In this study the mechanical, thermal, surface properties and fracture behvaiour of ALQEMITE^® material containing 10% and 15% recycled industrial spill are evaluated and compared to the control group made of virgin ALQEMITE^®. Additionally, this study explores potential sustainable applications for these materials without determining an optimal mixture. The study includes a Life Cycle Analysis to evaluate the environmental advantages of using recycled ALQEMITE^® in the development of possible applications, thus promoting sustainable manufacturing practices.

The methodology adopted involves a comprehensive analysis of the properties of the material and an evaluation of potential applications. Initially, mechanical properties are examined to assess the tensile and flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness of the material.

The thermal properties are evaluated to ascertain the materials' short-term heat resistance, stiffness and thermal stability. Furthermore, surface finish and fractography are used to analyse surface roughness and fracture behaviour respectively, to individualize surface parameters and to understand the causes of failure.

Subsequently, potential applications are evaluated, leading to CAD modeling and finite element analysis simulations of the chosen application. 

Ultimately, a comparative life cycle analysis is performed to assess the environmental impact of the chosen application created with the recycled mixtures versus the control material.

The study reveals that while the reference material generally exhibits superior performance, the results of 10% and 15% mixtures closely follow it, indicating that the two recycled groups did not decrease significantly compared to the control group. The 10% and 15% groups excel in specific tests, Vickers hardness and Charpy unnotched tests, respectively.

The 15% group showed a slight improvement in thermal characteristics, but the result was negligible compared to the reference, indicating that there was no loss of stiffness in short-term thermal scenarios. The surface analysis demonstrated that the control material has the smoothest surface and that the surfaces of 10% and 15% mixtures did not worsen excessively, remaining within the fine surface finish range.

In terms of fractographic analysis, the results indicate that the recycled content modifies material integrity and fractural behaviour. From these results, a structurally sound shelf was designed and its life cycle analysis demonstrates the environmental benefits of recycling. These findings support the potential for the reuse of discarded materials in new applications, which reduce the environmental impact.

This thesis investigates the “I’m Just a Girl” TikTok trend, a viral phenomenon with extensive influence in social media (with over 260,000 videos). The trend features predominantly girls performing everyday tasks under the hashtag or quote “I’m Just a Girl”. The aim of this thesis is to explore the primary focus and narrative within this content and how social media users who are familiar with the trend perceive it. To address the research questions, a semiotic analysis of selected viral TikTok videos was conducted alongside a questionnaire to gauge audience perceptions. The results indicate that while the content is humorous and well-intentioned, it also reinforces traditional gender norms. Participants perceive the content as perpetuating these norms, yet still find it entertaining. The study highlights the complex interplay between humor, gender norms, and social media trends. 

Med den framväxande användningen av AI-verktyg inom utbildningssektorn står vi inför en avgörande fråga: bör AI-verktyg tillåtas och integreras inom Sveriges utbildningssystem? Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och analysera hur programmeringsstudenter inom systemutvecklingsprogrammet använder AI-verktyg för att lösa programmeringsuppgifter, samt att kartlägga studenternas upplevda fördelar och utmaningar.Studien jämför också specialiserade verktyg för programmering, såsom Github Copilot och Tabnine, med generella AI-verktyg som ChatGPT. 

Studien tillämpade en forskningsmetodik med en empirisk undersökning genom en kvalitativ analys av intervjuer med andra- och tredjeårsstudenter på systemutvecklingsprogrammet, samt en kvantitativ enkät med studenter som tilldelats ett AI-verktyg inom kurserna DA489A Systemutveckling II och DA109A Webb-tjänster på Malmö universitet. Detta kompletterades med en omfattande litteraturöversikt. Syftet med dessa metodologier var att uppnå en djupare förståelse för studenternas erfarenheter och upplevelser av att använda AI-verktyg i sina studier, samt att ge ett bredare perspektiv genom generaliseringar baserade på numerisk data. 

Resultaten visar att AI-verktyg har en positiv inverkan på utbildningssektorn. Studenterna rapporterar ökad produktivitet, effektivitet, inlärning, hastighet i kodningen och motivation. AI-verktyg används främst för att generera enklare kod eller kodskelett, vilket frigör tid för studenterna att fokusera på mer komplexa uppgifter. Verktygen används även för felsökning, syntaxhjälp, översättning mellan programmeringsspråk, idéutveckling, informationssökning, som programmeringspartner (Copilot) och som en 'rubber duck'.

Slutsatsen är att AI-verktyg har potential att positivt bidra till undervisningen, men att noggranna överväganden och riktlinjer är nödvändiga för att säkerställa en etisk och effektiv användning. Denna studie bidrar till den pågående debatten om digitalisering i skolan och ger insikter som kan vara värdefulla för beslutsfattare inom utbildningssektorn. 

Ägarlägenheter är en upplåtelseform som infördes i svensk lagstiftning år 2009. Idag består ägarlägenheter fortfarande en mycket liten del av den svenska bostadsmarknaden, till skillnad från bostadsrättsföreningar. Arbetets syfte är att undersöka varför ägarlägenheter inte är mer populära på den svenska bostadsmarknaden, vilka faktorer som hindrar utvecklingen och vilka möjliga lösningar som kan implementeras. Intervjuer genomfördes med två ledande fastighetsföretag som har erfarenhet av ägarlägenheter. Det visas att det saknas mycket kunskap om den nya boendeformen både i allmänheten och i fastighetsbranschen. Det skapar att det uppstår mycket osäkerhet och missförstånd gällande ägarlägenheter. Banker är mindre villiga att finansiera utvecklingen av denna upplåtelseform, till skillnad från den mycket mer populära formen som är bostadsrätter. Genom att skapa informationskampanjer, mer marknadsföring av framgångsrika projekt, ändring i lagstiftning, och finansiella incitament hade man kunnat främja byggandet och öka mängden ägarlägenheter på den svenska bostadsmarknaden.

This thesis explores the spillover effect of sustainable practices and values as an outcome of inter-organizationallearning carried out through partnerships between SMEs in multi-tier supply chains. Specifically, it aims toinvestigate how the transmission of sustainability requirements enables different levels of partnerships, how thesepartnerships facilitate inter-organizational learning, and which partnership characteristics and learningmechanisms are most beneficial for sustainability spillover.

The study adopts a qualitative case study methodology to investigate two multi-tier supply chains operating in thecosmetics industry. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with nine small and medium-sizedenterprises (SMEs). These SMEs function as direct suppliers and subsuppliers to the focal SMEs at various levelsof the supply chains under investigation. The study also gathered data through document analysis of two LargeBuyer Companies involved in the study.

Key findings reveal that sustainability requirements are transmitted along supply chain tiers, with SMEs playinga crucial role in extending buyers' sustainability efforts upstream. The study identified three partnership types -cooperation, coordination, and collaboration - enabled by the transmission of sustainability requirements. Moreintegrated partnerships - namely coordination and collaboration - were found to facilitate more effective learningmechanisms, including knowledge sharing, capacity building, and knowledge co-creation. These mechanisms,influenced by learning enablers such as susceptibility, social proximity, and infectiousness and SMEscharacteristics, contribute to both one-way and two-way spillover effects of sustainability practices and values.

The study concludes that collaborative partnerships, characterized by high levels of trust, interdependence, andshared goals, are most beneficial for effective sustainability spillover. It also highlights the importance ofhorizontal partnerships in amplifying spillover effects. These findings advance theoretical understanding ofindirect subsupplier management in multi-tier supply chains and provide practical implications for managersseeking to enhance supply chain sustainability beyond direct supplier relationships.

This article discusses the method of values clarification (värderingsövningar), a technique comprising various exercises employed in schools and higher education to process diverse themes. While this method is widely used in Sweden, it has recently received critique due to concerns about pupils’ private lives being inadvertently revealed.  Given these concerns, we believe it is important to critically investigate this method. The aim of the study is to understand how practitioners perceive their experiences with this method and identify its potential risks and benefits. The results of the phenomenographic study, which are based on group interviews with teachers, drama pedagogues and actors, are presented in this article. The study’s findings are organized into four categories: responsive leadership, group dynamics, forms of conversations and context. The study shows that the method carries inherent risks, such as triggering underlying conflicts within a group, exerting pressure on participants’ integrity, or expecting them to take a stance on various issues, even if they are unprepared to do so. Among these categories, responsive leadership stands out as the most critical element for accomplishing a qualitative application of the method. This involves   competence in leading group exercises, understanding the subject processed, and creating an accepting group atmosphere. It also includes the ability to establish frameworks for reflexive dialogues. When used competently, values clarification can enhance participants’ learning of the subject processed, develop group dynamics, facilitate understanding of different perspectives among group members, and support the individual’s subjectification process.

The overall aim of the study is to highlight why the impact of the pandemic varies between different countries, with a particular focus on deepening the understanding of how national conditions shape the response during extraordinary crises such as COVID-19. By exploring these differences, the study aims to develop insights that can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of global pandemics and thereby facilitate knowledge exchange and learning around both effective strategies and potential pitfalls. 

The basic questions regarding how the pandemic affects property prices in Sweden, Greece and Croatia, as well as why the effects differ between these countries, serve as guidance for the study's exploration. Through a qualitative interview study, where semi-structured interviews are conducted with competent individuals in the real estate industry, the study seeks to obtain in-depth insights and perspectives. Furthermore, this method is supplemented with a statistical data collection and a theoretical framework to support and contextualize the results obtained. Through this triangular approach, the study aims to offer a holistic picture of the impact of the pandemic on the housing market. 

The results of the study showed that property prices during COVID-19 rose in all countries, except in the initial phase, then mainly due to the uncertainty about what the pandemic would mean. After the onset of the pandemic, all three countries showed similar patterns of continuous increase, but Sweden subsequently experienced a 15% decline in the following year due to inflation and interest rate increases, which did not occur in Greece and Croatia. The research highlights how national factors shape market responses during crises and emphasizes the need to learn from each other to prepare for future challenges. 

This article makes a case for the usefulness of the concept of reciprocity for studying integration. Conceptually, the article draws on a wide disciplinary specter of theories on reciprocity and gift-giving. Concerned with the individual and societal effects of the mutual acts of giving, receiving, and reciprocating, such theories allow to visibilize the value(s) that is created and exchanged through reciprocal relations, and highlight the social and cultural embeddedness of reciprocal norms. Empirically, the article draws on fieldwork inquiries into the value landscape of the integration sector in Sweden. Aside from explicit values, such as gender equality, democracy, or nondiscrimination, the importance of acts of giving, receiving, and reciprocating has manifested itself as a strong, albeit implicit value in the material. Prompted by this insight, this article highlights the ideas and expectations of reciprocal relations that the integration workers reflected on. With these insights, this article adds to the small but increasingly important body of literature that places reciprocity at the heart of integration processes.

Fastighetsköp är en komplex process som inte enbart innebär finansiella beslut, utan också ett emotionellt engagemang där drömmen om ett framtida hem förverkligas. För att fastighetsbranschen ska kunna utveckla sina tjänster och möta kundernas behov på ett effektivt sätt är det avgörande att förstå hur konsumenter beter sig under köpprocessen och vilka faktorer som påverkar deras beslut. Denna studie undersöker hur kunder genomgår ett fastighetsköp och vad som ligger bakom deras affärsbeslut. 

Studien utfördes med en kvalitativ metod, eftersom denna ansågs vara mest lämplig för att uppfylla studiens syfte och för att få en djupare förståelse av de enskilda svaren. Totalt genomfördes tio intervjuer i undersökningen, vilka inkluderade samtliga tre kategorier: familjesituation, ensamstående förstagångsköpare och ensamstående med tidigare erfarenhet av fastighetsköp. Detta gjorde det möjligt att identifiera och jämföra deras behov på ett tydligare sätt. Femstegsmodellen har använts som teoretisk ram för att fördjupa förståelsen av tre centrala faktorer som påverkar beslutsprocessen: ekonomi, externa faktorer och känslor. Genom att analysera svaren från alla tre kategorier kunde vi få en bättre inblick i hur dessa faktorer spelar in beroende på respondenternas situation. 

I slutsatsen konstaterades att människors behov och prioriteringar varierar beroende på deras livssituation. Ekonomi, externa faktorer och känslor viktas olika beroende på var i livet individen befinner sig. Känslor kan ofta överskugga rationella överväganden vilket understryker vikten av att beakta den emotionella dimensionen. Denna komplexitet kräver en övergripande förståelse av hur dessa faktorer samverkar vid fastighetsköp. 

The analysis aims to understand how social movements, particularly the climate activist group Återställ Våtmarker in Sweden, can use media as a tool to draw attention to their cause. As described in the theory of agenda-setting power, the purpose is to examine how we can understand the strategies the organization uses to generate attention. The analysis includes both qualitative and quantitative materials and also features a categorization in which three selected activist groups are compared to identify any differences in their strategies and methods. Throughout the work, the study sparked a deeper interest in analyzing the distinction between the means and the goals of social movements. The study highlights several challenges regarding the actual impact of Återställ Våtmarker on society but shows that they generate a polarized media image, likely due to their unconventional methods. Ultimately, Återställ Våtmarker and their efforts strive for political influence, but there are several factors that make it difficult to indicate causal links between activism and political decisions.

Min undersökning fokuserar på en scen med en spicifik karaktär ur familjefilmen Nelly Rapp - Monsteragent (Adolphsson, 2020) som är adapterad på barnböckerna om Nelly Rapp av Martin Widmark. Karaktären är Frankensteinaren Roberta Steen, scenen är när sagda karaktär får liv med hjälp av elektricitet. Frågeställningen som låg till grund för undersökningen var "Vilka intertextuella referenser kan jag hitta i scenen då Frankensteinaren Roberta Steen kommer till liv, och vilka effekter får det?". Jag använde mig av en sociosemiotisk metod med fokus på intertextuella referenser. Resultaten jag fick fram var att det är tydligt hur man använt sig av en skräcktradition och den hermeneutiska identitet som finns kring arketypen Frankenstein. De intertextuella referenser som var tydliga var från produktioner riktade mot en vuxen publik. Förändringar hade även gjorts i adaptionen, förändringar mellan bok och film i hur karaktären porträtterades, men även förändringar i handlingen. Effekten av detta blev, trots att en del element mildrat det läskiga i scenen, att filmens åldersgräns blev högre i relation till vad barnböckerna var riktade till från början. 

Denna uppsats undersöker hur inkludering och gemenskap visualiseras i Hokas reklamfilm "MURMURATION" genom en kvalitativ sociosemiotisk analys med fokus på visuell retorik, sociosemiotik, kamerateknik och representation av människor. Genom att analysera hur tecken, symboler och representationer av mångfald används i filmen har det framkommit att Hoka effektivt utnyttjar visuella strategier för att förmedla idéer av gemenskap, inklusion och samhörighet. Däremot har analysen också visat att representationen av människor i reklamfilmen är selektiv, med en begränsad mångfald som riskerar att förstärka befintliga sociala normer snarare än att utmana dem. Resultaten visar att även om filmen lyckas kommunicera en känsla av gemenskap, undermineras budskapet delvis av en exkluderande representation. Detta belyser vikten av att inte bara fokusera på visuella och retoriska aspekter i reklam, utan även säkerställa att representationen av människor är inkluderande och rättvis för att fullt ut kunna förmedla varumärkets budskap.

För medieproduktionen skapades en reklamfilm för företaget "O2 Trainer" med fokus på att skapa en engagerande och cinematisk produktion där företagets andningsprodukt marknadsförs. 

Sökord: Visuell kommunikation, sportreklam, representation, visuell retorik, sociosemiotik, kamerateknik, gemenskap, inkludering, kvalitativ analys, semiotik, filmteknik, klipprytm, träning

Denna uppsats undersöker den representation av den asiatiska kulturen genom mat i filmen Turning Red. Syftet är att undersöka hur Disney Pixar representerar den asiatiska kulturen i filmen Turning Red, genom ett matperspektiv. Uppsatsen består av en analys av de visuella och kulturella element som finns i filmen. Undersökningen följer frågeställning : Hur representeras den asiatiska kulturen genom mat i filmen Turning Red? Metoden som används är en kvalitativ visuell analys där representationsteori av Stuart Hall appliceras för att kunna svara på frågeställningen. Resultatet visar att filmen som regisserades lägger en stor vikt på att inkludera olika maträtter som kan vara en tydlig representation av asiatisk kultur. Mat som representeras varierar i form av matlagning, servering, och även olika typer av rätter eller ingredienser. Detta skapar en uppfattning hos åskådaren av vad som innebär asiatisk kultur genom mat generellt. 

Medieproduktion :

Min medieproduktion kommer efter sida 30. Det här projektet är en animerad reklamvideo för Kopan Street, en mysig kiosk i Köpenhamn som är känd för sin hotteok, en populär koreansk pannkaka. Denna animerade reklam syftar till att stärka Kopan Streets marknadsföring genom att lyfta fram den aptitretande maten och kioskens livliga atmosfär. Målgruppen är tonåringar upp till unga vuxna som älskar K-pop och koreansk kultur. Denna medieproduktion kan fånga nya kunder genom att marknadsföra den unika och förtjusande upplevelse som Kopan Street erbjuder.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka adaptionen av One Piece-serien i dess nya live action-format. Denna studie fokuserade på hur live action-serien bevarar och förändrar komponenter från den ursprungliga japanska berättelsen samt hur dessa förändringar påverkar berättelsen.

För att uppnå detta tillämpades adaptionsteori och representationsteori för att analysera effekterna av dessa modifieringar. En komparativ analys genomfördes med fokus på element som karaktär, miljö och rekvisita inom ramen för mise-en-scène och narrativ analys.

Analysen innefattade att jämföra utvalda manga-sekvenser med deras motsvariga live action-scener för att identifiera och tolka skillnader och likheter. Resultaten visade att även om adaptionen bevarade många element från originalet, introducerade den också variationer. Dessa förändringar resulterade i en delvis omtolkning av berättelsen, även om flera aspekter av karaktär, miljö och rekvisita bevarades. Studien drar slutsatsen att den kulturella kontexten och adaptionsprocessen var betydande i omtolkningen av berättelsen.

Medieproduktion:

Denna publicering innehåller även en designdokumention efter sida 42 för ett skarpt projekt som gjordes för klusterorganisationen Mobile Heights. Mobile Heights ville fira sitt 15-årsjubileum och presentera sin nya grafiska identitet. Syftet var att skapa en animation i tidslinjeformat för att visa på arvet inom organisationen och belysa viktiga händelser, samt att illustrera den förändringsresa som organisationen är på.

This research examines the perception and navigation of social integration amongst skilled Indian migrants in Sweden and the impact of the social integration upon their cultural and social resilience. The research incorporates semi-structured interviews with six participants from the Skåne region of Sweden. The interviews explore the complex interplay between the efforts of integration. Some participants showed a smooth social integration process, whereas others had harder experiences with social integration. The difference in Indian culture compared to Swedish culture resulted in challenges for migrants to get involved in Swedish society. Moreover, participants showed strong cultural resilience by maintaining significant ties to their Indian culture. Although various strategies of social resilience have also been noticed, such as engaging in Indian community activities like celebrating festivals or engaging in dialogue with one another about the state of affairs in India, which resulted in higher social resilience. The findings of this study will help in understanding complex transnational migration experiences.

Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är ett kroniskt tillstånd med hög förekomst av morbiditet och mortalitet.Det är en vanligt förekommande diagnos som ökar i takt med att populationen blir äldre ochvården förbättras. Tillståndet kräver att patienterna har kunskap om egen diagnos för att kunnahantera det vardagliga livet, friskvård eller egenvård som på engelska kallas self-care blir enviktig aspekt för patienten i sin hantering av sjukdomen. Hur patienter upplever informationen

om sin egenvård med mycket information, ny livsstil och flertalet hjälpmedel som e-hälsa, m-hälsa och telemonitorering är av vikt för att säkerställa god vård. Syfte: Att beskriva

patienters upplevelser av egenvårdsåtgärder vid hjärtsvikt. Metod: En litteraturstudie sombestod av 10 vetenskapliga artiklar, där samtlig data var utifrån patientperspektivet. Deanvända databaserna var Cinahl och Pubmed. Resultat: Resultatet ledde fram till fyrakategorier som var; behov av ökad förståelse och medvetenhet utav diagnos, behov av stöd förhantering av symtom, behov av kunskap för tekniska lösningar och hantering av teknik samthantering utav egenvård i vardagen. Dessa teman visades vara viktiga för att fastställapatienters upplevelser av egenvård vid hjärtsvikt. Slutsats: Litteraturstudien summerarpatienters upplevelser av egenvårds åtgärder vid hjärtsvikt. Utifrån litteraturstudiens resultatvar behovet av förståelse och medvetenhet om diagnos och symtom avgörande förhanteringen av egenvård i vardagen för hjärtsviktspatienter. Detta behov förstärks och betonasytterligare efter återgång till vardagen, då patienten skall försöka återgå till sitt nya normalaoch sköta sin sjukdom med hjälp av stöttning från vården. Personcentrerad vård framstod somcentral, där behovet av individanpassad information och multidisciplinärt engagemang varbetonat av patienterna i litteraturstudien. Teknologiska interventioner som e-hälsa, m-hälsaoch telemonitorering visade positiva effekter men kräver individuell anpassning och även härbelystes vikten av ett personcentrerat tillvägagångssätt, särskilt för den äldre patientkategorin.

Denna studie har genom ett användarcentrerat tillvägagångsätt med ett emotionellt perspektiv utforskat forskningsfrågan: Hur kan man genom produktdesign skapa en relation mellan användare och spirulina för att kunna förbättra luftkvaliteten i en begränsad kontorsmiljö?

För att kunna besvara forskningsfrågan användes van Grop och Adams (2012) ACT-modell som bygger på de tre delarna Attract, Converse och Transact. Detta för att förenkla hur man bör tänka kring skapandet av en relation mellan användare och produkt. I teorin användes Don Normans (2004) tre nivåer, Visceral design, Behavioural design och Reflective design, samt Elizabeth Sanders (1992) tre kategorier, Useful, Usable och Desirable, för att ytterligare fördjupa förståelsen av den emotionella designen hos produkter.

För att kunna undersöka frågeställningen delades metoderna in i två delar. Den första delen var en litteraturstudie, baserad på efterforskning kring spirulina, mikroalger och bioreaktorer. Denna del använde sig av expertintervju och marknadsundersökning för att samla in en grundlig kunskap om spirulinans behov. Utifrån detta bedömdes en panelbioreaktor vara bäst lämpad för att avlägsna CO2. Det framkom även att ljus och temperatur är viktigt för att kunna optimera odlingsparametrarna för spirulinan.

Den andra delen utgick från användarnas perspektiv och fokuserade på den emotionella aspekten hos designbidraget. Här användes användarintervjuer och en workshop. Dessa visade att användarna föredrog enkla, mjuka och lugnande koncept där tillit är viktigt hos produkten.

Resultaten från metoderna sammanställdes i en funktionsanalys, som sammanfattade spirulinans och användarnas behov. Genom idégenerering och prototypande togs ett slutgiltigt designbidrag fram: en väggmonterad panelbioreaktor med runda och enkla former som utstrålade lugn och tillit, med ett inbyggt ljus-och värmereglage och en smidig och intuitiv skördningsprocess.

Slutsatsen som drogs var att man kan skapa en relation mellan användare och spirulina.

I denna uppsats kommer ni läsare få ta del av en kvalitativ studie baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer. Empirin är samlad från Rusta och matcha 2 om; hur vägledare beskriver sin yrkesroll i koppling till makt och etik. Syftet med studien handlar om att undersöka studie- och yrkesvägledares uppfattningar av sina yrkesroller och hur de har inflytande på deltagarnas beslutsprocesser. Som studie- och yrkesvägledare har man olika yrkesroller inom Rusta och matcha 2, i form av karriärcoach, karriärkonsult, karriärvägledare, handledare med mera. Inom uppdraget finns det krav från Arbetsförmedlingen om att få resultat i form av att deltagarna ska hitta en sysselsättning, som studier eller arbete. För att undersöka de samband mellan makt, etik och inflytande som vägledarna har i studien används olika teoretiska grunder. Metakarriärteorin System Theory Framework model (STF-modellen) för att undersöka samband inom de vägledande samtalen i koppling till de andra teorierna. Teori om samtalsmetodik där vi använder samtalsmodellen The Skilled Helper Model som riktar samtalet i vägledningssyfte. Maktens koppling till relationer samt etikens koppling till etiska riktlinjer av Sveriges Vägledarförening. Riktlinjerna undersöks mot en sociologisk teori om etiska principer som binder samman teori och praktik i resultat och analys.

Huvudresultatet från studien är att vägledare besitter kännedom om sitt inflytande på deltagare och agerar med hänsyn till etiska principer i koppling till etiska riktlinjer som vägledare är mer familjära med. Vägledare besitter makt inom det vägledandesamtalet genom symmetriska eller asymmetriska relationsbyggande handlingar genom samtalsmetodik. Vägledarna i studien arbetade med att ha så symmetriska relationer med deltagarna som möjligt, för att ha ett jämnt maktförhållande i de vägledandesamtalen.

Drawing on a lifestyle-routine activity framework, this study explores associations between lifestyle/routine activities and worry about personal victimisation across months, days and moments. A bespoke smartphone application employing both traditional questionnaires and an Experience Sampling Method design was used by a convenience sample of students who responded to surveys regarding worry about victimisation. Lifestyle/routine activity measures showed varying associations with worry. The most consistent finding was that spending time with friends in the city-centre was significantly and negatively associated with worry across months and moments, but just failed to reach the level of significance for daily worry. Overall, the somewhat varying results indicate that worry cannot be assumed to be equally associated with lifestyle/routine activities across months, days and moments. These findings also imply more generally that research on worry about victimisation and other similar phenomena needs to consider how the outcome is measured in terms of reference periods and unit of analysis. Future research using more representative samples is needed to confirm the findings from this exploratory study.

Bakgrund: Vi ska alla möta döden. Att få möjlighet att göra det på ett värdigt vis med bevarad integritet och autonomi är förmodligen något de flesta önskar sig. Autonomi, eller möjligheten till självbestämmande, är en lagstadgad del av hur vården i Sverige är utformad. Sjuksköterskan har omvårdnadsansvaret vilket bland annat innebär arbete kring patientens autonomi. Denna litteraturstudie är en sammanställning av befintlig forskning av sjuksköterskors erfarenheter och perspektiv i arbetet med patientens autonomi vid vård i livets slutskede Syfte: Att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av arbetet med att främja patientens autonomi vid vård i livets slutskede. Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsycInfo analyserades. Resultat: Två kategorier identifierades: Insikter om betydelsen av utarbetade omvårdnadsstrategier och förhållningssätt vid palliativ omvårdnad samt Etiska och praktiska utmaningar i det palliativa omvårdnadsarbetet med patient, anhöriga och vårdteamet. Sjuksköterskorna betonade vikten av familjefokuserad vård, kommunikationsstrategier för att främja autonomi, sjuksköterskans engagemang, strategier för att stärka patientens beslutsförmåga, stöd för vårdtagarens identitet och att vara patientens advokat. Utmaningar var etiska dilemman och utmaningar, transkulturella utmaningar samt utmaningar kring samarbete och kommunikation. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor möter etiska och praktiska utmaningar vid vård i livets slutskede. Det finns en medvetenhet om, samt möjlighet att hantera detta genom funktionellt stöd, strategier, system och organisation

In this work, the effects of the law (1990:52) with special provisions on the care of young persons acts (LVU) on the placed children are examined. What is highlighted in this work are the risk and protective factors that a placement under this law can entail. What is importantand in focus in this work is the social worker's experiences and knowledge of risk and protective factors during a placement. What is also important is to investigate how room for maneuver and working methods can have an effect on the risk and protective factors. This study is based on three questions concerning risk and protective factors, how these factors are affected by working methods and scope for action, and how these in turn can affect the client's placement.The conclusions in this work led to the fact that risk and protective factors are different for each individual as each individual is different from the other. A placement can involve both risk and protection, but the work during the placement plays a large role in the results of the placement. Alliance and the possibility to vary the way of working are hugely important fort he work. The working methods can be significant for the risk and protective factors, as the alliance can be a leading factor for effective treatment. If the client is placed in an environment where the needs cannot be met, this may mean a risk and relocation to another environment.

Geoteknisk information är avgörande för bygg- och infrastrukturprojekt i Sverige,men hanteringen och standardiseringen av denna information är bristfällig. Förnärvarande används olika dataformat, vilket skapar kommunikationsproblem mellanolika aktörer, såsom geotekniker och konstruktörer, och leder till bådeinformationsförlust och ineffektivitet. Det finns inget nationellt ansvar för att hanteradessa data. Standardiserade dataformat, såsom Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) ochAssociation of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (AGS), skulleförbättra hanteringen och informationsutbytet mellan olika aktörer. Användningen avdessa format är särskilt relevant under projekteringsskedet. Detta arbete syftar till attundersöka hur geotekniska data hanteras idag, vilka utmaningar som finns mednuvarande metoder samt undersöka problemet med bristen på användning avstandardiserade dataformat för geotekniska data inom byggbranschen i Sverige.Studien genomfördes med hjälp av två forskningsmetoder: litteraturstudier och enkvalitativ metod. Litteraturstudien omfattar en systematisk litteratursökning med hjälpav Google Scholar för att samla relevant forskning inom studien ämnesområde. Dennametod gav en teoretisk grund och översikt över tidigare forskning. Kvalitativ metodinnefattar semistrukturerade intervjuer med olika verksamheter och företag. Resultatetvisar att standardiserade dataformat inte används i större utsträckning i branschen.Därmed att implementeringen av ett standardiserat dataformat som IFC och AGS kantroligen förbättra hanteringen av geotekniska data. Vidare framhålls vikten avstandardisering av dataformat som AGS och IFC, för att effektiviserainformationsutbytet och förbättra kvaliteten på geotekniska analyser.Det framhålls vikten av att kunna utnyttja insamlade data fullt ut och attstandardiserade format kan minska risken för informationsförlust samt förbättradesignprocessen inom branschen. Fördelarna med att implementera IFC-filformat äratt överföring av IFC-filformat i 3D-modeller skulle förbättras, vilket gör det lättareatt hantera data enhetligt över olika programvaruplattformar. Dessutom skulle AGSstandardisera data som samlas från markundersökningar. Tillsammans skulledataformat bidra till en nationell standardisering och därmed ökad effektivitet vidöverföringsprocessen.

Background In this study, we explore teachers' and special educators'/special teachers' experiences with additional adjustments in Swedish elementary schools for students in grades 4-9.

Methods Interviews with teachers and special educators were conducted to collect qualitative data, and surveys to collect quantitative data. Bronfenbrenner's ecological, bioecological model and Vygotsky's zone of proximal development were used to analyze the collected data.

Results Participants report generally that many students with special needs risk not receiving appropriate support for knowledge development. Additional adjustments are reported as often being applied at a general level and rarely tailored to the individual. Support for implementation of appropriate support is hindered due to deficiencies in guidelines and follow-up knowledge mapping.

Conclusions It is problematic that students’ needs are not being met. Our findings support the need for improved guidelines, policy changes and increased awareness around the importance of meeting students’ unique learning needs.

Most European countries have experienced depopulation in rural and remote places over thelast decade. Eurostat (2021) forecasts that populations are likely to shrink in four out of fiverural regions by 2050. Croatia has for more than half a century recorded an increasing numberof places with a significant decrease in the number of inhabitants. This process is particularlypronounced on many islands. There are almost 200 uninhabited places in Croatia (Dugački,Peternel and Škiljan 2021), of which many are located on the islands.Croatian islands have many difficulties that remind of the general problems of rural andremote regions, which includes fast urbanization, deagrarianization and falling birth rates, butthere are also some specific national causes and explanations. Despite this, demographictrends in Croatia are generally treated as a marginal problem, regardless of the fact that theydirectly and indirectly generate economic and social problems that are difficult to overcome:demographic aging, labour market bottlenecks, problems of caring for single elderly, lack ofsustainability in health and social security systems, and reduced economic growth.In this paper we focus on migration and examine previous studies on why people leave remoteand rural areas. The research questions are: (RQ1) What do we know about why people leaverural and remote regions? (RQ2) Which are the main drivers for leaving rural and remoteregions according to previous research? For this, we consider both the theoreticalperspectives on migration, but also previous empirical findings. We have found that there aremany lessons learned from international experiences that also can be applied on Croatianislands, for example migration due to education and labour market possibilities. However,access to amenities and higher quality of life are advantages for the Croatian islands.

The purpose of this essay is to discuss how how leisure-time teachers interpret the democratic mission in accordance with the different roles of a teacher. The main focus is how teachers interpret the use of power to lead pupils' to independence. We gathered empirical data from four different leisure-time teachers by using a qualitative methodology in the form of semi-structured interviews. We interpreted our empirical material by using discourse analysis and self-determination theory which provided different perspectives on the empirical data. The opportunities and obstacles that occur when the leisure-time teacher works between the classroom, the leisure-time center and activities in between has been analyzed throgh different themes. Some examples of themes are closed classrooms where the focus is dealing with how the leisure-time teachers experience difficulties when they want to work with democracy because of limited influence. Another example is that supportive democracy deals with how they view the democratic mission as an opportunity to support pupils into self-determination. The last example is pupils' influence where the leisure-time teachers try to get the pupils to have influence by affecting their inner motivation to make the activities meaningful. The essay emphasizes how teachers deal with the tension between the pupils' autonomy and the schools obligation to lead them in a certain direction.

When talking about sports organizations, an interesting domain of analysis is the social engagement of these organizations. In what way can there be organizational changes within sports organizations under the influence of their social engagement? Bearing in mind the different domains of social engagement and different social challenges, the analysis of these organizational changes should be clearly specified. This is precisely why this research is concentrated on IK EOS basketball club and the EOS Cares social sustainability program established by this club. Using qualitative data collected from interviews with the management of IK EOS and the EOS Cares program, as well as former participants and interns at EOS Cares, as well as the application of deductive thematic analysis based on constructivist theoretical concepts, the importance of specific external social circumstances when analyzing the process of organizational changes was determined. Through the boundary object concept, the results and analysis showed the importance of regional and local social circumstances and events that influenced the formation of the EOS Cares program. Also, through the action nets concept, structural organizational changes and the expansion of entities within IK EOS as a consequence of the functioning of the EOS Cares program were analyzed and determined. After that, the impact of the functioning of the EOS Cares program on the organizational culture of IK EOS was determined based on the coexistence of already established sports activities but also social activities carried out within EOS Cares. The interrelation of the thematized results is also clearly explained and analyzed. To interrelate all these factors and explain them as a process and a whole, a correlation of thematic data was carried out, where it was clearly established that the function of EOS Cares shaped the organizational identity of IK EOS. 

Zirconium hydride is commonly used for next-generation reactor designs due to its excellent hydrogen retention capacity at temperatures below 1000 K. These types of reactors operate at thermal neutron energies and require accurate representation of thermal scattering laws (TSLs) to optimize moderator performance and evaluate the safety indicators for reactor design. In this work, we present an atomic-scale representation of sub-stoichiometric ZrH_2−x (0.3≤𝑥≤0.6), which relies on ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) in tandem with velocity auto-correlation (VAC) analysis to generate phonon density of states (DOS) for TSL development. The novel NJOY+NCrystal tool, developed by the European Spallation Source community, was utilized to generate the TSL formulations in the A Compact ENDF (ACE) format for its utility in neutron transport software. First, stoichiometric zirconium hydride cross sections were benchmarked with experiments. Then sub-stoichiometric zirconium hydride TSLs were developed. Significant deviations were observed between the new δ-phase ZrH2−x TSLs and the TSLs in the current ENDF release. It was also observed that varying the hydrogen vacancy defect concentration and sites did not cause as significant a change in the TSLs (e.g., ZrH_1.4 vs. ZrH_1.7) as was caused by the lattice transformation from 𝜖- to δ-phase.

BACKGROUND: The patient's perception of external radiotherapy (RT) procedures and equipment is important to evaluate as a complement to endpoints such as treatment outcome and reproducibility. There is a lack of a proper, psychometrically robust instrument to evaluate the patient's comfort and experience of the external RT procedure. Hence, this study aimed to develop and test an instrument to measure the patient's experience during external RT.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A preliminary 34-item questionnaire was generated from research literature, expert consultations and patient interviews, and it was distributed to patients (n = 825) at 8 RT units in Sweden. The answers were subjected to item analysis and reduction by using exploratory factor analysis. The reliability of the final questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Mean scale scores were compared across gender, length of RT and treatment area.

RESULTS: Most items were highly skewed towards positive responses. Scree plot analyses of the 34-item correlation matrix identified six underlying themes explaining 68% of the total variance. After item reduction, the 6 themes explained 73% of the variance in a 23-item questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory for all themes (between 0.79 and 0.9). Significant differences between treatment areas were found for two scales: situational unease and situational repose.

CONCLUSION: The RT Experience Questionnaire is a tentatively valid and reliable instrument to measure how patients experience the external RT session process and the environment in the treatment room.

Neovascularization is implicated in the pathology of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which are the leading causes of blindness worldwide. In our work, we analyzed how heme released during hemorrhage affects hypoxic response and neovascularization. Our retrospective clinical analysis demonstrated, that hemorrhage was associated with more severe retinal neovascularization in ROP patients. Our heme-stimulated human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cell studies demonstrated increased expression of positive regulators of angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), a key player of ROP, DR and AMD, and highlighted the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/VEGFA pathway involved in angiogenesis in response to heme. Furthermore, heme decreased oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, augmented glycolysis, facilitated HIF-1α nuclear translocation, and increased VEGFA/GLUT1/PDK1 expression suggesting HIF-1α-driven hypoxic response in ARPE-19 cells without effecting the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Inhibitors of HIF-1α, PI3K and suppression of mTOR pathway by clinically promising drug, rapamycin, mitigated heme-provoked cellular response. Our data proved that oxidatively modified forms of hemoglobin can be sources of heme to induce VEGFA during retinal hemorrhage. We propose that hemorrhage is involved in the pathology of ROP, DR, and AMD.

The purpose of the thesis is to investigate which building attributes young adults in Malmö prefer and what their preferences are for achieving aesthetic well-being. This means analyzing the effect the architecture and building attributes has from the different eras and what values and characteristics that cause a certain building attribute to be perceived as more aesthetically pleasing than another.

The discussion about the growth of cities is current and especially regarding the debate about aesthetics. It is thus understood that the aesthetic values ​​of architecture have a

effect on people's experience, therefore it should be considered important to investigate what

Malmö city's young adults search after concerning building attributes. The architectural value of a building thus appears as an important part on which it is interesting and relevant for studying how aesthetics affect young adults. 

The result showed that the young adults in Malmö prefer traditional housing because they appreciate the details of the interior and exterior. But there was also a considerable part that preferred new construction due to the fact that they appreciate the functional and modern attributes they offer. 

Keywords: young adults, preferences, building attributes

Abstrakt 

Syftet med denna studie var att få kunskap om modersmålslärares syn på muntlig interaktion och dess betydelse i undervisningen, och att ta del av modersmålslärares uppfattningar om kooperativt lärande som arbetssätt i relation till elevernas muntliga interaktion i klassrummet. För att uppnå syftet ska undersökningen besvara nedanstående följande frågor. 1. Vilken betydelse tillmäter modersmålslärare den muntliga interaktionen i undervisningen? 2. Vad anser modersmålslärare om arbetssättet kooperativt lärande i relation till elevernas muntliga interaktion i klassrummet? Studiens teoretiska perspektiv är den sociokulturella teorin och en teoretisk modell av kooperativt lärande. Säljö (2015) betonar att enligt sociokulturella teorin samspelet och interaktionen är betydelsefulla aspekter i elevernas utveckling. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ intervjumetod. Studiens deltagare är fem modersmålslärare som arbetar med kooperativt lärande som arbetssätt. Resultatet visar att lärarna i studien hade nästan odelat positiva erfarenheter av kooperativt lärande och lyfte fram att kooperativt lärande stärker elevernas muntliga interaktion i klassrummet, det vill säga deras förmågor till kommunikativt och socialt samspel. Arbetssättet uppfattades dock av en lärare som tidskrävande och det uppfattades som svårt att skaffa adekvat kännedom om elevgruppen för att skapa optimala gruppsammansättningar. 

This Bachelor’s thesis provides a comparative analysis of the core algorithms of A-star (A*) and Breadth-First Search (BFS) in multi-target scenarios. Previous research has conducted comparisons of these algorithms in single-target scenarios and improvementst o the algorithms to address their limitations. However, this thesis evaluates the basic versions of A* and BFS for situations where complex implementations are not possible or preferred. The study systematically simulates these algorithms across various scenarios to understand their performance in managing multiple targets. The results show that BFS is generally more effective in scenarios with a small search space and in environments with a higher number of targets due to its ability to locate multiple targets in a single search. Conversely, A* performs better in scenarios where there are fewer targets and the search space is larger, due to its heuristic approach that prioritizes paths which seem more promising. The thesis provides guidelines for developers and researchers to assist in the decision-making process when choosing between these two algorithms depending on specific application requirements.

The relatively recent incidence of COVID-19 has arguably accelerated production andinterest in E-health applications. In a physically restricted environment in which patientswere less likely to be able to seek the care they need, these apps could act as a bridgebetween doctor and patient with regards to evaluation, diagnosis and prescription-basedcare. Furthermore, within the context of COVID-19 specifically, these applicationsarguably helped alleviate an already stressed live environment by offering preliminaryevaluations and assurances to patients who might have been forced to visit a clinicalsetting for answers a professional might have been able to answer through live video.Within physiotherapy, range of motion (ROM) defines the degree to which an individualis able to move their joints. Specifically, shoulder-ROM is essential for an individualsday-to-day activities and overall well-being. Evaluation of shoulder-ROM could thereforebe considered of utmost importance in maintaining overall well-being, especially consideringthe senior members of a population.Recent developments in Computer Science (CS), particularly within the field of ArtificialIntelligence (AI) offer exciting options within the prospects of E-health. While developmentswithin generative AI have made definitive impacts on the professional and private settingalike, tools such as computer vision and hearing have already been widely adoptedwithin the context of health-care, offering faster analysis of X-ray images for diagnosisas an example. Efficiency within healthcare is critical, but further entanglement betweenhealth-care and CS also stresses the importance of privacy. The amount of data generatedwithin health-care is considerable, and managing this data securely in order for theend-user to be and feel truly secure will only continue to be of greater importancemoving forward.This study presents a mobile application for the evaluation of shoulder-ROM whilepreserving privacy of the end-user. The full scale of the application is designed asa client-server relationship between the app itself operated by the end-user and anindependent server which stores and retrieves data for the client. This applicationfurther hopes to present a solution for a use-case which is general for the domain ofanalysis of ROM through computer vision.The application produced in this thesis hopes to offer an individual the ability tocomfortably evaluate specific movements pertaining to shoulder-ROM by offering real-timeand progressive feedback. Furthermore, with the ability to save data produced bythe end-user in a privacy-securing manner, the application would give professionalsthe ability to quickly evaluate the shoulder-ROM of their patients. Lastly, the studyitself hopes to prove that producing a seemingly complex application for use withinhealth-care can at this point in time be achieved by relatively ease, and that expansionto new use-cases within the context ROM is more than achievable through the use of modern tools like computer-vision.

Drug abuse is a social problem, and a large percentage of the Correctional Service's clients have a drug addiction. There is a connection between drug addiction and crime since many drug users commit crimes to support their addiction. Furthermore there is a high societal stigmatization of people with drug addiction. This study examines how organizations work with relapse prevention linked to drug abuse and the actors experiences and views on problems related to drug addiction. The aim is to investigate which elements in the treatment process can be developed and which elements are essential for relapse prevention. It also aims to examine the connection between crime, stigmatization, and drug abuse.  The study uses a qualitative approach by conducting twelve semi-structured interviews with actors from different organizations working with relapse prevention.

The results of the study show that an extended collaboration and communication between actors is an important part of the treatment process. Moreover it also highlights the importance of using different treatments since many drug users need combined treatments to meet the user's individual needs. Another finding is that treatment of addiction can reduce crime, but one aspect that can make it difficult to reach out to drug users is the stigma in society that creates guilt and shame. The finding suggests increased resources is necessary to improve the collaboration between organizations that work with relapse prevention for drug users. 

Bakgrund: Informella vårdare, anhöriga som regelbundet hjälper eller ger stöd till en långvarigt sjuk person, spelar en central roll i omvårdnaden. Delaktighet i anhörigomsorg omfattar praktisk, emotionell och intellektuell omsorg. Joyce Travelbees modell för mellanmänskliga relationer används för att förstå komplexiteten i relationen mellan informella vårdare och cancersjuka anhöriga. Syfte: Att belysa anhörigas upplevelser av delaktighet i omvårdnaden av en närstående med cancer. Metod: Litteraturstudien baserades på 12 primärstudier med kvalitativ ansats. Databaserna Cinahl och PubMed hade använts för att söka studier. Artiklarna genomgick en innehållsanalys, baserad på meningsbärande enheter från de valda studierna. Resultat: Fyra kategorier och arton subkategorier identifierades. Kategorierna var: kunskap (avsaknad, hinder för kunskap och önskan till förbättring), delaktighet (delaktighet i praktisk och emotionell vård, avsaknad, hinder för delaktighet och önskan till förbättring), identitet (informella vårdares roller, påverkan och förväntningar) och känslomässiga upplevelser (stress, oro, frustration, isolering samt copingstrategier av positiv eller negativ karaktär). Resultatet visade att informella vårdare till cancersjuka närstående ofta upplevde brist på information och delaktighet samt stöd från vårdpersonal, vilket ledde till osäkerhet och stress. Informella vårdare deltog i omfattande praktiska och emotionella vårduppgifter, vilket kunde vara överväldigande och leda till känslor av otillräcklighet. Slutsats: Behov av utbildning, vägledning och psykosocialt stöd, såsom stödgrupper och familjerådgivare, var framträdande. Att aktivt involvera anhöriga i vårdprocessen och tillhandahålla nödvändig information kunde förbättra vårdkvaliteten och livskvaliteten för både cancersjuka och deras anhöriga.

INTRODUCTION: At times of parental cancer, children's health and well-being are at risk, which is why interventions to support these children have been developed. When developing such interventions, engagement of the population under study in research is endorsed to enhance relevance of research questions and to enhance uptake and dissemination of the findings. Since no previous review has mapped the ways children participate in the development, use and evaluation of these support interventions, the focus of the upcoming scoping review is to identify gaps in the literature for guidance of future research.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The scoping review is guided by the methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley. A preliminary search strategy was performed in PubMed in November 2020, refined in March 2021 and applied in PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL. Additional searches were performed in Google Scholar and SwePub, and reference lists were hand searched. Refined searches will be conducted in February 2024. The multidisciplinary research team will independently screen titles, abstracts and full-text articles for relevance. Then, relevant studies will be critically evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Skills Tools. Data will be extracted using an extraction form and analysed deductively. A descriptive summary of study characteristics and the research process will be presented, including a flow chart. The reporting of the study will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Being a secondary analysis, ethical approval is not needed. Still, relevant studies will be reviewed for ethical approval as a criterion for inclusion. The findings will be used to inform future studies and will be published in a scientific journal as well as presented at conferences and organisations for children's rights.

Studie tar sin utgångspunkt i undervisning av ämnet samhällskunskap och att det svenska samhället visar odemokratiska tendenser samt en växande social oro. Studien vilar på forskningsfrågan; Vilka möjligheter och utmaningar möter lärare i sin undervisning i ämnet samhällskunskap och hur påverkar detta deras uppdrag att främja en hållbar demokratisk och social samhällsutveckling? Syftet är att få en insyn i lärarnas och samhällskunskapsundervisningens praktik för att på sikt kunna hitta vägar till att göra ämnet hållbart i förhållande till samhällets utveckling. Detta är en intervjubaserad studie med fyra undervisande lärare i ämnet samhällskunskap på högstadiet. Empirin har analyserats tematiskt i syfte att se framträdande mönster vilka i sin tur har teoretiskt analyserats ur ett relationellt perspektiv på lärande utifrån J. Aspelins relationskompetensmodell. I förhållande till uppdraget att främja social sammanhållning framkommer tema; bristande tillit och social oro i lärmiljön, samt ämnesöverskridande undervisning. I förhållande till uppdraget att främja demokratiska värde; Tidsbrist och bedömningskriterier styr undervisningen mot faktaöverföring samt skapa utrymme för elever att uttrycka sina tankar. Resultaten visar att i likhet med både internationell och nationell forskning behöver ämnets styrdokument ses över för att det på sikt ska bli hållbart i förhållande till samhällets behov. Den utveckling som lärarna upplever är att det relationella perspektivet, att arbeta med värde, normer och attityder genom interaktion och subjektifiering minskar eller uteblir till förmån för det punktuella perspektivet med faktaöverföring och objektifiering. Denna studie bidrar med en undervisningspraktiskt nära analys och resultaten bör väcka intresse för vidare studier kring hur ämnet kan göras hållbart i förhållande till samhällets behov. 

Keywords: Demokrati, hållbarhet, samhällskunskap, samhällsutveckling, subjektifiering, relationellt, relationskompetens, undervisning, värde.

The purpose of my thesis is to investigate the view civics teachers have of their teaching role and the emotional labor which they perform, specifically regarding the responsibility for students who have some type of private problem that is not directly connected to the school. Stress and mental illness are according to the teachers who were interviewed the most common types of private problems among their students. The study will also aim to understand civics teachers’ thoughts about the boundaries they choose to set. The thesis contains interviews with five civics teachers. To analyze the result Arlie Hochschilds theory about emotional labor is used. The main result of this thesis is that the teachers see the relationships with their students as very important. The reason for this includes (among others) a genuine concern about their students and the positive effect that good relationships have on their teaching. 

Genom reformeringen av arbetsrätten som trädde i kraft under 2022 har reglernavid uppsägning blivit mer flexibla. Samtidigt stärktes individers möjligheterför att få omställningsstöd och kompetensutveckling via parternas förnyadeomställningsavtal och omställningsorganisationer, samt genom det nya statligaomställningsstudiestödet. Omställningsorganisationerna har därmed fått ettutökat uppdrag inom arbetsmarknadspolitiken och deras roll har blivit synligareoch mer institutionaliserad. Trots det finns det knappa kunskaper om vilkaorganisatoriska förutsättningar och konkreta arbetssätt de utgår ifrån.Genom en dokumentanalys kartlägger vi hur omställningsorganisationernaär organiserade och vilka typer av privata aktörer som anlitas av dem.

Introduction: Widening participation in education by including students from underrepresented groups has been recognized as important for the last decade. During the recent pandemic, the interest in how to make students from different backgrounds feel part of the university, and connected to their studies and peers, has become an even more widespread concern and therefore important to explore further.

The aim of our study was to develop a conceptual model for educational design to support student engagement and participation, by exploring pedagogical aspects recognized as being valuable during widening participation initiatives.

Methods: We used meta-ethnography following the recommended seven steps: getting started, developing a search strategy, reading and assessing the quality of the papers, analyzing how the different studies related to each other based on the interpretation of quotations of the informants (first order) and the researchers of the articles (second order), translating the meaning of the studies, developing a line of argument, and finally developing a conceptual model to express the synthesis. Three databases we used: PubMed, ERIC, and Scopus; the PRISMA workflow was used.

Results: Six articles with a qualitative approach were included. A conceptual model was developed with the theme ‘Scaffolding Strategies’ and four sub-themes: Academic Support, Social Interaction, Processing Expectations and Clarifying Learning Progress.

Conclusion: We developed a conceptual model from previous studies that entailed aspects of particular importance to support widening participation. By using scaffolding strategies in course design, teachers and students may collectively improve the learning environment to promote widening participation, through clear instructions and frequent interaction, communication and calibration of expectations, clarification of learning processes and progress, and support for academic-skills development. Furthermore, the importance of using academic support and social interaction between students and teachers early on, to encourage students to explore how to become an independent learner, is highlighted.

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) effectively colonizes the human nasopharynx, but can migrate to other host sites, causing infections such as pneumonia and sepsis. Previous studies indicate that pneumococci grown as biofilms have phenotypes of bacteria associated with colonization whereas bacteria released from biofilms in response to changes in the local environment (i.e., dispersed bacteria) represent populations with phenotypes associated with disease. How these niche-adapted populations interact with immune cells upon reaching the vascular compartment has not previously been studied. Here, we investigated neutrophil, monocyte, and platelet activation using ex vivo stimulation of whole blood and platelet-rich plasma with pneumococcal populations representing distinct stages of the infectious process (biofilm bacteria and dispersed bacteria) as well as conventional broth-grown culture (planktonic bacteria). Methods: Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to assess surface and soluble activation markers for neutrophil and monocyte activation, platelet-neutrophil complex and platelet-monocyte complex formation, and platelet activation and responsiveness. Results: Overall, we found that biofilm-derived bacteria (biofilm bacteria and dispersed bacteria) induced significant activation of neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets. In contrast, little to no activation was induced by planktonic bacteria. Platelets remained functional after stimulation with bacterial populations and the degree of responsiveness was inversely related to initial activation. Bacterial association with immune cells followed a similar pattern as activation. Discussion: Differences in activation of and association with immune cells by biofilm-derived populations could be an important consideration for other pathogens that have a biofilm state. Gaining insight into how these bacterial populations interact with the host immune response may reveal immunomodulatory targets to interfere with disease development.

BackgroundLarge variation in the prevalence of ankylosis and replacement resorption (ARR) is reported in the literature and most studies have relatively small patient numbers. The present retrospective study aimed to provide an overview on prevalence, location of, and associated risk factors with ARR based on a large sample of computed tomography (CT) / cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of impacted teeth. The results should allow clinicians to better estimate the risk of ARR at impacted teeth.MethodsThe CT/CBCT scans of 5764 patients of a single center in Central Europe were screened with predefined eligibility criteria. The following parameters were recorded for the finally included population: gender, age, tooth type/position, number of impacted teeth per patient, and presence/absence of ARR. For teeth with ARR the tooth location in reference to the dental arch, tooth angulation, and part of the tooth affected by ARR were additionally registered.ResultsAltogether, 4142 patients with 7170 impacted teeth were included. ARR was diagnosed at 187 impacted teeth (2.6%) of 157 patients (3.7%); 58% of these patients were female and the number of teeth with ARR per patient ranged from 1 to 10. Depending on the tooth type the prevalence ranged from 0 (upper first premolars, lower central and lateral incisors) to 41.2% (upper first molars). ARR was detected at the crown (57.2%), root (32.1%), or at both (10.7%). After correcting for confounders, the odds for ARR significantly increased with higher age; further, incisors and first/second molars had the highest odds for ARR, while wisdom teeth had the lowest. More specifically, for 20-year-old patients the risk for ARR at impacted incisors and first/second molars ranged from 7.7 to 10.8%, but it approximately tripled to 27.3-35.5% for 40-year-old patients. In addition, female patients had significantly less often ARR at the root, while with increasing age the root was significantly more often affected by ARR than the crown.ConclusionARR at impacted teeth is indeed a rare event, i.e., only 2.6% of 7170 impacted teeth were ankylosed with signs of replacement resorption. On the patient level, higher age significantly increased the odds for ARR and on the tooth level, incisors and first/second molars had the highest odds for ARR, while wisdom teeth had the lowest.

Background: Osteoporosis is increasingly being recognized in children, mostly secondary to systemic underlying conditions or medication. However, no imaging modality currently provides a full evaluation of bone health in children. We compared DXA, a radiographic bone health index (BHI (BoneXpert) and cone-beam CT for the assessment of low bone mass in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: Data used in the present study was drawn from a large multicentre study including 228 children aged 4-16 years, examined between 2015 and 2020. All had a radiograph of the left hand, a DXA scan and a cone-beam CT of the temporomandibular joints within four weeks of each other. For the present study, we included 120 subjects, selected based on DXA BMD and BoneXpert BHI to secure values across the whole range to be tested.

Results: One hundred and twenty children (60.0% females) were included, mean age 11.6 years (SD 3.1 years). There was a strong correlation between the absolute values of BHI and BMD for both total body less head (TBLH) (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) and lumbar spine (L1-L4) (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). The correlation between BHI standard deviation score (SDS) and BMD TBLH Z-scores was weak (r = 0.34) but significant (0 = 0.001), varying from weak (r = 0.31) to moderate (r = 0.42) between the three study sites. Categorizing BHI SDS and DXA BMD Z-scores on a 0-5 scale yielded a weak agreement between the two for both TBLH and LS, with w-kappa of 0.2, increasing to 0.3 when using quadratic weights. The agreement was notably higher for one of the three study sites as compared to the two others, particularly for spine assessment, yielding a moderate kappa value of 0.4 - 0.5. For cone-beam CT, based on a 1-3 scale, 59 out of 94 left TMJ's were scored as 1 and 31 as score 2 by the first observer vs. 87 and 7 by the second observer yielding a poor agreement (kappa 0.1).

Conclusions: Categorizing DXA LS and automated radiographic Z-scores on a 0-5 scale gave a weak to moderate agreement between the two methods, indicating that a hand radiograph might provide an adjuvant tool to DXA when assessing bone health children with JIA, given thorough calibration is performed.

There is a vast literature evaluating the empirical association between stay-at-home policies and crime during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these academic efforts have primarily focused on the effects within specific cities or regions rather than adopting a cross-national comparative approach. Moreover, this body of literature not only generally lacks causal estimates but also has overlooked possible heterogeneities across different levels of stringency in mobility restrictions. This paper exploits the spatial and temporal variation of government responses to the pandemic in 45 cities across five continents to identify the causal impact of strict lockdown policies on the number of offenses reported to local police. We find that cities that implemented strict lockdowns experienced larger declines in some crime types (robbery, burglary, vehicle theft) but not others (assault, theft, homicide). This decline in crime rates attributed to more stringent policy responses represents only a small proportion of the effects documented in the literature.

Syftet med studien var att se hur lärare inom fritidshemmet använder digitala medier samt deras allmänna digitala kompetens. Studien består av tre frågeställningar: ”Hur arbetar fritidshemslärare med digitaliserad undervisning i fritidshemmet?”, ”På vilket sätt beskriver fritidshemslärare sin digitala kompetens?”, samt, ”vilka utmaningar och möjligheter möter lärare i fritidshemmet när de implementerar digitalisering i undervisningen?” För att belysa dessa frågor utgick vi från semistrukturerade intervjuer, där vi intervjuade fyra olika fritidshemslärare från olika skolor. Intervjuerna blev sedan tematiskt analyserade och delades upp i olika kategorier: digital literacy, game literacy, media literacy och web literacy. Vi upptäckte att digitala verktyg hjälpte motivationen av eleverna men att det också kan vara en distraktion. Vi fick också lära oss att lärarna hade problem att lära ut genom digitala verktyg och därför föredrog traditionella medel istället. Samtidigt gav digitala verktyg möjligheter för att främja elevernas motivation och delaktighet i lärande. 

Virtual Reality (VR) possesses an unique quality that distinguishes it from other digital learning tools. Its immersive presence deepens the experience of the virtual environment, enabling empathetic understanding as users inhabit alternative perspectives and perceive the world through different viewpoints. While VR holds great potential as an educational tool, its applications in the educational field remain largely unexplored and open for discussion. Key inquiries revolve around the integration of alternative realities, such as those offered by VR, into classroom instruction and its impact on the teachers. Drawing from personal experiences in education and teaching, it becomes evident that the teacher's role is multifaceted and challenging. This study aims to explore and analyse VR as a pedagogical tool in Swedish schools, through phenomenological theory. By providing insights into how digitalization, with VR as a component, influences teachers, the study seeks to enrich understanding in this domain. Through empirical findings and phenomenological theory, it becomes apparent that the essence of teaching varies among teachers and is influenced by individual personality traits. Common characteristics within the essence of teaching include curiosity, structure, and the teacher-student relationship. However, the essence of teaching undergoes transformation when VR is used as a pedagogical tool. For some respondents, their teaching became more student-centered, while others find themselves becoming more structured in their approach. In the discussion, VR is discussed as a pedagogical tool within the classroom, with arguments suggesting it is giving an impact to the classroom dynamics. Nevertheless, this change in dynamics can be without immediate judgment. But can be taken into consideration while doing further stuying on the subject.