Bakgrund: Socialstyrelsen uppskattade 2011 att det fanns cirka 780 000 personer i Sverige som var över 18 med ett problematiskt bruk av substanser. Personer med substansberoende är ofta drabbade av samsjuklighet. Gruppen löper högre risk att utveckla somatiska sjukdomar, direkt eller indirekt, via deras substansberoende, vilket bidrar till en komplexitet vad gäller bemötandet och vården av dessa personer. Personer med substansberoende är en utsatt grupp som en sjuksköterska kan komma att stöta på i samtliga vårdinstanser. Forskning visar att detta utsatta grupp är, för vårdpersonal, utmanande att bemöta. Därför är det vitigt att veta hur personer med substansberoende upplever bemötande inom vården, specifikt somatisk vård. Ökad förståelse av och kunskap om personer med substansberoende är avgörande för att förbättra sjuksköterskans möjligheter att ge personcentrerad och jämlik vård. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa upplevelser av bemötande hos personer med substansberoende inom somatisk vård. Metod: Litteraturstudien baserades på 13 studier av kvalitativ ansats. Databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsycInfo användes för att utföra litteratursökningen. Inklusions- och exklusionskriterier användes. Studier kvalitetsgranskades med hjälp av SBU:s granskningsmall. Analys av data genomfördes med hjälp av Popenoe´s analysmetod. Resultat: Tre huvudteman identifierades: Stigma och diskriminering, Misstro och tvivel och Respektfull och inkluderande bemötande. Huvudteman följdes av fyra subteman: Förväntan av stigmatisering, Språk och kommunikation som förstärker stigma, Bli hörd i en misstroende miljö samt Delaktighet och samarbete. Konklusion: Upplevelser av bemötande hos personer med substansberoende inom somatisk vård upplevs i stor del i negativa ordalag. Det framkom i resultatet flera fall av stigmatisering, misstro, fördomar och ojämlikhet gentemot personer med substansberoende. Avsaknades av ovan nämnda negativa komponenter bidrog till upplevelsen av ett gott bemötande. Delaktighet i sin egen vår främjade också upplevelser av ett gott bemötande.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how preschool employees in Malmö and Helsingborg are affected by cuts and the demands from superiors. The study will also explore how the employees manage these issues and what specific demands are placed on preschool staff. Two research questions were posed based on this objective: 

1.  How are preschool employees in Malmö and Helsingborg affected by cuts and demands?

2.  How do preschool staff in Malmö and Helsingborg handle the problems arising from cuts and demands?

To reach the results, interviews were conducted with two active preschool teachers for preschool, one in Malmö and one in Helsingborg.

The study's results showed that the cuts and increased demands on preschool staff lead to poorer well-being and stress. The interviews also emphasized that the lack of staff and resources means that the tasks they are expected to accomplish cannot be achieved due to insufficient time for both the children and the tasks. The large child groups are also perceived by the interviewees as an obstacle to attending to each child individually, and this creates stress for the preschool staff. The changes the interviewees would like to see in preschools include reduced child group sizes and better resources for the staff. Additionally, more staff in the preschool would have made the work easier for the preschool employees.

Background: Breast cancer is wide spread among women. The treatment mightbe a combination of different types of treatments that lead to huge physical andpsychological impacts on the patients. For the fresh graduate’s nurses, it’s veryimportant to develop their understanding of patients’ experience with cancertreatments, so they can design and apply strategies of caring that concentrate onthe person and give support and ideal guidance during the care process. Purpose:This literature review aims to describe the experience of breast cancer patients inorder to contribute care and support during the treatment journey. Method: Theliterature review depends on the results of eleven scientific articles with aqualitative method. Thus, using PubMed & Cinahl databases to identify therelevant articles. All articles were subjected to the quality review based on thespecial review format of SBU, as they have been analyzed by using Popenoe’sprinciples of data analysis. Results: In the eleven studies, three main categorieswere identified. The first main category was labelled “Physical Changes,” whichincluded two subcategories: altered appearance and changes in sexuality andintimacy. The second main category was “Psychological Challenges,” composedof the following subcategories: depression, guilt and social isolation, and fear andanxiety. For the third main category was “Patients’ Need for Support,” with twosubcategories: the need for care and support from healthcare services and the needfor support from family. Conclusion: In breast cancer treatment and patients'experiences are characterized by big physical and psychological changes andshow an urgent need for support, as the health care and family support were veryimportant to deal with those challenges. On the other hand, the lack of support andmiscommunication led to an increase in insecurity and made the adaptation ofnew life necessities very difficult.

This bachelor's thesis aims to build and convey knowledge to architects regarding the process of creating interesting architectural animations. This is achieved through own studies as well as by studying film theory and film techniques. By developing an understanding of architectural animation, film theory and film technique, architects can learn to create more engaging animations.

Hah, E.-J. and five other researchers conducted a study on architectural animations and what characteristics characterize a successful animation. The study showed that architectural animations using different film techniques tend to be perceived as more engaging and interesting by viewers (Hah, E.-J. et al., 2008).

Background: Compassion fatigue is a state of exhaustion to which empathic nurses are particularly vulnerable. Compassion fatigue arises gradually because of prolonged exposure to other people's suffering, work-related stress, and a high emotional burden. It leads to a lack of motivation and willingness to commit to their patients, an affected private life, and emotional detachment. Aim: The literature review aimed to illustrate nurses' experiences of compassion fatigue within a healthcare setting. Method: The study is a literature review with a qualitative design. Twelve articles were identified through database searches in Cinahl, PubMed, and PsycInfo. Only qualitative studies that answered the purpose of the literature review were included. Results: The results consisted of three categories: compassion fatigue causes emotional burden, work-related challenges contribute to compassion fatigue and rewarding patient-relationships decrease the experience of compassion fatigue, which resulted in five subcategories. The results showed that the experience of compassion fatigue harmed nurses' well-being. The development of compassion fatigue can be derived from work-related challenges in terms of a high workload and lack of support. The inability to emotionally distance themselves from their patients also contributed to the nurses' development of compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue can express itself through experiences of fatigue, feelings of inadequacy, the need for isolation, and emotional detachment. However, nurses could also experience compassion satisfaction. Conclusion: Compassion fatigue entails negative consequences for nurses, both physically and mentally. The experiences of compassion fatigue could, however, arise and express themselves differently among nurses. However, some experiences contributed to reduced engagement towards patients and a lower quality of care. Nurses could also experience compassion satisfaction in rewarding patient relationships and thus reduce the experience of compassion fatigue.

Studien undersöker formella och informella roller som framträder i en körverksamhet. Hur medvetna är kördeltagare och körledare om dessa roller och använder de dessa aktivt för att kunna avlasta och fördela arbetet i gruppen. Studien är baserad på sociokulturell teori och körledarens roll är fundamental i detta perspektiv. Syftet är att synliggöra formella och informella roller i kör och att undersöka betydelsen av körledaren och beskriva på vilket sätt de informella och formella rollerna i en kör samverkar med körledaren. Studiens fältstudier består av observationer och gruppintervjuer med fyra deltagande körer och dess respektive körledare vilka dokumenterades med film och ljudupptagning. Resultaten visar hur ett inkluderande och möjliggörande ledarskap inte bara gynnar de musikaliska resultaten utan också stärker körens sociala sammanhållning och deltagarnas individuella utveckling.

This project has explored how product design, more specifically behavioural design, can be used to create a product that contributes to sustainable development. The focus is on increasing the amount of waste that is properly sorted to increase the rate of recycling of garbage. The study is grounded in design for behavioural change as well as the concept of gamification. Qualitative data has also been collected and analysed through the use of design probes followed by interviews. Based on these findings, several methods were applied in an idea generation process in order to develop various concepts that address the study's research question. Through sketching and prototyping, a final concept was then developed. The study resulted in a product designed to be placed in the user's home, allowing the user to reward themselves for making environmentally conscious choices in their daily life. This final concept constitutes the study's design contribution.

Background: Work-related stress is a well-known problem in health care, especially among nurses who often face high demands and time pressure in their work. The psychosocial work environment, which includes factors such as workload, management, time pressure and technical equipment, plays a central role in how stress is experienced and managed. 

Aim: The aim of the literature review is to describe the nurses' experience of how work-related stress affects patient safety.

Method: Literature study based on 12 qualitative scientific articles. 

Results: The results identified two themes related to the aim and describing the nurses' experiences: these main themes include emotional impact and organizational factors and from these three sub-themes have been created. The results showed that nurses experience work-related stress due to various factors that affect their ability to provide safe patient care. At the same time, supportive management, teamwork and adequate technical equipment are crucial to improve the work environment.

Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of sustainable working conditions to ensure the well-being of both staff and patients. Deficiencies in the work environment, such as insufficient time, understaffing and frequent interruptions, negatively affect patient safety and contribute to work-related stress for nurses. In contrast, continuity and well-planned workflows improve time management and patient safety. A supportive work environment, characterized by strong leadership, involvement, collaboration and control over scheduling, is essential to reduce stress and ensure high-quality care.

Studiens huvudsyfte är att undersöka kamratresponsens påverkan på elevers skrivutveckling och ta reda på om lärares förväntningar kring användningen av kamratrespons, stämde in med verkligheten. Studien genomfördes med kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer, där data samlades in genom utförda elev- och lärarintervjuer. Data analyserades därefter utifrån Brymans tematiska analys. Resultatet pekar på att kamratrespons spelar en stor roll i elevers skrivutveckling om den är utformad utifrån tydliga och enkla instruktioner från läraren. Flera av deltagarnas utsagor visar att kamratrespons behöver inkludera riktlinjer eleverna ska följa, för att kritiken ska vara givande och användbar. Dessutom visar studiens resultat att användningen av givande och meningsfull kamratrespons, bidrar till att lärarna upplever att eleverna skriver mer strukturerade och innehållsrika texter. 

Sexualundervisning är en viktig del inom skolan och som lärare i naturkunskap känner man ett stort ansvar att ge eleverna det de vill ha inom området. Med tanke på den vikt Skolverket har lagt vid sexualitet, samtycke och relationer vid 2022 års revidering av läroplanerna är det viktigt att eleven får det de har rätt till. Tidigare forskning visar att elevernas upplevelser av sexualundervisningen är bristfällig och att de anser att lärarens kompetens och lärarens förmåga att skapa en trygg miljö är viktig. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur elever upplever sin sexualundervisning i skolan samt om det finns skillnader i deras upplevelser utifrån olika kulturella bakgrunder. För att besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes och analyserades semistrukturerade intervjuer med gymnasieelever med en fenomenologisk ansats. Resultatet visar på att eleverna upplever att lärarna har svårigheter att skapa ett tryggt klassrumsklimat och att det läggs för lite tid på sexualitet, samtycke och relationer i grundskolan. I naturkunskapen på gymnasiet upplever eleverna att detta har förbättrats markant. Vidare anser eleverna att relationer och preventivmedel är av störst relevans för dem. Utifrån dessa resultat kan lärare förstå vad eleven upplever som viktigt och implementera detta i undervisningen inom sexualitet, samtycke och relationer.

 Bakgrund: De centrala begreppen definieras, där bland arbetsrelaterad stress och akutmottagning. Sjuksköterskors roll beskrivs där kärnkompetenserna personcentrerad vård och patientsäkerhet tas upp som centrala delar i yrkesutförandet. Konsekvenserna av stress och påverkan på sjuksköterskors kärnkompetenser tas upp som en tydlig risk.Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad stress på akutmottagningen. Metod: Litteraturstudien har en kvalitativ studiedesign med användandet av två databaser, Cinahl och Pubmed. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar användes till litteraturstudiens resultat. Dataanalysen är utförd genom kategorisering av meningsenheter som utmynnar i subkategorier samt huvudkategorier som svarar på litteraturstudiens syfte. Resultat: Litteraturstudiens resultat genererade i tre huvudkategorier; Organisatoriska faktorer som bidrar till arbetsrelaterad stress, Arbetsrelaterad stress påverkar omvårdnad negativt och Arbetsrelaterad stress påverkar på ett individuellt plan.Konklusion: Sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad stress upplevs påverka dess yrkesroll, äventyra patientsäkerheten samt påverka den personcentrerade omvårdnaden. Den upplevda arbetsrelaterade stressen har en stark koppling till ett organisatoriskt plan. 

The focus of this thesis was two major patient-reported outcomes: quality of life and jaw function. Different study designs were used to examine the prevalence, impact, and predictive factors of orofacial conditions, with a focus on temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and their effects on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The findings in the different parts of the thesis provide a comprehensive understanding of the burden these conditions reflect on individuals, particularly when they occur in combination. 

Orofacial conditions such as TMD, burning mouth syndrome (BMS), dry mouth, and bad breath were found to be prevalent in the Swedish adult population, with bad breath being the most commonly self-reported condition. Notably, individuals experiencing multiple conditions, which affected more than a quarter of the population surveyed, demonstrated significantly higher impairments in OHRQoL, illustrating the compounded negative effects of comorbid conditions. TMD and BMS, in particular, were associated with the most substantial impact on quality of life, emphasizing the difference between painful and non-painful conditions. 

Limitations in jaw function, another key focus, were generally low among the Swedish adult population. However, age and the presence of dental prostheses were identified as significant predictors of increased limitations. This highlights the importance of considering both demographic and dental factors when evaluating jaw function. The study also established normative values for jaw function, offering a benchmark for clinical assessment of orofacial dysfunction. A score of 28 or higher on the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale was found to have clinical significance. 

In terms of orofacial pain conditions, including TMD, odontogenic pain, oral mucosal pain, and pain following third molar extractions, were all found to have a moderate impact on the pain dimension of OHRQoL. The highest burden was observed in patients with pain after 3rd molar extraction, although all four pain conditions resulted in a notable reduction in quality of life. This standardized understanding of the pain-related impact on OHRQoL provides critical insight for clinicians managing patients with various orofacial pain syndromes. 

Longitudinal analysis of TMD patients revealed that the physical component of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over time is significantly predicted by baseline factors such as age, general health, and jaw function. Older age and poor general health were associated with worse physical HRQoL in painful TMD cases, whereas impaired jaw function was particularly relevant in non-painful TMD cases. Interestingly, no significant predictive factors were identified for the mental component of HRQoL, suggesting the need for further research into the psychological dimensions of TMD and other orofacial conditions. 

Overall, this thesis provides evidence that orofacial conditions, particularly TMD, have a significant and multidimensional impact on both oral and general quality of life. By integrating cross-sectional and longitudinal data, this work offers valuable insights into the epidemiology, functional consequences, and long-term predictors of quality of life in individuals with orofacial conditions. 

This thesis examines Croatia’s and Bulgaria’s experiences with eurozone integration, focusing on the challenges, progress, and potential lessons Bulgaria can draw from Croatia’s recent adoption of the euro in 2023. By analysing key indicators such as GDP, inflation rates, public opinion, and convergence criteria performance, this study compares the two countries to make an educated guess about the possible effects of euro adoption on Bulgaria. Croatia’s journey, marked by significant integration efforts and economic reforms, serves as a benchmark for understanding Bulgaria’s delayed path to eurozone membership. By using a unique combination of theories - path dependence theory and morphogenetic social theory, the thesis provides a structured framework for assessing historical, structural, and cultural influences on policy outcomes. The findings indicate both similarities and differences in the two countries’ trajectories, underscoring Bulgaria’s need to address inflation, legislative compliance, and public scepticism to achieve a smoother transition to the eurozone. This comparative analysis strives to offer important insights for policymakers and stakeholders in order to ensure Bulgaria’s eurozone accession maximizes potential benefits while also avoiding risks.

Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka den bild av USA som engelsklärare på gymnasienivå förmedlar i sin undervisning. Omvärldskunskaper är något som förväntas vara en del av engelskundervisningen, men specifika krav framträder inte, varför det blir värdefullt att undersöka hur lärare resonerar kring detta. Undersökningen är en kvalitativ diskursanalys och sex intervjuer av engelsklärare på gymnasienivå utgör empirin. I analysen undersöks USA som ett land i behov av lärarens nyanserande perspektiv. Även den amerikanska rasismens historia och följdverkningar in i modern tid, samt landets socioekonomiska klyftor behandlas utifrån lärarnas resonemang kring dessa ämnen. Slutligen undersöks USA som ett geografiskt och kulturellt expanderande land. Vad som framträder är en huvudsakligen kritisk berättelse om USA som ställs upp som ett nyanserande alternativ till den bild av USA som förmedlas till eleverna genom media på deras fritid. Detta ligger, med viss avvikelse, i linje med vad den tidigare forskning som har gått att hitta säger om bilden av USA i svensk undervisning under 1900-talet.

Oor, Sara och Rahm, Evelina (2024). Språkutveckling i fokus. Hur specialpedagogik kan stötta lärares språk- och kommunikations utvecklande arbete. Specialpedagogprogrammet, Institutionen för skolutveckling och ledarskap, Lärande och samhälle, Malmö universitet, 90 hp.

Grunden till denna studie är en nyfikenhet om hur vi som specialpedagoger med profil språk- och kommunikationsutveckling samt förskolebakgrund kan bidra i det språkutvecklande arbetet i förskoleklass och grundskolans tidigare år. Studiens syfte är att bidra med kunskap om hur lärare, specialpedagoger och en logoped resonerar kring barns språk- och kommunikationsutveckling men även det språkutvecklande arbetet i relation till språklig och pedagogisk sårbarhet. Utifrån syftet har följande frågeställningar formulerats, vilka samtliga ställs i relation till språklig och pedagogisk sårbarhet.

• Vilken kunskap har studiens deltagare om barns språk- och kommunikationsutveckling samt språkutvecklande arbete?

• Hur beskriver studiens deltagare sitt arbete med barns språk- och kommunikationsutveckling samt språkutvecklande arbete?

• Hur upplever studiens deltagare specialpedagogens arbete och funktion vad gäller barns språk- och kommunikationsutveckling samt språkutvecklande arbete?

Som teoretisk förankring har sociokulturell teori använts tillsammans med Cummins (2017) fyrfältare och Nilholms (2020) specialpedagogiska perspektiv. För att uppnå syftet och behandla frågeställningarna har semistrukturerade intervjuer och gruppintervjuer genomförts. Tidigare forskning bekräftar vikten av en medveten utformad undervisning som är språkligt tillgänglig och som präglas av samspel och kommunikation för att minska risken för elever att hamna i språklig sårbarhet. Det framhålls att tidiga specialpedagogiska insatser vad gäller barns språk- och kommunikationsutveckling främjar en lyckad skolframgång. Resultatet i denna studie visar att det finns kunskap om barns språk- och kommunikationsutveckling i skolans värld, det framkommer dock att den skiljer sig åt beroende på profession och verksamhet. Skillnaden visar sig utifrån vilket språkutvecklande förhållningssätt som lärarna har, det vill säga om de endast ser på språkutveckling utifrån lärande och undervisningskontext eller ur ett helhetsperspektiv som genomsyrar hela skoldagen och i alla samtal med elever. Studien breddar synen på hur den specialpedagogiska kompetensen kan användas i skolans lägre årskurser. Resultatet indikerar på att en specialpedagog, med profil språk- och kommunikationsutveckling, samt bakgrund som förskollärare, med fördel kan vara en del av och bidra i det språkutvecklande arbetet i förskoleklass och grundskolans tidigare år. Vikten av att se på elevers språkutveckling genom hela skolgången lyfts fram som viktig. Specialpedagogens funktion i det arbetet kan vara att agera som samtalspartner och bidra med kompetensutveckling genom exempelvis handledning.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur lärare förhåller sig till undervisning om Israel-Palestinakonflikten. Andra intresseområden rör lärares uppfattningar och erfarenheter av kontroversiella frågor, deras förhållningssätt till neutralitet samt vilka utmaningar respektive möjligheter de upplever i samband med undervisning om Israel-Palestina. För att besvara forskningsfrågorna har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med fem gymnasielärare med samhällsorienterade ämnen som är verksamma i Malmö. Materialet har analyserats utifrån Diana Hess och Itzak Pollaks sex förhållningssätt som lärare kan inta vid undervisning om kontroversiella frågor. Resultatet visar att de utmaningar som informanterna ger uttryck för speglar de som återfinns i den tidigare forskningen, exempelvis att frågan väcker starka känslor och en upplevd tidsbrist. Trots utmaningarna känner en majoritet av informanterna sig bekväma med att undervisa om konflikten. Vidare har fem möjligheter med undervisning om Israel-Palestinakonflikten identifierats: kunskapsutvecklande möjligheter, engagerande möjligheter, relationsbyggande möjligheter, diskussionsfrämjande möjligheter och möjligheter att lära sig av historien. Avslutningsvis visar resultatet att en av lärarna intar ett förnekande förhållningssätt, en annan ett akademiserat förhållningssätt. Ingen intar ett gynnande, undvikande eller kringgående förhållningssätt, medan samtliga intar ett balanserat förhållningssätt. 

As vertical Europeanization increasingly moves towards a Union in which boundaries give way to citizenship made more readily interchangeable, it has simultaneously strengthened the desire for demarcation through locality. In Flanders, calls for regional identification have in recent years gotten louder most obviously in the outcomes of the regional and federal election rounds 2019 and 2024. The creation of cultural symbols to make more concrete Flemish identity has as follows shown incremental measures taken in a long-term blueprint to the region’s autonomy.  Similar to broader movements of regionalization and nationalism throughout the continent, culture refers to heritage or gastronomy and is used as a means of attracting tourism across the region. This study investigates the institutionalization of Flanders through one of the regionalist projects issued by the Flemish Ministry of Tourism. Adopting a critical hermeneutics approach, the project Flemish Masters in Situ is assessed for its contribution of projectification towards regional institutionalization, that is the creation of a regional Flemish identity as its own entity. While noted inconsistent on some of its own pointers, the project remains nonetheless aligned with the Ministry’s piecemeal approach to demarcating Flanders through promoting the Flemish identity. Its re-introduction additionally necessitates structural changes as well as a conceptual foundation within the Ministry of Tourism, highlighting the interplay between institutional evolution and cultural identity formation. Additionally, as subtle defiance of acknowledging a collective European heritage, the project omits the impact of Europeanization throughout history, which has shaped these cultural pieces through shared history and influence with other European countries. Ultimately, the project exemplifies how regionalist initiatives adopted by institutions contribute to fostering a cohesive and recognizable Flemish identity as a counterforce to a Europeanized backdrop.

Background: It has been repeatedly noted in research that nurses experience the topic sexuality is difficult to practically work with, while patients are asking that the subject be addressed in health care settings.

Objective: To investigate the experiences that nurses have to talk about sexuality with patients, the extent to which it is made, what tools in question is available to work and how nurses perceive situations where sexuality is mentioned in healthcare work, and how they look at these in relation to social norms of sexuality. I also want to identify the factors that govern the work and role of the organization and other context, when it comes to the nurse profession.

Method: Qualitative method where data collection occurs by semi structured interviews, eight interviews with nurses operating in primary healthcare were performed.

Results and analysis: The experience of conversations about patients' sexuality was limited and in most cases where it was raised, it was initiated by the patient and treated as a medical problem. It was lacking in most cases an elaborate strategy to work with patients' sexual health in the workplace, and the conversation was therefore not as natural as other health issues. The concept of measurability is attributed to the nurse and enables operations to be reported in measurable results, this conflicts with the concept of person-centered care, which instead should let the patient needs and wants control the health care design. Ruling discourses at work was that the topic sexuality was toned down. Care programs increased the chance of a conversation about sexual health was taking place. Societal norms that elderly people and/or people whit diseases are not seen as sexual beings made the conversation less frequent in this group.

Conclusion: In order to implement the topic of sexual health in the operations, investments from supervisors at the organizational level is needed. Clear guidelines and care program shows good results in cases where there exists, and asked for in workplaces where they do not exist.

Abstract 

The purpose of this study is to examine how residents of Rosengård percieve their neighborhood and how they view its portrayal in the media. The study focuses on the resident's own perspectives, how these are influenced by the media's depiction, and which aspects they believe are missing in the media's descriptions. A qualitative method was used, with semi-structured interviews conducted to collect data from residents. The material was analyzed thematically to identify patterns and themes in their stories. 

The findings show that Rosengård is characterized by strong community bonds and cultural diversity, but these positive aspects are rarely highlighted in the media. Instead, the media often focuses on crime and social issues, which contributes to stigmatization and reinforces segregation. Respondents expressed frustration with this one-sided portrayal and called for a fairer representation. The study connects these results to theories of stigma, labelling and discourse, as well as previous research on housing segregation and the media's role in creating stereotypes. This study highlights how negative media portrayal affect resident's self-image and their view of society, emphasizing the importance of including resident's voices in media reporting. Further research could explore how other areas from the Swedish Million Programme are portrayed in the media to determine if they face the same challenges as Rosengård. It could also be interesting to compare traditional media with digital platforms. 

Abstrakt

Syftet med studien var att synliggöra hur samspelet av det analoga och det digitala skrivandet ser ut i dagens undervisning. Vidare ämnar studien ge förslag på undervisningens utformning för att förbereda elever inför det "digiloga" skrivandet i framtiden. Studien bidrar med en fördjupad inblick i verksamma lärares didaktiska val som avgör det tillämpade skrivsättet i olika undervisningsmoment samt hur de anser att det påverkar elevers skrivutveckling.

Jag använde mig av en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer för insamling av data. Fyra intervjuer genomfördes muntligt i form av parintervju och sex intervjuer genomfördes skriftligt i enskild form. Jag utgick ifrån en tematisk analysmetod vid dataanalys och använde den sociokulturella teorin som teoretisk utgångspunkt.

Resultatet i studien visar på att verksamma lärares tillvägagångssätt skiljer sig starkt i kombination av det analoga och det digitala skrivandet. Tydligt blev att lärares didaktiska val bör vara ändamålsinriktade i avseende till valda skrivsätt. Lärare tenderar att välja det digitala skrivandet för produktion av längre texter och det analoga skrivandet för stödmallar, utkastskrivning och för anteckningsförandet. Respondenterna betonar vikten av en balanserad kombination av arbetssätten i förebyggande syfte för att minska distraktion och förebygga försämrade finmotoriska färdigheter. 

Slutsatserna jag kom fram till var att lärares egen syn gällande skrivsättens relevans väger tyngst i tillämpning av det analoga och digitala skrivandet i undervisningen. Detta kräver ett didaktiskt utvecklingsarbete. Lärarens förandrade pedagogik skapar möjligheter eller hinder för en kombinerad undervisning där såväl det analoga som det digitala ingår. 

Background: Involuntary loneliness is a common problem among many older persons. The consequences of involuntary loneliness include reduced perceived quality of life, increased risk of early death, somatic symptoms such as increased blood pressure and increased risk of heart disease. The proportion of older persons in Sweden will increase to just over 24% in 2040. The risk of suffering from health problems increases in connection with natural aging, which leads to increased contact with health care. Within elderly care, the nurse's role can primarily be characterized as the main coordinating force. The nurse's ability to identify involuntary loneliness in the elderly patient is therefore of great importance. Purpose: To compile nurses’ experiences of involuntary loneliness in older persons in elderly care. Method: A literature study based on 14 articles with a qualitative approach was analyzed with thematic content analysis. Results: Nurses’ experiences are presented through 4 main categories; Perceptions of involuntary loneliness, obstacles in the work against involuntary loneliness, the influence of relationships on involuntary loneliness and measures against involuntary loneliness. The main categories were divided into eight subcategories; origins of involuntary loneliness, consequences of involuntary loneliness, expressions of involuntary loneliness, feelings of insecurity, feelings of inadequacy and emotional distancing, organisational obstacles for breaking involuntary loneliness, doing for and doing with. Conclusion: Nurses regard involuntary loneliness as a central nursing problem that should have a clearer priority. Factors such as environment, the importance of seeing the individual and creating a mutual relationship are highlighted. These factors are identified as central to the care of the older individual and essential in addressing involuntary loneliness.

The dissertation aims to explore the conditions that fosters change in the teaching approach to friluftsliv in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE). These conditions pertain to how teaching to teach friluftsliv can be improved to better support students in teaching friluftsliv in their future professional work as physical education (PE) teachers in schools. The study utilizes action research and the Theory of Practice Architectures (TPA) to enhance friluftsliv teaching in PETE. Conducted from 2020 to 2022, the action research project generated empirical data from focus group discussions, a research diary, and notes taken during teaching sessions and workshops, all aimed at fostering conversations about friluftsliv teaching in diverse outdoor settings. The action research process focuses on dialogue and reflection to drive change based on participants' insights.

The theory of practice architectures offers a framework to understand practices through their sayings, doings, and relatings within social contexts, examining the cultural-discursive, material-economic, and social-political arrangements that shape practices. The concept of ecology of practices places the local improvement project in a broader context.

Key findings emphasize the importance of time, trust, and ethical considerations in facilitating project engagement and development. The project fostered reflective practices among teacher educators, leading to deeper didactic understanding and revitalizing the integration of local environments into teaching. The study identifies six key arrangements that shape the practice architecture of friluftsliv, with reflective practice and communicative spaces being particularly influential.

This dissertation concludes that local conditions for friluftsliv should play a more significant role in the educational content of PETE. It emphasizes the need to highlight both general aspects of friluftsliv and local conditions to transform the subject into a heterogeneous school practice. Experiences in, about, and through friluftsliv can support students in making informed didactic choices as future teachers. Creating a supportive learning environment where future teachers can grow personally and professionally is crucial. Teacher educators are pivotal in this process, fostering critical reflection on what it means to teach friluftsliv. The study shows that even if arrangements in friluftsliv practice architecture cannot be changed, itis movable and there are ways to create room for action and drive improvement in teaching. The dissertation contributes to understanding how development work can be implemented in teacher education and highlights the importance of critically examining teaching practices. The study calls for continued efforts in development work and discussions on teaching friluftsliv, especially in the context of urbanization and digitalization, where well-trained teachers are essential for fostering interest in nature-based learning.

Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende är ett komplext fenomen som kräver att sjuksköterskor har gedigen kunskap för att kunna ge god omvårdnad. Eftersom dessa patienter finns inom alla delar av vården är det viktigt att sjuksköterskor, oavsett arbetsplats, är väl förberedda för att möta deras behov.

Syfte: Litteraturstudiens syfte var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av omvårdnad till patienter med självskadebeteende. 

Metod: Litteraturstudien hade en kvalitativ ansats och sökningen efter empiriska studier genomfördes i databaserna Cinahl, PsycInfo och PubMed. Tio artiklar valdes ut. Artiklarna granskades med hjälp av SBU:s granskningsmall för att säkerställa kvalitet. Analysen genomfördes med stöd av Popenoes guide för dataanalys.

Resultat: Analysen resulterade i identifieringen av teman som omfattade flera viktiga områden. Studiens huvudteman är: Strukturella och organisatoriska utmaningar, Känslomässiga utmaningar samt Empati, delaktighet och utbildning.

Konklusion/slutsats: Sjuksköterskor möter flera utmaningar i vården av patienter med självskadebeteende. Systematiska och organisatoriska hinder, otillräcklig utbildning, känslomässiga påfrestningar och begränsat med kollegialt stöd påverkar sjuksköterskans möjligheter att ge god omvårdnad och möta patientens unika behov.

Background: Self-harm behavior is defined as deliberate harm to one's own body without suicidal intent and often co-occurs with psychiatric diagnoses such as post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder. For nurses, caring for these patients can be challenging, with the approach to care playing a crucial role. Aim: The aim of the study was to highlight nurses' experiences of caring for patients with self-harm behavior. Method: A qualitative literature review based on ten scientific articles retrieved from the Cinahl and Psychinfo databases. The articles were quality-assessed using the SBU quality assessment tool and analyzed based on Popenoe (2021). Results: The results are presented based on two categories and five subcategories. The two categories are: The experience of increased need for knowledgeand Factors influencing the care of patients with self-harm. The five subcategories are: Uncertainty and lack of competence, Lack of education, The importance of care relationships, Person-centered care and Work environment. Conclusion: Nurses perceive caring for patients with self-harm behavior as complex and demanding. Improving care requires more education, support, and resources. By addressing nurses’ needs, the approach to care can be transformed, ultimately benefiting the patient’s recovery.

This study examines whether, and if so how, a language-developmental approach in teaching can contribute to the integration of multilingual students in schools, and how their second language, Swedish, can be developed more effectively by using this approach. 

By conducting observations and interviews, the aim is to gain deeper insights into how educators working at a primary school employ language-developmental strategy in the subject of Swedish at the intermediate level (grades 4–6). This could lead to a better understanding of how students with a first language other than Swedish—as well as both multilingual and monolingual Swedish-speaking students—can benefit from the methods within language-developmental approaches. An additional question addresses whether a language-developmental approach can bridge language barriers between students and thereby enhance the integration of newly arrived or multilingual students in schools. While language-developmental methods are employed by teachers in many schools, the practical application of these methods with different student groups can vary. Therefore, a specific school was selected as an example to illustrate how language development can be facilitated in an educational setting.

Background: Each year 190 of 100 000 persons suffer from breast cancer, where mastectomy is the main form of treatment. Mastectomy means that the whole breast gets removed with surgical interventions. This leads to a permanent change on the body for women that have undergone mastectomy and can affect the breast  function and view on intimacy. The main symptom of breast cancer is a lump on  the breast. Through information and education from the nurse the care during a  mastectomy can be facilitated. To be able to support the patients and provide good care after undergoing mastectomy requires the nurse to have knowledge and  understanding about women's experience of the surgical procedure. Aim: The  study aims to describe women's experiences after mastectomy due to breast  cancer. Method: The litterateur study was based on twelve qualitative articles  obtained from the databases Cinahl and Pubmed. The articles were quality assessed by a model from the state’s preparation for medical and social evaluation  and was analysed according to the chosen method. Results: Four categories were identified. The first category was Feelings of loss with the associated  subcategories; loss of the breast and loss of femininity. The second category was  The changed body with the associated subcategories; changed body image and  changed intimacy. The third category was The meaning of support with the  associated subcategories; support from family, support from health care and  support from religion. The fourth and last category was Life that continues with  the associated subcategories changed clothing and hopefulness. Conclusion: The  results of this literature study emerged into several experiences that affect women  after undergoing mastectomy. The main experience was feelings of loss, changes in body image and changed intimacy. Through increased understanding and  knowledge the undergraduate nurse can improve the nursing care for the specific patient group. 

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the scientific evidence for No-prepporcelain veneers (PLVs) and traditional porcelain veneers, regarding survival rates andsuccess rates. Thus, the factors that influence the outcome of the treatment with the twotypes of PLVs would be identified.

Material and Methods: An electronic literature search was performed in threedatabases and was last updated in November 2022. Data were collected from threedatabases and articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Eligibilitycriteria included clinical studies of patients who have been treated with PLVs, studyresults that include survival and/or success rate and a follow-up period of minimum oneyear.

Results: The database search resulted in 1574 studies. After removal of duplicates andcareful examination of titles, abstracts and texts, two articles on No-prep PLVs and 29articles on traditional PLVs was resulted. It is not possible to achieve scientificstatements about No-prep PLVs, due to the lack of available scientific and clinical data.For traditional PLVs, the majority of studies have shown survival rates of over 90% at20 years follow-up. In total, 11 factors influencing the survival of PLV have beenidentified in this review, which have been divided into procedural and patient-relatedfactors.

Conclusions: It is not possible to reach scientific statements about No-prep PLVs, dueto the lack of available scientific and clinical data. Further controlled clinical research isrequired to investigate the clinical efficacy and long-term outcomes of No-prep PLVs.This suggests that the claimed evidence for No-prep PLVs is anecdotal.

The following study examines Swedish teachers' attitudes towards gifted students andtheir views on teaching methods often recommended for this group of students, such asacceleration, differentiation, and ability grouping. The objective is to map teachers’attitudes towards these students and also whether their perceptions of effective teachingstrategies align with current research. The study's theoretical framework is based on thesociocultural perspective, focusing on the zone of proximal development (ZPD), as wellas on a democratic perspective. This study employs a mixed methods design, including aquantitative questionnaire survey and qualitative follow-up interviews to answer theresearch questions. The participants are elementary-, middle- and junior high schoolteachers as well as one upper secondary teacher. The findings suggest that teachersgenerally have a positive view of gifted students but are more ambivalent towards abilitygrouping and acceleration. Differentiated instruction, on the other hand, is seen as themost advantageous and applicable method, although teachers express concerns abouttime constraints and limited resources. Lastly, the study discusses the importance ofprofessional development for teachers and systematic support to meet the needs of giftedstudents.

Under utbildningen har mitt intresse ökat för skapande undervisning på fritidshemmet. I syftestexten i ”Läroplanen för grundskolan samt förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet” står det: (2022 s. 25–28).”Undervisningen syftar till att främja elevernas fantasi och förmåga att lära tillsammans med andra genom lek, rörelse och skapande genom estetiska uttrycksformer samt med utforskande och praktiska arbetssätt”. (ibid., s. 25)”Undervisningen i fritidshemmet ska stimulera elevernas utveckling och lärande samt erbjuda eleverna en meningsfull fritid”. (ibid., s. 25)Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilken skapande undervisning pedagogerna erbjuder eleverna och hur de upplever den på ett fritidshem. Ett annat syfte är vilka möjligheter och begränsningar det finns för elever och pedagoger som kopplas till den skapande undervisningen. Av anonymitetsskäl har fritidshemmet där studien genomfördes döpts om till Diamantens fritidshem. Vid de tillfällen då studien genomfördes på Diamantens fritidshem, ansvarade jag för passet av skapande undervisning. Det sociokulturella perspektivet och Deweys uttryck ”Learning by doing” (ibid., s. 264) från pragmatismen, är de teoretiska perspektiven som tolkas i den insamlade empirin. Resultatet visade att elevernas upplevelse av den skapande undervisning varierade utifrån deras intressen, men samtidigt kom det fram att skapande med olika material var kul. Pedagogerna berättade att de numera kunde anpassa lärmiljöer, utifrån elevernas intresse vilket inneburit att erbjudande inom skapande och estetiska uttrycksformer blivit enormt och brett för eleverna. Då forskningen på fritidshem inte finns att tillgå i större utsträckning, (Augustsson, 2018, s. 10) känns det relevant att genomföra en studie inom ett specifikt område.Nyckelord: lärmiljöer,

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the design field with increased knowledge on how to leverage the emotional design perspective whendesigning for a future scenario set in Copenhagen in the year 2050. The research question is: How can product design, through emotional and speculativedesign, be used to create sustainable and multifunctional furniture tailored to the needs of future young adults in Copenhagen in 2050? The product chosenas the starting point is IKEA’s stool “KYRRE.” Through desk research, an analysis of the product’s current design was created. A professionally developedfuture scenario for Copenhagen as a “15-minute city” in 2050 was then used as the basis for redesigning the “KYRRE” stool to meet the needs of future youngadults. These new needs were utilized during idea generation and sketch development. A prototype was developed for testing in role-playing sessions whereparticipants were briefed on the future scenario. The final design proposal, inspired by IKEA’s “KYRRE” stool, satisfies the emotional, functional, and cognitive

needs of a future urban lifestyle, focusing on sustainability, minimalism, and meaningful ownership. The stool is foldable, portable, and designed with attacha-ble and detachable personal patches that function as digital keys, stimulating deeper social interaction. The stool becomes more than just furniture, it fosters

social connections, self-expression, and sustainability, creating a stronger emotional bond with the stool. To design relevant products for a future sustainableand minimalistic society, greater emphasis should be placed on emotional needs. Embedded technology can be a cost-effective way to achieve this.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in sustained focus, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Body doubling is one of the coping strategies used by individuals with ADHD to tackle difficulty with task initiation and performance. Body doubling is working alongside others to increase motivation and leverage accountability. 

This thesis explores how Interaction Design can support management of ADHD paralysis leveraging technology to simulate body doubling. Usage of such methods as interviews, workshops, and the Wizard of Oz prototyping technique resulted in the development of a low-fidelity prototype of an AI chatbot designed to facilitate body doubling interactions.

The findings highlight the potential of digital tools to address ADHD-related challenges, with a particular focus on individuals with social anxiety of limited access to traditional body doubling setups. 

The research emphasized the importance of integration of lived experiences,  participatory design principles, inclusivity and personalization in designing assistive technology. Future work will focus on the development of a high-fidelity prototype and adding a variety of possible scenarios AI chatbot can interact in. 

Mau Reads är ett initiativ vid Malmö universitet som syftar till att främja rekreativt läsande bland studenter genom bokcirklar och författarsamtal. Initiativet, som genomförs av universitetsbiblioteket i samarbete med Kultursamverkan, erbjuder frivilliga och prestationsfria möten för diskussioner om litteratur. Det fokuserar på att stärka läsvanan hos studenter, och kopplar skönlitterärt läsande till akademisk framgång och känslan av tillhörighet. Genom bokcirklarna skapas sociala mötesplatser för studenter från olika utbildningar och discipliner. De bidrar på så sätt till att stärka bibliotekets roll som social infrastruktur på universitetet.

The study presents findings from a dissertation study focusing on argumentative texts within the framework of the teaching-learning cycle (cirkelmodellen). The study contributes knowledge about adult second language learners' work with argumentative texts, and was conducted as an action research project on basic adult education. The target group is underrepresented in writing pedagogic research. The aim is to investigate the role and supportive potential of metalanguage in writing instruction for adult second-language learners. The goal of the instruction was to provide students with more linguistic tools to write argumentative texts.

The study's theoretical framework is based on Halliday's systemic functional linguistics and Bernstein's sociological theories of education. With a strong emphasis on words and content to enable students to argue and elaborate on their arguments, as well as linguistic resources for convincing argumentation, the instruction included a key element of collaboratively deconstructing texts.

The study demonstrates that genre-based pedagogical approaches offer opportunities to make visible the discursive rules for writing in different genres and can contribute to strongly framed and supportive writing instruction.

Många fritidshem upplever en känsla av otillräcklighet, då fritidshemsläraren inte hinner se och bemöta varje elevs individuella behov. Elever med NPF-diagnos (Neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar, såsom adhd, autism, Tourettes syndrom och språkstörning) får inte den tid och utrymme hen behöver på fritidshemmet. Då denna känsla upplevs så kommer denna studies syfte vara att undersöka vilka kunskaper fritidshemsläraren, som är anställd i fritidshem, upplever att de har om elever med NPF-diagnos. Studien gör avstamp i tre olika frågeställningar där kunskaper, meningsfullhet och förutsättningar har fokus. Empirin har samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex fritidshemslärare från tre olika skolor i en kommun i södra Sverige. Studiens teoretiska perspektiv baseras på det sociokulturella perspektivet och det specialpedagogiska perspektivet. Studiens resultat visade att informanternas kunskaper om elever med NPF-diagnos kommer av att de har lång arbetslivserfarenhet och att de får kontinuerlig fortbildning. Meningsfullhet på fritidshemmet upplevs om eleverna får vara delaktiga vid val av aktivitet, och det spelar ingen roll om eleven har NPF-diagnos eller inte. Det framkommer också att fritidshemsläraren upplever att elevgrupperna på fritidshemmet är stora och att personaltätheten är låg.

Eating Cultures in Children’s Literature – National, International and Transnational Perspectives investigates how the child is positioned as the consumer/eater of cultural food. It also highlights some ingredients that are to be found on more than one national menu, so to speak. We interrogate what it means to serve a “cultural meal” to a young person, identifying the discourses that are inscribed in the recipe. By analyzing authorial or translational choices, the different chapters explore the thematic and ideological roots of the stories that authors, illustrators and translators offer their young readers. The essays in this collection are organized around three themes in children’s cultural and literary texts about food and eating. In the first section, the political dimensions of food narratives are explored. Food’s power to define “us” versus “them” is key to understanding food narratives in their national and political contexts. The second part is dedicated to inter/national and transnational nightmares, specifically narratives addressing the supreme threat lurking in young people’s literature: being eaten. Finally, the collection features a section on food fantasies in young people’s narratives, and addresses the disconcerting capability of food to transform, translate, transcend and become abundantly surreal, without ever losing the power to marvel and satiate, even when it conveys complex concepts and ideas.

Aim: To identify existing public knowledge regarding diabetes and diabetes-related services offered to persons living with diabetes in the City of Malmö.

Methods: A literature review of City of Malmö’s website, public statistics, School health documentation, job databases, education programs, local newspaper, Swedish National Diabetes Register, and PubMed was performed in 2020.

Results: We identified political decisions about diabetes nurses in home care, financing a project about diabetes complications, and funding support in schools for designated children. Schools had no registrations of diagnoses. Diabetes was common among pregnant women. The local newspaper discussed children and older people with diabetes asking for increased support. Job listings did not require diabetes-relevant competencies. Curricula for nursing assistants did not mention diabetes. National Diabetes Register reported 16,658 persons in Malmö. Three articles were identified in PubMed.

Conclusion: Public documents in Malmö did not mention diabetes despite being responsible for caring for persons with diabetes.

Occlusal tactile acuity (OTA) and bite force are essential components of the sensorimotor control of oral behaviors. While these variables have been studied independently, it has not yet been revealed whethercompressive force impacts the occlusal perception mediated by the mechanoreceptive afferents in the periodontal ligament. The present study examined the effect of repetition and maximum bite force on OTA by testingnine aluminum foils of different thicknesses together with a sham test with no foil, three times each, in randomized order in 36 healthy individuals. In addition, the 40 μm foil was tested three more times at the start ofeach session to evaluate possible short-term effects. This test session was repeated with and without an interspersed maximum bite force task in between. The results demonstrated that repeated measurements increasedOTA significantly (p = 0.033); a change mainly driven by the 40 μm thickness, whereas maximum bite force testsdid not affect OTA (p = 0.097). Collectively, the results suggest that the enhanced OTA may be attributed torepetition-mediated learning and neuroplasticity within the pathways related to OTA. Furthermore, thecompressive bite force may have induced a short-term change that lasted seconds and was not detected by thesubsequent OTA measurements or may have altogether inhibited the facilitatory effect of repeated OTA. Thisunderscores the potential for future research to explore the implications of compressive force and pain on OTA inpatient populations, which could provide valuable insights into the adaptive mechanisms of the sensorimotorsystem in pathological conditions.

This study explores commercials from brands in the beauty industry, Chanel and Sephora, and analyzing how they represent femininity, masculinity and diversity. Using a social semiotic method, the study examines how the selection of commercial films employs elements as symbols, myths, stereotypes and design to create culture meaning and shape identities. The focus is on how the perfume ads for Chanel N°5 and Bleu de Chanel relate to traditional gender roles, while Sephora’s ad challenges the norms by promoting diversity and inclusion. The selected commercials links to theories of stereotypes, gender, power and representation to illustrate the ideological and cultural messages the brands mediate to their audiences. By analysing the visual and linguistic elements in the commercials, the study identifies how these are used as tools that can either strengthen and/or challenge norms.

Abosultan, A, Gumus, N. Patienters upplevelse av vardagliga utmaningar av attleva med diabetes mellitus typ 2. En litteraturstudie. Examensarbete inomomvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö universitet: Fakultet för hälsa ochsamhälle, institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2025.

Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är ett av de vanligaste i Sverige och världenöver. Det beräknas att fem procent av den svenska befolkningen lider av diabetes,varav 90% lider av diabetes typ 2. Vid diagnostik förväntas patienterna attimplementera flera livsstilsförändringar för att hålla kontroll på sin, då kunskapoch information om egenvård ligger till grund för en välfungerande vardag. Syfte:Litteraturstudiens syfte var att undersöka patienters upplevelse av vardagligautmaningar av att leva med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: Litteraturstudienbaserades på tio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ insats. Artiklarna hittadesvia två omvårdnadsinriktade databaser; PubMed och CINAHL. De utvaldaartiklarna genomgick en kvalitetsgranskning utifrån SBU:s granskningsmall.Artiklarna analyserades och framställdes via en dataanalys Popenoe. Resultat:Utifrån artikelanalysen identifierades tre huvudrubriker och sex underrubriker.Huvudrubrikerna var: Upplevelsen av ATT VARA STIGMATISERAD ISAMHÄLLET stigman, det vardagliga behovet och vikten av kunskap ochegenvård. Konklusion: Resultatet av litteraturstudien identifierade att diabetesmellitus typ 2 orsakade flera hinder som visade sig påverka flera aspekter avpatientens vardagliga liv. För att sjuksköterskan ska förbättra omvårdnaden ochkunna bemöta patientens behov är det av vikt att öka den grundläggandeförståelsen och kunskapen på de utmaningar som uppstår utifrån patientensperspektiv.

Nyckelord: Diabetes typ 2, Litteraturstudie, Patienter, Upplevelser, Vardagligautmaningar

This thesis project explores how interaction design can assist in preserving and making accessible the cultural heritage of theatre in Skåne, by collaborating with Teatermuseet in Malmö. The research seeks to answer how the collection of posters belonging to the museum can be made more accessible to a wider audience and how creativity can be used as an accelerator for designing immersive digital-tangible concepts for archiving. This is done by examining the evolving landscape of the sector of Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums, the challenges and opportunities presented by digital archiving, and the role of immersive environments in facilitating visitor interaction with collections. Drawing on art-based methodologies, the project proposes the use of artistic autoethnography and cultural probes to help understand the subjective encounter with archival material and gain insights into creative processes, in turn creating generous interfaces for the exhibition of digital archiving. The project proposes a model for digitizing the poster archive of Teatermuseet in Malmö, taking into account embodied interaction and embodied creativity and considerations of spatial, performative, and material design qualities, aiming to facilitate creative use of the material - in ways that allow for continuous iterations to happen as the material is exhibited.

This thesis explores methods of co-design between designer and informal caregivers of disabled or chronically ill children in the design of a tool for the prevention and reduction of caregiver burden. Concluding that a platform based on the centralisation of healthcare (a factor previously unaccounted for), ease of communication between all parties (family members, healthcare providers, etc.) and task management is the most effective tool for caregivers to monitor their and the care recipient's health. Following established design parameters, from co-design dialogues, a visual prototype was designed as a platform/tool for collective effort and shared coordination that incentivises informed and enthusiastic commitment.

The aim of this study is to describe how and when during the course of my teaching the students develop their mathematical thinking and reasoning. The study will focus on whether or not the students can account for the development of their own abilities in mathematical reasoning and thinking. Through a selection of mathematical Activities we have done, the study will focus on the learning outcomes for the students by using qualitative methods with interviews. The main group of students studied in this project has been the pre-IB class at Åva Gymnasium during the academic year 2012/2013. There is also a smaller group of students who are enrolled in the Mathematical Studies or the Standard Level Mathematics course. There were a total of nine in-terviews with the students in pre-IB and three interviews with the students in their second IB Di-ploma Programme year.

The results reveal that the students think that all of the Activities were good, but that there are no outstanding tasks. These tasks helped to create diversity and variation instead of monotonous routine work. The students in IB2 mean that they were better motivated by working with the Ac-tivities, because the tasks let the students succeed and feel satisfied with themselves, to recognize their own mathematical capabilities and to help them think, reflect and gain more mathematical knowledge. The students in the pre-IB year didn’t fully comprehend the mathematical Activities used during their first year and they could not yet express their reflections on their learning. Homework assignments and tests were also important for students’ learning. Many students learned a lot from the discussions we had during the Activities.

It takes time to develop the students’ mathematical thinking and reasoning. It is a gradual process which is helped immensely by working with well-chosen mathematical Activities on a long term basis. The students must learn to dare to take on a challenge and be responsible for their learning. As a teacher, I must dare to work with tasks where I can’t predict what will happen, and I need to listen to the students’ reasoning and thinking. All three students in IB2 had changed their attitude to mathematics completely, and recognized their own mathematical capability.

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