The role of sociology in post-USSR transformations, nation-democracy building, prodemocratic revolutions, and crises caused by the pandemic and Russia’s war against Ukraine is the focus of analysis. For a systematic description, explanation, and interpretation of this role, a threefold concept of the “power of science” is applied, reflecting the influence of science on the production of knowledge, the understanding of common life, and public policy. The empirical analysis is based on monograph publications of leading Ukrainian sociologists from 1991 to 2023, as well as analytical materials from prominent Ukrainian sociological institutions available on their websites and reflections of sociologists on Ukrainian sociology presented in specialized scientific publications and published interviews. The power of sociology is analyzed in three dimensions: institutional power, power of discourse, and power of doing. This enables us to justify the central conclusion about the distinguishing feature of Ukrainian sociology throughout the decades of its institutional development, which is its proactive intellectual and social position as a science and profession deeply rooted in the national sociological tradition. This feature, in its multiple dimensions and manifestations, defines the role of Ukrainian sociology as an activator of the national liberation movement, democratization, and the processes of nation-state and civil society development. This role is evident in the practices of producing and disseminating sociological knowledge, the functioning of sociological discourse, the functioning of the sociological community and its institutions, and the subjective interaction of sociology with public authority, business, and civil society. The multilevel and diverse impact of Ukrainian sociology on society’s self-awareness, decision-making process, and social control over public authority testifies to the power of sociology as a science and profession.