleeding at home by biting down on gauze soaked in tranexamic acid for at least 30 min. After surgery, all patients were followed for 7 days. The chi-squared test compared dichotomous variables; the two-sample t-test, continuous variables; logistic regressions, dichotomous outcomes; and linear regressions, continuous outcomes.

RESULTS: In all, 354 teeth were extracted from 160 patients receiving DOACs and 56 patients receiving warfarin. The incidence of any type of postoperative bleeding was 27% in patients receiving DOACs and 37% in those receiving warfarin (OR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.28-1.57; p = 0.35). Most patients were able to manage any bleeding at home themselves. Clinically relevant bleeding necessitating prompt evaluation or a secondary surgical intervention by a dentist or healthcare professional occurred in 3% of patients receiving DOACs and 11% of patients receiving warfarin (OR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.08-1.06; p = 0.06). No reports of major bleeding requiring hospitalization or blood transfusion were found. Perioperative bleeding volume was comparable between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving DOACs without interruption during surgery may have a lower risk of bleeding than those on warfarin. Patients may safely continue to use DOACs during and after simple and surgical extractions. This eliminates the potentially higher risk of serious thromboembolic events that are associated with a pause in anticoagulant therapy.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04662515). Retrospectively registered 4 December 2020.

Although craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma is a factor recognized as contributing to the development of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD), large population-based research on CMF trauma and subsequent TMJD is lacking. Additionally, it is unknown how previous CMF trauma affects work disability reimbursements for patients with TMJD (pwTMJD). This Swedish registry-based study included 33,315 pwTMJD matched to 333,122 individuals from the general population. Both a case-control design and a cohort design were used in this study to evaluate the association between CMF trauma and TMJD, and to investigate how CMF trauma impacts the number of days on work disability among pwTMJD. The main study finding was that many types of previous CMF trauma were strongly associated with TMJD, with mandibular fractures having the strongest association (adjusted odds ratio 11.4). Furthermore, the strongest association for an increased number of annual days on work disability was found for pwTMJD with a history of CMF trauma. These results suggest that CMF trauma influences the developmental path of TMJD, even in a population-based sample.

OBJECTIVES: This paper studies the treatment effect of total joint replacement (TJR) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with alloplastic joint prosthesis regarding function, symptoms and health-related quality of life compared to other surgical and non-surgical treatments in patients with TMJ disorders.

METHODS: Three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were searched up to 11 March 2025. Studies in which TJR was compared with other surgical or non-surgical methods were searched and analyzed. Data extraction and quality assessments were performed by at least two investigators independently. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I-tool. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE.

RESULTS: A total of 2,891 studies were identified in the search. One study met the criteria with comparison of TJR with a control group consisting of patients treated with another surgical method, namely, interpositional arthroplasty. The study investigated the outcome variables such as pain reduction and improvement in mouth opening and had a moderate risk of bias. No significant difference between the groups was found after regression analysis. Quality of life assessment was not the objective of this study. No meta-analysis could be performed from this literature search, for obvious reasons.

CONCLUSION: TMJ reconstruction with alloplastic prostheses is rapidly evolving, with new systems continually entering the market. This review highlights the urgent need for further scientific efforts, including well-designed trials capable of demonstrating the comparative effectiveness of alloplastic TJR against other treatment modalities, ideally randomized trials with controls.

Background: Previous studies from various countries have shown disparities in the provision of dental care and orthodontic treatment. This study analyzes the impact of sociodemographic factors on the distribution of publicly funded specialist orthodontic treatment for children and adolescents in a mid-sized Swedish region.

Methods: A registry-based cohort study including individuals born between 2000 and 2003 was conducted in Region Östergötland, Sweden. Sociodemographic data were obtained from Statistics Sweden (SCB), while dental health information was sourced from the Swedish Quality Registry for Caries and Periodontal Disease (SKaPa). Data on specialist orthodontic treatment were extracted from dental records.

Results: The cohort comprised 16,893 individuals, with 51.5% males and 48.5% females. Specialist orthodontic treatment was initiated for 25.7% of the population (n = 4,342). Several sociodemographic factors were associated with the likelihood of receiving orthodontic treatment. Females had 1.74 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.63–1.87) than males. Individuals born in Sweden had 1.42 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.18–1.72) compared to those born abroad. Similarly, those with Swedish-born parents had 1.16 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.04–1.30) than children with foreign-born parents. Children whose mothers had a university or college education had an OR of 1.29 (95% CI: 1.12–1.48), while those whose fathers had a university or college education had an OR of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.05–1.34), compared to those whose parents had only primary or lower secondary education.

Conclusions: Males, individuals born outside Sweden, those with foreign-born parents, and whose parents had lower educational levels were less likely to receive publicly funded orthodontic treatment. These findings suggest that sociodemographic factors influenced the distribution of orthodontic care, although the role of treatment demand requires further investigation.

Background: In Sweden, dental care for children and adolescents, including specialist orthodontic treatment, is publicly funded. This study aims to analyze the impact of sociodemographic factors on the distribution of publicly funded specialist orthodontic treatment in a mid-sized Swedish region. Methods: A registry-based cohort study was conducted in Region Östergötland, including individuals born between 2000 and 2003. Sociodemographic data were obtained from Statistics Sweden (SCB), while dental health information was sourced from The Swedish Quality Registry for Caries and Periodontal Disease (SKaPa). The primary outcome variable was initiation of specialist orthodontic treatment, extracted from dental records. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata v.18.1. Results: The cohort comprised 16 893 individuals, with 51.5% males and 48.5% females. Specialist orthodontic treatment was initiated for 25.7% of the population (n = 4 342), with most treatments involving fixed appliances. Several sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with the likelihood of receiving orthodontic treatment. Females had 1.74 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.63–1.87) of receiving treatment compared to males. Individuals born in Sweden had 1.42 times greater odds (95% CI: 1.18–1.72) of receiving treatment compared to those born abroad. Similarly, children with Swedish-born parents had 1.16 times increased odds (95% CI: 1.04–1.30) compared to children with foreign-born parents. Children of mothers with university/college education had an OR of 1.29 (95% CI: 1.12–1.48), while those whose fathers had a university/college education had an OR of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.05–1.34), compared to parents with primary/lower secondary education. Conclusions: Males, individuals born outside Sweden, those with foreign born parents, and whose parents had lower educational levels were less likely to receive orthodontic treatment within the publicly funded dental health services in Region Östergötland. These findings suggest that sociodemographic factors influenced the distribution of orthodontic care, though the role of treatment demand requires further investigation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes to the composition of a panel of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) posterior disc attachment in relation to the diagnoses disc displacement with/without reduction (DDwR, DDwoR).

DESIGN: Patients scheduled for arthroscopy or open joint surgery due to DDwR or DDwoR were eligible for inclusion. During surgery biopsies of the posterior disc attachment were harvested. Proteins were extracted from the biopsies and screened using multiplex bead analysis for 23 different ECM proteins. Patients with DDwR served as controls to DDwoR. The variables gender, age, symptom duration, previous trauma, and Wilkes criteria were assessed in relation to the protein concentrations with a quantile regression model. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: DDwoR patients had smaller preoperative mouth opening capacity (p < 0.001) and shorter symptom duration (p = 0.007) compared to DDwR. Patients with a sudden onset of DDwoR more often had trauma to the jaws as an inciting event compared to delayed onset DDwoR (p = 0.014). In the adjusted analyses, ADAMTS13 (p = 0.000), aggrecan (p = 0.012), collagen IVα1 (p = 0.001), Lumican (p = 0.008), MMP-7 (p = 0.000), MMP-10 (p = 0.043), NCAM-1 (p = 0.006), Tenascin C (p = 0.030), TIMP-2 (p = 0.000), and TIMP-3 (p = 0.027) had significantly higher concentrations in DDwoR. MMP-9 (p = 0.019) and syndecan-4 (p = 0.002) demonstrated a positive strong correlation to female gender. A higher Wilkes criteria corresponded to a higher protein composition similarly to how protein composition increased in DDwoR compared to DDwR.

CONCLUSION: ECM protein composition changes with TMJ diagnoses and Wilkes criteria suggesting degenerative changes as a main factor. Gender seems to marginally affect the ECM.

Background: This study evaluates whether exposure to dental X-ray examinations in childhood and adolescence results in negative health effects.

Material and methods: This systematic review includes both primary studies and systematic reviews available in Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Six reviewers read the full text of the selected studies.

Results: The literature search resulted in 10,949 publications. After title and abstract screening, 55 publications were selected for full text reading, resulting in a total of 18 reports, 7 systematic reviews, and 11 primary studies for quality assessment.

Conclusion: None of the selected studies passed the quality assessment due to high or very high risk of bias. There is a gap of knowledge regarding negative effects of dental X-rays and a need for more accurate and updated studies.

This meta-review evaluated the possibility of more specified recommendations in antibiotic treatment through a narrowed focus on facial trauma. The aim was to analyze the effect of different regimens of antibiotic in treatment of skeletal trauma to the face. The knowledge mapping was based on existing systematic reviews (SRs) on trials specified in a PICO: Participants (P): Adults and children, diagnosed with fractures to the facial skeleton. Interventions (I): Antibiotic intervention. Comparator (C): Placebo, no antibiotics. Outcomes (O): Postoperative infection, pain, re-operation, other complications, healing deficiencies, (Oral) Health related Quality of Life, removal of osteosynthesis, adverse reactions. The literature search in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science according to PRISMA resulted in 1487 records. A COVIDENCE selection process resulted in 29 articles retrieved and read in full text revealing 10 articles eligible for evaluated according to ROBIS. Three SRs were considered to have low risk of bias and constituted the final evidence evaluation. The meta-review of these SRs did not provide sufficient support for prolonged antibiotic treatment after surgical intervention of midfacial fractures in comparison with antibiotics only the first day postoperatively. No support for antibiotic treatment for conservatively managed fractures alone was found. This review is limited by a relatively low number of included SRs. However, tendencies in outcomes suggests a restricted duration of antibiotics in treatment of facial fractures.