Med den här studien vill vi ta reda på hur lärare förhåller sig till olika undervisningsmetodersom används inom läs- och skrivinlärning i tidig ålder. Den tidigare forskningen fokuserar kringelevers språkutveckling, digitalt stöd och inkludering samt läs- och skrivinlärning. Kopplingartill ett sociokulturellt perspektiv har gjorts där centrala begrepp såsom verktyg, artefakter,mediering och ZPD har behandlats. Studien genomfördes genom kvalitativa semistruktureradeintervjuer som utgick från en intervjuguide (se bilaga 1). De fyra deltagarna valdes genom ettstrategiskt urval av deltagande lärare som var väl förtrogna med metoderna ASL ochBornholmsmodellen. Alla deltagare i studien är utbildade lärare och har flera års erfarenhet.Resultatet i studien visar på att läraren spelar en central roll som språkande förebild och behöverskapa förutsättningar för alla elever utifrån elevens enskilda nivå. Lärarna i studien skaparförutsättningar för elevernas läs- och skrivutveckling genom digitala verktyg, stödstruktureroch rutiner i klassrummet.

Background: Each year, approximately 4,000 people in Sweden are diagnosed with lung cancer, one of the cancers with the poorest prognosis. The five-year survival rate is about 13% among men and approximately 19% among women. Symptoms usually manifest at a late stage of the disease course, which contributes to delayed diagnosis. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe the experiences of daily life among people with lung cancer. Method: Systematic searches were conducted in CINAHL and PubMed. A total of 257 articles were identified, of which 10 were included after relevance assessment. The articles were quality appraised using the SBU appraisal template and analysed according to Popenoe. Results: Four categories were identified; Meaning-making strategies in daily life with the subcategories; Coping through daily activities and The significance of hope in everyday life. Symptom burden affected identity with the subcategories; Physical symptoms altered self-image and Existential aspects of daily life. Social relationships affected everyday life with the subcategories; Social relationships as support and Psychosocial consequences. The healthcare encounter with the subcategory; The importance of communication in healthcare in daily life. Conclusion: People with lung cancer need support in physical, psychosocial, and existential dimensions. Daily activities functioned as coping strategies and hope was significant for managing everyday life while symptom burden contributed to experiences of loss of identity. Social relationships both provided support and created stigma. The healthcare encounter was crucial for security and dignity, while lack of coordination increased anxiety. A holistic and evidence-based nursing perspective strengthens person-centred care, autonomy, and participation.

Background: Palliative care aims to alleviate suffering and promote quality of life at the end of life. Nurses frequently encounter complex ethical dilemmas in their interactions with patients, relatives, and other healthcare professionals. These situations can challenge the nurses' professional responsibility and lead to moral distress, affecting both the quality of care and the well-being of the staff. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe nurses' experiences of ethical dilemmas and moral distress in palliative care. Method: A qualitative literature review was conducted. Ten scientific articles were identified through searches in the CINAHL and PubMed databases. Quality appraisal was performed using the SBU assessment tool. The articles were analyzed using qualitative content analysis according to Popenoe et al. (2021). Results: The analysis resulted in four main themes: Being limited by organizational frameworks, Challenges in interprofessional collaboration, Navigating patient autonomy in relation to care and relatives' expectations, and The inner ethical struggle. Nurses experienced powerlessness and frustration when resource shortages, hierarchical structures, and conflicting demands from relatives prevented them from acting in accordance with their ethical values. Conclusion: Ethical dilemmas are a recurring part of palliative care. To counteract moral distress and promote person-centered care, clearer distribution of responsibilities and structured support for ethical reflection within the organization are required.

Background: People living with a stoma in Sweden represent a large and expanding patientgroup. In 2015, there were around 43 000 patients living with a stoma in Sweden.Undergoing stoma surgery means many physical and psychological challenges in patients'daily lives. For registered nurses to care for patients with a stoma and provide adequate care,a person-centered approach is needed. To facilitate this work, patients' experience of theirdaily life with a stoma needs to be researched. Aim: This literary review aimed to investigatequalitative research on patients’ experiences of daily life with a stoma. Method: The 13articles which the literary review is based on were collected from the databases PubMed andCinahl. All articles underwent a quality assessment in accordance with the SBU, and all thearticles were also analyzed by both authors. Results: Five categories were created based onthe analysis: “Activities of daily living”, “Social life”, “Closest relationships”, “Thoughts andfeelings” and “The stoma that helps or hinders”. These five categories are built upon 14subcategories. Conclusion: Different fundamental parts of daily living were affected in anegative way because of the stoma, such as activities, social life, sexual relationships, work,diet, sleep and economy. Patients’ daily life was characterized by both psychosocial andpractical challenges, but the treatment did not necessarily mean a hindrance in daily living forall patients. Adequate care requires a person-centered approach because a stoma affectsmultiple aspects of patients daily lives. 

Background: People with substance use disorders often have a greater need for care as they are at increased risk of suffering from somatic and mental illnesses, infections, overdoses and premature death compared to the general population (WHO 2025). The chances are therefore high that nurses will at some point during their career encounter a person with substance use disorder, even outside addiction care and psychiatry, which is why the purpose of the literature study is to shed light on nurses' experiences of caring for people with substance use disorders in somatic care.

Method: This thesis is a literature study with a qualitative focus as study design. CINAHL and PubMed were used as databases to conduct literature searches. A selection process was conducted based on the results of the database searches, which resulted in 13 scientific articles that formed the basis of the literature review. These articles were reviewed according to the SBU review template (SBU 2014) to ensure a sufficient level of quality. An inductive approach was then applied, in which meaning units were identified, coded, and condensed as a basis for the synthesis of subcategories and categories. 

Results: The results of the literature review identified three categories corresponding to the stated aim: emotional battle, double vulnerability and conflicted contact.

Conclusion: Nurses in somatic care experience challenges in encounters with individuals with substance use disorders which cause feelings of anxiety, vulnerability, and emotional distancing from the patient. The literature review shows a need for further education for nurses to enable them to engage with these patients, both to facilitate person-centered care and to create a safe interaction for both the nurse and the patient.

Background: Women go through changes during menopause, which can have a significant impact on sexual health. By highlighting women's experiences of sexual health during menopause, nurses can gain greater knowledge about the subject and women's needs. Previous research has shown that older women avoid seeking care for sexual problems due to ignorance and stigmatization. Previous research also shows that nurses feel uncertain about the subject. By highlighting sexual health in relation to menopause, more person-centred care can be promoted in the encounter between the individual woman and the nurse. Aim: To investigate women's experiences of sexual health during menopause. Method: A literature review with a compilation of 13 qualitative empirical studies. The articles were quality reviewed and then compiled to produce a result that answered the purpose. Results: Four main categories were established after data analysis, based on menopausal women's experiences of sexual health: physical changes and sexual consequences, emotional and psychological reactions, the importance of relationships and partners, and a need for increased knowledge, reduced stigma, and the fulfillment of healthcare needs. Conclusion: Menopause can have a significant impact on women’s sexual health and quality of life, with experience influenced by physical, emotional, psychological, and relational factors, as well as access to knowledge. The findings highlight the importance of nurses working in a person-centred and evidence-based manner by addressing sexuality as an integrated part of health and providing adequate information in a safe healthcare environment.

ABSTRAKT 

Bakgrund: Typ 2-diabetes är en kronisk sjukdom med ökande prevalens och utgör ett betydande folkhälsoproblem. Kostförändringar är en central del av egenvården, men många patienter upplever svårigheter att genomföra och bibehålla förändringar i det dagliga livet. För att kunna erbjuda individanpassad och personcentrerad omvårdnad är det viktigt att belysa hur patienter med typ 2-diabetes upplever kostförändringar och vilka faktorer som påverkar följsamheten. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka patienters upplevelser av kostförändringar vid typ 2-diabetes. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna söktes systematiskt i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed, granskades med en kvalitetsgranskningsmall och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Patienterna beskrev svårigheter att förena kostråd med kulturella mattraditioner, skuld och oro vid avvikelser från rekommendationer samt praktiska och emotionella hinder i vardagen. Stöd från familj och vårdpersonal, begriplig information och individanpassad vägledning upplevs som centrala för att underlätta kostförändringar. Konklusion: Kostförändringar vid typ 2-diabetes upplevs som en komplex och mångfacetterad process som påverkas av sociala, emotionella och praktiska faktorer i vardagen. För att främja hållbara kostförändringar krävs personcentrerad omvårdnad, anpassad information och en fördjupad förståelse för individens livssituation och förutsättningar.

The aim of this study is to investigate how digital tools can support mathematical understandingamong upper secondary school students aged 16–19, as well as to explore the teacher’s role andthe challenges associated with the use of digital tools in mathematics education. The study isconducted as a literature review in which previous research on digital tools in mathematicseducation is systematically reviewed and analysed. The results show that digital tools,particularly dynamic and AI-based tools, can support students’ mathematical understandingthrough visualisation, interactivity and the use of multiple representations. Tools such asGeoGebra, Desmos and AI-based platforms can make abstract mathematical concepts moreaccessible and support exploratory and conceptually oriented learning. At the same time, thefindings highlight that the effectiveness of digital tools largely depends on how they are used inteaching. The teacher’s didactical choices, attitudes and professional competence play a crucialrole in integrating digital tools in a meaningful way. Furthermore, the review identifies severalchallenges related to digitalisation, including risks of superficial learning, distraction, unequalaccess to digital resources and increased demands on teachers’ pedagogical skills. Overall, thestudy shows that digital tools have significant potential to support mathematical learning, but thatthis potential is realised only when they are used with clear pedagogical intentions and alignedwith instructional goals.

The problem we wished to explore in this literature review was the consequences of a monotone as well as a creative mathematics classroom with high cognitive activation. The purpose of this text is to find the short-term as well as long-term consequences of having a one-sided classroom, and the advantages of using a variety of different activities to promote learning and true understanding. The articles and the report are found in various databases provided by the University of Malmo, and by recommendation of our mentor. The results showed that the authors promoted a creative and cognitively challenging lesson plan and a wide variety of tasks. In contrast to this, when students were only provided with a monotone lesson structure, it led to them gaining a better understanding of the curriculum. Further discussions have been made concerning the result that both monotone and creative mathematics classrooms have both positive and negative consequences. As student teachers, we need to accommodate all students, even before we are fully educated teachers. 

This study examines the impact of achievement badges on volunteer engagement and response quality in online surveys conducted by non-profit organizations. While gamification is often proposed to increase participation, its effectiveness in intrinsically motivated populations remains unclear. Using a custom-built survey platform, 57 Swedish volunteers were randomly assigned to either a gamified survey featuring badges or a non-gamified control version. Behavioral data, including time spent, word counts, badge interactions, and completion rates were recorded, alongside open-ended reflections. Results showed no statistically significant difference between conditions. Participants in the gamified group completed surveys faster but provided shorter written responses and showed minimal interaction with the badge system. PCA analysis and qualitative feedback reinforced the finding that badges did not meaningfully alter behavior or improve user experience. These outcomes suggest that in settings where intrinsic motivation is already high, such as non-profit volunteering, superficial gamification elements like badges may offer limited benefit. Instead, aligning survey design with volunteers’ intrinsic values, such as purpose, autonomy, and impact, may be more effective. This research contributes to gamification literature by emphasizing the limitations of single-element strategies and calling for more nuanced, context-sensitive approaches in digital feedback systems.

Metaphors are central to human creativity, enabling abstract reasoning and novel conceptual connections. This paper explores how AI can generate and evaluate metaphors using Synectics, a structured creativity method that makes the familiar unfamiliar. We introduce a GPT-4-based pipeline to generate metaphors across four analogy types: Direct, Personal, Symbolic, and Fantasy. A comparison with 1,000 humancreated metaphors is conducted using semantic coherence (BERT), novelty (TF-IDF), and GPT-4-assessed creativity. Results show that AI-generated metaphors tend to be more novel but less coherent than human ones, with Fantasy analogies rated highest in creativity but lowest in structure. Abstract themes like Dreams and Knowledge lead to more imaginative outputs. While the system produces stylistically rich metaphors, it also reflects biases and lacks functional evaluation. This work contributes to computational creativity by demonstrating how structured prompting supports controllable metaphor generation. We suggest future directions including hybrid evaluation frameworks that combine computational and human judgment to better assess metaphor effectiveness in context.

The rapid spread of AI tools like ChatGPT has put pressure on the education system to adapt while also offering a great opportunity for improving mathematics teaching in Sweden during a period of declining results. This knowledge overview aims to identify the opportunities and risks associated with the integration of AI-chatbots into upper secondary school mathematics education. The results, based on a systematic review of current research, point to three main opportunities which are the personalization in the form of individually adapted tasks and feedback. The second opportunity is the reduced administrative burden for teachers through the automation of planning work. The third and final opportunity is the increased motivation among both students and teachers through flexible and engaging assignments. At the same time the knowledge overview highlights two critical risks. The first risk is the inaccurate answers from AI which are trained on incorrect data. The second risk is the serious knowledge gap where teachers need to know how to use AI-tools effectively and know how to critically review the answers before integrating it into mathematics education. The knowledge overview discusses how teachers can enhance the possibilities of using AI-applications in high school mathematics education. Teachers are however required to master the usage of AI-tools considering the risks it poses if not used correctly. This can be addressed for example through the TPACK model. Furthermore, the ethics behind the use of AI and the decreasing teacher autonomy are touched. 

 Historieskrivning präglas ofta av en uppdelning mellan centrum och periferi, där vissa berättelser, platser och aktörer framträder tydligt medan andra marginaliseras eller förblir osynliga. I kapitlet diskuteras vad som har definierats och förståtts som centrum respektive periferi inom nordisk – och i synnerhet svensk – forskning om Förintelsen.

Tooth extraction is the most common oral surgical procedure performed by dentists. It may require temporary discontinuation of anticoagulants to reduce the risk of bleeding. However, discontinuing anticoagulants can increase the potential risk of life-threatening thromboembolism. There is conflicting advice regarding whether direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) should be discontinued during and after tooth extractions. Nevertheless, it is standard practice to perform tooth extractions while patients are still taking warfarin.

This thesis evaluates whether it is necessary to discontinue DOACs during and after tooth extractions. It includes a prospective clinical cohort study and a systematic review with meta-analysis, both of which assess the risk of bleeding in patients who continue to use DOACs during and after simple and surgical tooth extractions. Additionally, the thesis incorporates a laboratory study that evaluates a method for measuring blood loss during oral surgery, as well as a population-based cohort study assessing the general risk of bleeding and thrombosis for patients using various antithrombotic medications.

The main finding of the thesis is that the risk of bleeding after both simple and surgical tooth extractions seems to be lower for patients receiving uninterrupted DOACs, compared to those receiving vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin. Therefore, patients may safely continue DOAC use during and after simple and surgical extractions. This eliminates the potentially higher risk of serious thromboembolic events that are associated with a pause in anticoagulant therapy. To minimise the risk of bleeding that requires treatment, it is essential to apply effective local haemostatic measures and provide patients with clear post-operative instructions.

This study examines passive cooling low-tech vernacular architectural interventions for climate adaptation in indoor environments through an experimental case study in Egypt. Focusing on traditional methods and techniques that use natural and affordable materials, it analyses how these approaches enhance thermal comfort and sustainability in the built environment, particularly for vulnerable communities. An urban living lab methodology, combined with onsite monitoring, was employed to evaluate the efficiency of the low-tech adaptation methods. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of natural materials and simple technological solutions in improving thermal comfort and supporting climate adaptation. The study highlights the potential of vernacular knowledge to inform modern sustainable building practices. Through this experimental, hands-on approach, it showcases the value of traditional, low-tech architectural methods in creating resilient and adaptable environments, offering insights into sustainable and affordable climate adaptation strategies that reduce indoor temperatures and generate economic savings.

The fitness industry continues to grow globally with group fitness instructors playing a visible role in gyms. Drawing on the Serious Leisure Perspective and survey data from 332 instructors based in 29 countries, this study explores professional identity among Les Mills group fitness instructors. The survey measures instructors’ perceptions of professional commitment, belonging, and physical ideals, aiming to identify which aspects they regard as most central to their vocation. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed two central dimensions: Community, reflecting social connection locally and globally, and Physical Perfection, foregrounding bodily aesthetics and physical performance. Further analyses showed that perceptions varied with age, teaching frequency, and employment status, suggesting distinct professional orientations within the instructor cohort. These findings extend the Serious Leisure Perspective by identifying measurable patterns of vocational commitment, offering a validated typology that can inform future research on leisure labour in fitness communities.

This study’s aim is to investigate how multilingual students learn mathematics and teaching strategies used to support the students’ development of knowledge. A total of eleven scientific articles were selected for analysis and comparison. The results showed that visual representation, multimodal forms of expression and the students’ whole linguistic repertoire constitute central resources for learning. Multilingual students use language, figures, symbols and gestures for meaning-making and understanding of mathematical concepts. Multiple studies highlight effects of translanguaging, guided group discussions and teacher scaffolding to strengthen students’ conceptual understanding and engagement. The classroom culture greatly influences the strategies students adopt and teaching that value multilingualism as a resource promote both engagement and learning. Further studies could explore how these strategies can be implemented in Swedish schools and how teachers’ professional development can enhance language-focused mathematics teaching.

Accurate weather prediction is critical for building performance assessments and climate-responsive design, particularly in hot, arid regions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Nonlinear AutoRegressive models with eXogenous inputs (NARX) in predicting localized air temperature for Al Ain, UAE. A 12-month dataset comprising on-site meteorological data and Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) records was used to train and validate both models. The ANN model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy, achieving R² values of 99.97% (training), 99.96% (validation), and 99.96% (testing) for the TMY dataset, and 100% across all phases for the on- site dataset. In contrast, the NARX model exhibited higher Mean Squared Errors (MSE) and lower predictive reliability. The findings highlight ANN’s capability in capturing nonlinear climatic patterns and producing reliable temperature forecasts. This study underscores the potential of ANN-based weather prediction as a tool for replacing conventional datasets that fail to reflect microclimatic variations.

Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for postoperative complications, and preoperative smoking cessation is recommended before medical surgery. However, evidence regarding oral surgical procedures is limited, and the effects of snus, a smokeless tobacco product widely used in Sweden, on surgical outcomes remain largely unknown. The overall aim of this thesis was to address knowledge gaps regarding tobacco use and postoperative complications, with particular focus on snus. Specifically, the thesis aimed to (1) evaluate the evidence for preoperative smoking cessation in oral surgery, (2) establish a population-based cohort for studying tobacco-related health outcomes, and (3) investigate associations between snus use and postoperative complications following dental and gastrointestinal surgery. Study I was a systematic review of preoperative smoking cessation in oral surgery. Studies II–IV used a registry-based approach. Study II describes the creation of the Swedish Tobacco Cohort (SWETOC), linking tobacco exposure data from the Swedish Public Dental Service (approximately 5.5 million individuals, 1994–2023) to national health registers. Studies III and IV used SWETOC and national health registers to examine associations between snus use and postoperative complications after dental surgery (n=392,241 procedures) and gastrointestinal surgery (n=48,874 procedures), respectively, using multivariable logistic regression. The systematic review found insufficient evidence to determine the effect of preoperative smoking cessation in oral surgery. In Study III, snus use was associated with increased antibiotic prescriptions following dental surgery among women (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05–1.31), but not among men. As antibiotics are typically prescribed to treat or prevent infection, this finding suggests that female snus users may experience higher rates of postoperative infectious complications. In Study IV, snus use among never smokers was associated with modestly elevated risks of postoperative complications and readmission following gastrointestinal surgery, predominantly observed among men, and an increased risk of pneumonia (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.04–7.29) compared to never tobacco users. However, the pneumonia finding should be interpreted with caution given the small number of events (n=46), as reflected by the wide confidence interval that only marginally excludes the null. Taken together, these findings suggest that the perioperative risks associated with tobacco exposure may extend beyond smoking to include smokeless tobacco products, though further research is needed to confirm these associations and clarify the mechanisms involved, including the reasons for the observed sex differences in dental surgery. This thesis illustrates how SWETOC can contribute to tobacco research and adds to emerging evidence that snus use may be associated with perioperative risks.

 Sedan sekelskiftet 2000 har det talats om en medial vändning inom framför allt humanvetenskaperna. För till exempel litteraturvetenskapens del har det handlat om en fokusförflyttning från estetiken till historiska medieanalyser av sådant som läs- och skrivpraktiker, och motsvarande intresseförskjutningar kan avläsas inom andra discipliner. I en svensk kontext har det rentav hävdats att medie- och kommunikationsvetenskapen håller på att förgås i en ”revirstrid som är så brutal att den knappt märks”. För inom vilka discipliner sysslar man numera inte med mediefrågor? Och vilket är då medievetenskapens specifika bidrag? Å andra sidan kanske medie- och kommunikationsvetenskapen själv genomgår ett slags medial vändning och rör sig bort från vad som dominerat ämnet: innehållsanalyser av journalistik utifrån ett ganska snävt demokrati- och politikperspektiv, vilka egentligen inte varit särskilt upptagna med specifika medieringsfrågor. En sådan rörelse, även internationellt, kan möjligen skönjas i de senaste årens diskussioner kring begreppet medialisering.

Den kulturhistoriska medieforskningen har under de två senaste decennierna vuxit fram i kölvattnet av den kulturella vändningen inom de historiska vetenskaperna. Fältet kännetecknas av en nyorientering såväl empiriskt som teoretiskt, så till exempel utgångspunkten i ett bredare mediebegrepp och en fokus på mediernas inbördes relationer och på materiellt handfast mediering (snarare än friare svävande representationer). Mediehistoria kan inte längre vara en samling monomediala historier som beskriver olika mediers utveckling på ett linjärt sätt, utan ett fält som i hög grad betonar inter- och multimedialitet. Relationen mellan gamla och nya medier behöver problematiseras och vår egen tids digitaliseringsprocess historiseras. 

Det bedrivs alltför lite mediehistorisk forskning i Sverige. Mediehistoria kan – och bör – skrivas på många olika sätt. En ambition inom den kulturhistoriska medieforskning som presenteras i den här boken är att genom ett breddat mediebegrepp och historisk sensibilitet uppdatera mediestudiet. Förnyelsen sker inte sällan i skärningspunkten mellan den ofta teknikdeterministiska mediearkeologin och den historiskt lika anspråksfulla som problematiska medialiseringsteorin. I denna bok presenteras 19 mediehistoriska texter som behandlar medieformer som skrivbord, papper, affischer, kassetter, fisheye-linser, radio, telegraf, film, smarta telefoner, litografier, dagstidningar, mikrofilm, begagnade mp3-filer, krigsbyten, biblioteksbyggnader och ölkrus. I boken presenteras en rad samtida perspektiv på förflutna medier – allt i form av en icke-linjär växelverkan mellan nu och då – därav titeln: Återkopplingar. Boken utgör resultatet av konferensen ”Kulturhistorisk medieforskning III” som hölls våren 2013 vid Lunds universitet. Den visade upp en mediehistorisk mångfald som det bara är alltför lätt att glömma bort.

Mediehistoria skrivs ofta utifrån ett medium i taget. Den här boken argumenterar istället för att historiens medier utvecklats tillsammans.

Nya former, tekniker och praktiker har interagerat med gamla, innehåll har cirkulerat medierna emellan och rader av aktörer har aktivt relaterat till en helhet av uttrycksformer. Denna helhet var konturfast på ett vis som gör det befogat att tala om ett historiskt mediesystem: summan av en viss tids medier och deras inbäddning i sociala, politiska och ekonomiska villkor. I ett antal delstudier prövar boken möjligheterna att på närgången empirisk nivå undersöka 1800-talets mediesystem.

Seasonal and maritime-related variations in newspaper content and circulation speed have been observed in the literature. This study of Swedish conditions 1790–1829 documents such differences. However, its focus is on domestic circulation and its dependence upon, among other things, incoming foreign news. By combining a computer-assisted method that tracks text reuse with close readings, and by breaking down the circulation into genres and categories of duration, historical change in these variations is made visible. While previous research has emphasised the explanatory power of technology, this article shows that more factors must be considered. Although technological infrastructural advancements were very limited, circulation times decreased and seasonal variations were evened out. This is best explained, this article suggests, by the growth of the system itself, by overall policy changes and by the increased scope for individual actors to change the culture and the protocols of the system, whether intentionally or not.

“Från pressarkivet 1800-1899” består av ett brokigt källmaterial som på olika sätt belyser tidningspressen.

Här finns tidningstext, men också etiketten till en Publicist-punsch, tidningssidan använd som tapet, romanen med en kort passage om tidningsläsning, riksdagsanförandet om stämpelskatten, tryckeriets varmluftsmaskin, uppslagsordet ”elände” i ett komiskt lexikon liksom ”publicist” i ett seriösare, landshövdingens rapport över allmogens läsvanor och dagboksanteckningen som delvis tillskriver makens dåliga humör det faktum att de tyska tidningarna uteblivit. Dessa ibland till synes obetydliga skärvor samlar sig till olika berättelser om medielandskapets tröghet – och omvälvningar under 1800-talet.

Men boken är även avsedd att locka den som vill studera mediernas historia till fortsatta sökningar, också bortom arkivens och bibliotekens mest vältrampade stigar. Och den vill väcka frågor kring den mediehistoriska forskningens möjligheter och utmaningar. Vad kan vi egentligen utvinna ur medieformer som medaljer och skillingtryck? Och vad finns det överhuvudtaget för material som kan hjälpa oss att förstå det förflutnas medier?

Idag upplever många att medier genomsyrar allt fler delar av vardag och samhälle. Men vår samtid delar denna erfarenhet med människor som levt under tidigare perioder. För att hitta en tid då medier inte satte sin prägel på liv och samhälle måste vi gå mycket långt tillbaka i historien. Mediehistoriska perspektiv kan anläggas på de flesta historiska fenomen. Det förflutna är nämligen endast tillgängligt i medierad form – om det så gäller antikt klotter, runstenar, dammiga arkiv­ dokument, sönderfallande tidningslägg, muntliga berättelser eller förra årets Youtubeklipp. I Mediernas historia. Från big bang till big data skildras en mycket lång mediehistoria. Att mäta medievanor genom big data är idag vanligt – men även urknallen big bang är ett medialt fenomen vars kosmiska bakgrundsstrålning inte kan studeras utan att först registreras. Med en disposition i 44 avsnitt betonar boken olika mediekulturers särprägel, samtidigt som den lyfter fram hur ett myller av medier har interagerat – från beständiga lertavlor över predikstolar och tidigmodern visuell kommunikation till strömmande medier. Istället för att framhäva mediehistoriska brott och revolutioner synlig­ gör boken kontinuiteter ifråga om hur medier har etablerats, använts och förändrats fram till vår egen tid. Relationen mellan vår samtids sociala medier och traditionella mass­ medier utgör här endast ett exempel på den komplexa väv av sinsemellan hopflätade kommunikationsformer som historien består av.

Historiska diskussioner om medier har länge dominerats av olika framstegsberättelser. Mediehistoriens mening tycks här bero på vad den pekar fram emot. Om kilskriften kulminerar i Gutenbergs tryckpress, når Turingmaskinen följaktligen sin höjdpunkt i Apples senaste gränssnitt. Men vid varje tidpunkt i historien finns ett vidsträckt medielandskap som väntar på att utforskas.

Den här boken är ett bidrag till mediernas kulturhistoria. Med utgångspunkt i ett brett mediebegrepp belyser den massmedier som teve, film och internet, men också äldre medieformer som skriften, posten och ornamentik. En rad olika mediepraktiker lyfts fram – från skriftkulturens admini- strativa förändring av statsapparaten kring 1700, över marknadsföringen av konfektyr med hjälp av kändisar runt förra sekelskiftet, till dagens realtidsövervakning med skärm- bildsteknologier. Boken argumenterar för att det är först när medier betraktas i sin historiska specificitet som det blir möjligt att föra mer övergripande resonemang om hur relationer mellan medier och kultur skiftar över tid och rum. Gamla medier var en gång nya. De vittnade om ett levande förflutet – och en osäker framtid.

In this paper, we present a database and an interface on text reuse between newspapers and journals published in the Swedish language in Sweden and Finland during the 1645–1918 time frame. Using two national, digital newspaper collections, we detected their textual similarities with a computational method to study the textual migration, i.e., information flows, between the two countries. For purposes of this project, we developed a database of detected clusters of text reuse and an online interface to search, examine and analyse the transnational movement of information. The database, Text Reuse in the Swedish-language Press, 1645–1918, is accessible online and includes texts from over 1,100 newspapers and journals published at approximately 150 locations at various times during the 274-year time frame.

 To the Making of Östergyllen The travel book image of Östergötland from Enlightenment and Romanticism This article describes and analyses the travel book image of the province of Östergötland from Enlightenment to Romanticism (ca 1740–1860). The travel book genre grew considerably during the period at issue, wherefore one, with some simplification, can say that the image of Östergötland, as that of the rest of Sweden, was then constructed. The utilitarian ideals of the 18th century exercised considerable power over what the traveller actually saw. Östergötland thus became synonymous with the cultivated flat land. With the appreciation of mountains and forests in the beginning of the 19th century Östergötland was re-coded. The enlightened utilitarian view was however usually incorporated with the Romantic one. Göta kanal, inaugurated in 1832, involved a route almost perpendicular to the previous one; thus they literally travelled through another landscape, and Östergötland once again was related to as a typical flat land. The new route, among other things, led to the enchanting discovery of the archipelago. The canal, furthermore, was regarded as a modern equivalent to the works of ancient Rome, and as such it provided the province prestige. The two ideals still co-existed, and thus the canal was appreciated both for its picturesque beauty and utility. Norrköping, the largest city in the province, increasingly gained reputation as a modern city, as the Birmingham of Sweden. The second largest city, Linköping, was, in particular during the 18th century, renowned as the ecclesiastical centre of learning, one of the foremost in the country. During the beginning of the 19th century the city was given the pet name ”little Stockholm”, due to its prosperous social life and public entertainments. During the 19th century the province was increasingly loaded with history, and, as it happened, Östergötland, the home of the old Geats (göterna), was to the bursting point filled with memories, in particular medieval ones. At the same time the characterizations of the common people became frequent. These were almost without exception deduced from the history and nature of the province. The inhabitant of Östergötland was, due to the prosperity and freedom of the province, described as conceited, haughty and proud. To be sure the development involved a nuanced conception of the image, but at the same time the clichés and stereotypes were reinforced; the image of Östergötland was constructed. Furthermore, Östergötland was a comparatively appreciated province, and were this appreciation to be explained in one word, it is wealth. With the stereotypes and traditions constructed, the Swede could at the turn of the 19th century look back. The discovery, creation and spreading of the image of the province and its history became a part of the making of the nation. 

Drawing from Swedish press history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,the present article argues for further historical investigation into three aspects ofJürgen Habermas’ theory of the public sphere. The first concerns actual mediaparticipation, the second the representative features of media institutions, and thethird media systems. These routes of analysis can and should be combined, andhistorical specificity is key. When we focus on concrete situations and places, theneat grand-scale chronologies (Habermas’ and others’) fall short. There is no simple development from a “representative publicness” to a participatory publicsphere, and back again. And the media have always been interconnected in a system-like way. However, historical specificity does not exclude contemporary developments. The present conclusion is that if we are to gain any true understanding of contemporary phenomena, a historical perspective is crucial, and aspects ofHabermas’ theory can serve as heuristic tools. 

Today shared media content and virality represent significant phenomena, but they are not as unique to our current society as commonly assumed. More than a century before the internet, information circulated within a network of newspapers that borrowed texts from both nearby and distant sources. From the late eighteenth century to the early twentieth century, newspapers gradually gained greater significance as a technological medium. However, a fundamental yet often overlooked characteristic of these newspapers was their cut-and-paste nature, which facilitated the widespread dissemination of text items in time and space. Employing a computer-assisted methodology to identify chains of text reuse in over 7.5 million newspaper pages derived from 1629 distinct newspaper titles, Information Flows across the Baltic Sea introduces a comprehensive database of reused texts. It examines the types of content that traversed transnationally and those that remained local. By combining a digitally enhanced bird’s-eye view with meticulous close readings, the book widens our understanding of the cultural relations across the Baltic Sea.

BACKGROUND: University students show a high prevalence of diverse mental health problems, requiring adaptable interventions to assist them in improving their mental health.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of transdiagnostic internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) for anxiety and depression in preparation for a randomized controlled trial. ICBT incorporated 2 innovative approaches to increase precision: user-steered content personalization and within-treatment adaptive modification based on early symptom trajectory.

METHODS: This single-group, open-label study was conducted online in Sweden in the autumn of 2021, recruiting from students who had completed the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) mental health survey. Participants were eligible if they scored 5-19 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), or ≥5 on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), or both. Participants completed an 8-week ICBT program with therapist support. They initially personalized their program by selecting a primary problem orientation, anxiety or depression, and choosing additional elective modules, and could consult their therapist regarding these choices. At midtreatment, stepped care was piloted, in which participants without symptom improvement were randomized to adaptive enhancement of therapist support or to continue treatment as before. The main feasibility outcomes included data on reach and uptake, intervention acceptability, stepped care procedures, and assessment retention up to 6 months. The GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were the primary outcome measures, with changes in scores calculated using mixed effects models.

RESULTS: Of 749 invited students, 55 (7%) completed the study screening, and 28 (4%) were included. The GAD-7 baseline score was 9.5 (SD 4.4), and the PHQ-9 baseline score was 11.2 (SD 5.2). Participants opened 6.2 (SD 2.2) out of the 8 treatment modules. The user-directed personalization yielded 27 unique treatment configurations across 28 participants. At week 4, 16/27 (59%) participants remaining in treatment were randomized in the stepped care procedure. Ratings on self-report measures showed acceptable to good therapeutic alliance and treatment satisfaction. Eleven participants reported increased stress associated with the treatment. Reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms were observed at postmeasurement and 6 months follow-up, with 43% attrition at those times.

CONCLUSIONS: This pioneering study of personalized ICBT with adaptive change among university students demonstrated the overall feasibility of the treatment. To enhance the design of a future definitive trial, modifications are necessary to mitigate assessment attrition and reduce treatment-related stress.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05509660; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05509660.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of erythritol air‐polishing on implant surface topography and bacterial colonization, and to determine the antimicrobial activity of erythritol powder.

Materials and Methods: Titanium implants, with machined/acid‐etched hybrid design, were divided into three groups: erythritol air‐polishing for 1 min (E1), 5 min (E5), and untreated control. Surface analysis was performed using a stylus profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). To test the ability to prevent biofilm formation, four bacteria strains ( Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sanguinis ) were separately cultured on five implants per group and colony counting was performed. The intrinsic erythritol antibacterial activity was investigated by means of minimum inhibitory concentration against the same strains.

Results: At SEM analysis implant surfaces appeared unaltered by air‐polishing and presented increasing amount of residues depending on the treatment duration. Machined surfaces exhibited no significant differences in roughness parameters between the groups. On acid‐etched surfaces, E5 presented significantly lower Ra (vs. E1 and control) and Rz (vs. control). The count of colonies was significantly lower for all bacterial strains on treated implants as compared to control, with E1 and E5 being equally capable to reduce by 1.5 log bacteria growth. Erythritol antimicrobial activity against all tested bacterial strains was confirmed.

Conclusions: The proposed erythritol air‐polishing protocols did not alter implant surfaces and the antimicrobial properties of erythritol are conserved by the titanium implant surfaces.

Clinical Relevance: Erythritol air‐polishing could be repeatedly used in supportive peri‐implant care programmes.

This study examines how the Swedish Armed Forces build their brand through both their own descriptions and the visual and narrative design of the organisation’s advertising films. Two qualitative interviews with employees of the communications department and a multimodal audiovisual analysis of selected campaigns from 2017-2025 were conducted. Selected theoretical perspectives: discourse theory, ideology, hegemony and representation theory, are used in this study to explore how trust, legitimacy and sense-making are part of the communicative process. The results show that legitimacy and trust shape the entire workflow, from the choice of external advertising agency to the final product and that the external communication is balanced with the organisation’s governmental mandate. The combination of civilian and military values in the advertising films contribute to upholding the Swedish Armed Forces’ societal role and public trust. In summary, the study shows that the communication not only informs but also shapes the understanding of the organisation’s significance through strategic and visual expressions.

The present study explores ‘online sleuthing,’ which refers to the practice of amateur detectives gathering in internet communities to investigate and try to solve real-world crimes and mysteries. In this paper, the phenomenon is broached and studied with the help of an online discussion thread about a February 2025 school shooting in Örebro, Sweden where such amateur detective practices take place. Primarily through online ethnography, we map out and interpret the key contents, themes, and practices in the thread, aiming to complement and further existing research about the phenomenon. Using aspects of Pierre Bourdieu’s Field theory, Stuart Hall’s theory of Representation, and a set of rhetorical tools, we discuss the thread’s social economy and the culture which is socially constructed and reproduced by its users therein. Viewing it as a field, we note a central conflict within the thread as it pertains to its purpose, with some users having the goal of conducting a serious investigation and others seeing it as a place enabling free speculation based on one’s own ideological and sometimes hateful views. As such, reflecting on the co-existence of both amateur detective practices and a more general interest in socialising and exchanging opinions, we interpret the thread as just as much a conventional social medium as it is an arena specifically for crime investigation. Finally, we surmise that these findings may be reflective of other discussion threads; however, as our material only encompasses one thread, our observations should not be viewed as conclusive of the overarching concept of online sleuthing as a whole.

This study examines how fans negotiate and discuss authenticity surrounding Taylor Swift. Drawing on a qualitative digital ethnography conducted on TikTok, Instagram, and Reddit, the study analyses how fans communicate notions of authenticity, with particular attention to brand references that emulate Swift’s aesthetic. The findings show that fans frequently debate what counts as authentic when it comes to Taylor Swift. They interpret her intentions and her artistic direction in different ways, drawing on their personal histories with her music and their sense of closeness to her. 

When Swift's imagery moved outside the fan community, authenticity was negotiated differently. Brand references that felt mismatched were rejected, while those aligned with shared meanings were embraced. These contrasts highlight how authenticity depends not only on the symbol itself but on the platform norms, audience expectations, and perceived motive. 

The analysis draws on Charles Taylor’s understanding of authenticity as a moral ideal rooted in recognition, Richard A. Petersons’s concept of authentication as a social process, and Nancy Baym’s work on relational labor and mediated intimacy. Overall, the study shows that authenticity in digital culture is a relational, context-dependent process shaped through ongoing acts of recognition across communities and platforms. 

An increasing share of customer service is handled in AI-driven chats, yet it remains unclear when an AI label is sufficient for transparency and when the chat’s behaviour matters more for users’ trust. This study tests how clear versus more discreet AI labelling interacts with more AI-like versus more human-like behavioural cues in a web-based complaint scenario. A total of 155 participants completed the same complaint case in one of four chat versions and then answered a questionnaire; a smaller subset (6) also took part in think-aloud interviews. The chats differed only in clarity of AI label and behavioural cues, while the response content was identical. Clear AI labelling increased the likelihood that participants noticed they were interacting with an AI, whereas more human-like cues were associated with higher ratings of competence and helpfulness and greater willingness to follow advice. At the same time, awareness that the sender was an AI was linked to a stronger wish to switch to a human agent. Given the convenience sample and relatively small N, the findings are indicative for this group, but suggest that AI labels do not necessarily undermine trust when combined with behaviour that is structured, understandable and responsive.

This chapter explores grassroots perspectives of graffiti artists and environmentalists on sustainable futures in Sudan, a country in social upheaval at the frontline of climate change. This study (2020–2022), applied a co-creative methodology of future visioning exercises and the use of 360° video for documentation, situated in the wider context of a wave of renewed antigovernment protests that emerged in the South West Asian and North African Region in 2019 and 2020. It describes a co-creative methodology that brings to the surface grassroots perspectives on human–environment relations and sustainable futures to better understand how these perspectives help to the undoing of simplistic apocalyptic or utopian narratives. How can revolutionary Sudanese artists and environmentalists work together to develop visions for a sustainable Sudan? The chapter explores how the study used participatory methods to document Sudanese revolutionary street art, conduct ethnographic fieldwork and interviews in 2022, and bring together Sudanese graffiti artists and environmentalists. In addition, the creative process of producing visionary murals was documented as a co-creative outcome of the workshop.

Denna studie undersöker hur användare på r/Replika beskriver och kollektivt förhandlar sina relationer

till AI-flickvänner, med fokus på intimitet, känslor och kön. Genom digital etnografi och reflexiv

tematisk analys av 33 diskussionstrådar analyseras hur relationerna formas i samspelet mellan

individuella behov, tekniska begränsningar och forumets kollektiva medskapande. Med Haraways

posthumanistiska perspektiv och Berlants affektteori visar studien att relationerna präglas av

ambivalens, idealiserad femininitet och stark emotionell investering. Slutsatsen är att AI-relationer blir

meningsfulla genom det dynamiska samspelet mellan människa, teknik och digital gemenskap.