To create a barrier between indoor and outdoor temperatures and secure goods in industrial facilities, Assa Abloy’s industrial doors are used. In the lifting mechanism of such a door, the gearbox is a key component used to optimize the power of an electric motor to a sprocket. Research has shown that the gearbox was responsible for a low efficiency of the entire system. The gearbox contains a worm gear, which consists of a worm screw and a worm wheel that optimize the values with a gear ratio. The purpose of this work is to solve the problem caused by the current gearbox. The goal is to develop a new gearbox with high efficiency. The work also presents the EU’s guidelines as a guide for a more sustainable development process. The work focuses solely on the key components of a gearbox where economic factors were not decisive. To achieve a suitable alternative, scientific methods were used, where four alternatives were developed, compared, and evaluated. The result was a gearbox with high efficiency that was suitable for implementation in the existing system. The gearbox was called Konisk-rak-kuggsväxel. It was designed to achieve the desired gear ratio and transfer of power between the motor and the sprocket. The construction of the gearbox was divided into two stages to achieve the desired gear ratio. The first stage consisted of a pair of bevel gears, while the second stage consisted of a pair of spur gears. The shafts were designed with precision to ensure the correct transfer of rotation between the various components of the gear box. The choice of bearings and seals was based on the different movements, speeds, and forces acting on the shafts and gears. Finally, a housing was designed, which was divided into two separate parts, the house and the cover. All joints used in the gearbox were carefully selected for easy disassembly. This was in line with the EU’s guidelines regarding recycling, reuse, and reparability. Recommendations for further work include investigating the durability of the material and the possibility of making changes to the material and size to implement the gearbox in other systems.

Climate change represents one of the greatest challenges of our time, affecting usthrough increased precipitation, drought, storms, and other natural disasters. Theconstruction industry plays a central role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions andpromoting sustainable development. Currently, there is limited research on the effectsof applying BREEAM certification to industrial buildings. These buildings often havelarge internal volumes and thin building elements, leading to high energyconsumption for heating and cooling.The aim of this study is to investigate the economic and environmental impacts ofapplying BREEAM certification to a specific warehouse by focusing on increasedinsulation to improve the building's energy performance.This study examines the effects of implementing BREEAM certification on awarehouse by focusing on increased insulation to enhance energy performance.Through a case study at WA3RM, a company specializing in circular economicsolutions, we analyze how improved insulation affects energy savings, CO2 emissions,and costs in kronor, as well as the BREEAM scores achieved. WA3RM's warehouse,used for storing and maintaining greenhouse tomato cultivation, is the subject of thestudy. Three different building envelope scenarios are analyzed: the existing envelope,an upgraded envelope with moderate increased insulation, and one with significantlyincreased insulation. The BREEAM assessment focuses solely on energy indicator 01,which pertains to the building's energy performance. This study is conducted at 30and 50-year intervals to assess the profitability of the different scenarios.In addition to moisture calculations to ensure the validity of the building components,BIM-Energy and Bidcon programs are used to calculate energy performance, costs,and CO2 emissions. Even simpler hand calculations are used to calculate CO2emissions and costs for the energy use. We also evaluate the potential BREEAMscores for each scenario and the associated costs in kronor and CO2 emissions. Theresults show that increased insulation significantly improves the building’s energyperformance and reduces transmission losses. This led to a reduction in energy costsby 23.5% and 24.2% for moderate and high insulation, respectively, while CO2emissions decreased by 10.3% and 3.7%. These values are based on the end of thebuilding’s lifespan, set at 50 years. The building achieves 6 and 8 BREEAM points,respectively. Moisture calculations confirm that the building components handlemoisture variations effectively, validating their suitability. 

When asked to discuss the most high-stake struggles facing the ISA community, I had to first ask myself—what is the ISA community? In very general terms, it is a community of scholars and teachers who study and teach around international relations, and—on occasion—they meet at conferences and workshops (especially the annual convention of the International Studies Association held in North America) and collaborate with each other. As diverse as the members of this community are, the truth of the matter is that those of us who have participated in ISA organized events are really just familiar with those whose work we have read and shared panels with. Although this may cause some (if not most of us) to fall into a niche trap in what I like to call “the silos of Homo Academicus” (cf. Bourdieu 1988), I personally do not have much of an issue with this. What we read, write, and cite is highly influenced by our research interests. So, when pondering what the ISA community is, the challenge to me does not lie in whether or not the ISA community is an open and inclusive community for all international relations (IR) scholars. Rather, I am concerned about the fact that such participation is full of exclusions and marginalization that can delegitimize certain knowledge over others. In other words, the challenge of cooperation, contention, and (lack of) creativity from within the ISA community lies in how the elite nature of the community can cause its members to (re)produce knowledge that perpetuates epistemic violence.

Kunskapsöversikten undersöker vad skillnader mellan första- och andraspråkselevers läsförståelse under de tidiga skolåren beror på. Det är välkänt att andraspråkselever som grupp presterar sämre på tester som mäter läsförståelse. Syftet med kunskapsöversikten var att samla ett brett kunskapsunderlag kring varför skillnaderna finns. Genom att finna orsaker kan undervisningen av elever som har svenska som andraspråk anpassas för att minska kunskapsklyftan.Efter en omfattande litteratursökning valde vi ut tio artiklar som på olika sätt berör vår forskningsfråga. Samtliga artiklar har genomgått en oberoende granskning och vi har bedömt dem som relevanta och trovärdiga. Artiklarna beskriver både svenska och internationella studier och utgår från både kvalitativa och kvantitativa forskningsmetoder. Vi genomförde en tematisk analys av artiklarnas innehåll och valde ut 3 huvudsakliga teman som vi ville utforska djupare.Resultatet av våra undersökningar visade bland annat att alla elevers läsförståelse är en produkt av både avkodning och språkförståelse. Det är framförallt ett begränsat ordförråd som påverkar andraspråkselevers läsförståelse negativt. Skillnaderna i avkodningsförmågan är mindre. Vi fann även faktorer som bidrar till skillnader mellan första- och andraspråkselevers läsförståelse, som inte nödvändigtvis var kopplade till språk. De artiklar som undersökte lärares attityder och undervisningsmetoder i deras arbete med andraspråkselever visade på brister som påverkade elevernas skolresultat och kunskapsutveckling negativt. Bland annat fann vi att många lärare saknade kompetens kring undervisning av andraspråkselever och hade låga förväntningar som leder till negativa självuppfyllande profetior för eleverna.Det sammantagna resultatet visade på vikten av regelbunden och individuell bedömning av elevernas avkodningsförmåga och språkförståelse och tidigt och adekvat stöd för elever som riskerar att inte nå målen. Utifrån resultatet blev vår slutsats att mer forskning behövs men att det är tydligt att svenska andraspråkselever som grupp behöver mer stöd och bättre anpassad undervisning.

This article explores the intricate dance between desire and distance in ethnographic research and creativepractice, advocating for the inclusion of love letters as a methodological tool for critically articulatingindividual and collective desires. Grounded in the authors’ experiences at a workshop held during the 2023PARSE conference, the text delves into the genealogy of desire in research, situating love letters within aframework of intimacy and vulnerability. Drawing on diverse academic backgrounds, the authors reflect onthe intersections of personal and professional realms, emphasizing the ethical imperative of acknowledgingresearchers’ subjective experiences. Through a deep dive into the workshop’s planning process and itsenactment, the article elucidates the transformative potential of love letters as a means of fosteringconnection and understanding within academic and creative communities. This article invites readers toreconsider traditional research methodologies and embrace the tender work of love letter writing in theirown practice.

Abstract

Due to the increasing awareness of concrete’s carbon dioxide emissions, the use of wood for foundations has become increasingly relevant and researched as an alternative to traditional concrete foundations. 

The following report aims to explore and address deeper questions that have not yet been sufficiently addressed or researched. The research focuses on a wooden foundation for a culinary culture house, a building distinct from a typical small house. The intention is to demonstrate how a wooden foundation could function for such a structure, which has different structural and water piping requirements. The culinary culture house, approximately 300 square meters in size, is planned to contain multiple kitchens with several water pipes. The aim of the study is to conduct a more thorough examination of wooden foundations. It addresses three main research questions. The first question concerns how water pipes can be integrated into a wooden foundation. The second question examines how the installation of multiple water pipes affects the bearing capacity of the wooden foundation. The third, and final, question investigates the general perception and attitude towards wooden foundations compared to traditional foundations among construction companies. By exploring these questions, the report aims to enhance the understanding and utilization of wooden foundations in the construction sector and their sustainability, in comparison to traditional alternatives. A review of previous researches has been conducted to investigate the current state of knowledge and experience with wooden foundations. This review has been carried out as a literature study. To investigate and answer the research questions, collaboration with experienced experts in the field was required. This collaboration led to expert interviews with qualified individuals specializing in wooden foundations.

To investigate and address the research questions, interviews with experienced professionals in the field were necessary. This led to interviews being conducted with qualified individuals specializing in timber foundations.

The conclusion is that specific techniques and materials are used to integrate water supply systems into timber foundations and protect against moisture damage. Klara Byggsystem and Trelicell have developed methods where the pipes are placed beneath the foundation and carefully protected. RISE recommends minimizing penetrations in the foundation and instead routing water pipes through the walls to avoid issues with moisture.

The interviews revealed that integration of multiple water pipes do not present a significant challenge to the load-bearing capacity of timber foundations. The respondents believe that the holes made for the installations are small enough not to affect the timber's load-bearing ability. However, further calculations and analyses are required to confirm these statements.

Knowledge and training are required for wooden foundations since they are a new innovation with limited experience and research. Consequently, perceptions of wooden foundations among construction companies vary between individuals and organizations. However, it has become apparent that wooden foundations represent an attractive alternative to traditional concrete foundations.

This essay (written in response to Steven Nadler’s article in this issue) seeks to interrogate the promise of Spinoza’s perfectionism for education. It does so by first establishing Spinoza’s perfectionism as a striving toward the intellectual love of God, occasioning an investigation of the relation Nadler sets up between Spinoza’s and Maimonides’ perfectionist schemes, and then evaluating the educational currency of such a striving. It is argued that while Spinoza’s highest good is difficult to construe as a widely attainable educational aim, it allows for two different educational pathways, where one focuses on the reeducation of passions via narratives adjusted to the ingenia of students and the other on attaining the highest good. At a glance, these two pathways come across as radically different in their setup, but they are aligned insofar as the stability of the community (agreeability) is a precondition for the striving for intellectual perfection. In parallel, this tracks how a pedagogical relation – being necessarily asymmetrical from the outset – can evolve into a relation of mutual friendship once the striving for perfection is identified and accepted as a common goal.

Learning is a complex process that is associated with many aspects of interactionand cognition (e.g., hard mental operations, cognitive friction etc.) and that can take acrossdiverse contexts (online, classrooms, labs, maker spaces, etc.). The complexity of this processand its environments means that it is likely that no single data modality can paint a completepicture of the learning experience, requiring multiple data streams from different sourcesand times to complement each other. The need to understand and improve learning thatoccurs in ever increasingly open, distributed, subject-specific and ubiquitous scenarios,require the development of multimodal and multisystem learning analytics. Following thetradition of CrossMMLA workshop series, the proposed workshop aims to serve as a place tolearn about the latest advances in the design, implementation and adoption of systems thattake into account the different modalities of human learning and the diverse settings inwhich it takes place. Apart from the necessary interchange of ideas, it is also the objective ofthis workshop to develop critical discussion, debate and co-development of ideas foradvancing the state-of-the-art in CrossMMLA.

This study investigates in what ways affected communities of the Global South are portrayed, and whether they are enabled to raise their voices and share their perspectives, on five of the largest Instagram accounts belonging to Swedish climate organisations.

The research question is: "In what ways do Swedish climate-focused social media accounts give room for perspectives and voices of affected communities?"

A qualitative content analysis of the Instagram accounts of major Swedish climate organisations was conducted. The analysis focused on if countries or regions of the Global South were mentioned, if people from the Global South were quoted, and if root causes and power structures impacting the effects of climate change were discussed. The study comprises 471 Instagram posts belonging to five organisations, and finds that mention of the Global South occurs in only 11.3% of the posts. Only in 2.1% of the posts, affected people from the Global South are quoted. 

Communication for development as an academic field studies, among other things, how the use of communication may be an important tool for creating awareness and describing options for change. If voices affected by climate change are lacking in the Swedish debate, important perspectives may be missed and solutions put forward may not be the best ones at hand. This study underscores the necessity of integrating marginalised voices to ensure relevant and effective climate solutions are discussed and implemented. Social media, with its broad reach and interactive nature, holds significant potential for amplifying diverse voices and bridging the gap between different communities involved in climate action. However, this study suggests that this is not widely taken advantage of by Swedish climate organisations.

In the early 1990s xenotransplantation (XTP) was a promising biotechnology, with many countries prepared to take this research to clinical trials. It was also a technology associated with so many problems and risks that the researchers sought financial support to continue their XTP research. This was, in many ways, an international concern, as the researchers tried to collaborate to overcome those problems and risks. But despite this international effort, the situation became a national policy process in many countries where researchers, politicians and stakeholders tried to find a solution and take the next step in XTP research. In this case study, we take a closer look at Sweden and how the national policy process took shape in the 1990s.

AIM: To document satisfaction with root canal treatment procedures and outcomes among patients treated at Swedish public dental clinics.

METHOD: The original material comprised 243 patients who began root canal treatment (RCT) at 20 public dental clinics in the county of Västra Götaland, Sweden. One to three years later, 236 (97.1%) were posted a questionnaire of eight items, rating patient perceptions of RCT-completion, present pain intensity and satisfaction with the RCT. To evaluate the reliability of the original responses, the first 50 respondents were mailed a follow-up questionnaire. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to compare respondents and non-respondents and tooth groups.

RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-nine patients (67.4%) responded: 86 (54.1%) women and 73 (45.9%) men. The mean age 52.5 years, was higher than for non-respondents (P<0.001). A completed root filling was registered for the majority of the teeth (n = 112, 70.9%), but significantly fewer molars had been completed (n = 46, 59.7%, P = 0.02). Fifty percent (n = 59) of the patients reported current pain, mostly mild in intensity (n = 45, 38.1%). One hundred and twenty-three patients (80.9%) recalled experiencing pain during RCT. The highest satisfaction was registered for the item 'chewing ability' (mean = 1.6, SD = 1.9). The majority of patients (n = 114, 75.0%) stated that in retrospect they would still have chosen RCT. However, these patients belonged to the group which either registered the tooth as still present, or had not experienced much discomfort during or after RCT. Forty-four patients (88.0%) responded to the second questionnaire. The reliability of the responses was good. In summary, one to 3 years after beginning RCT at a public dental clinic, patient satisfaction was high, even though every fourth molar had been extracted or treatment had not been completed and half the patients reported persistent pain. The reliability of the patients' responses was considered to be good.

CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a need for further clinical observational studies of RCTs undertaken in general dental practice, with special reference to patient-centred outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: Prospective studies assessing the relation between endodontic inflammatory disease and subsequent cardiovascular events are few. The present aim was to explore associations between endodontic variables and future cardiovascular events in patients with myocardial infarction and matched controls participating in the PAROKRANK (Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease) study.

METHODS: Eight-hundred five patients hospitalized for a first myocardial infarction and 805 controls were recruited between 2010 and 2014. Signs of endodontic inflammatory disease were assessed in panoramic radiographs taken at baseline. Mortality and morbidity data during the approximately 8 years of follow up were obtained from national registries. The risk for future cardiovascular events (first of mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure) was analyzed with the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for the following confounders: sex, age, smoking, myocardial infarction, diabetes, education, marital status, family history of cardiovascular disease, and marginal periodontitis.

RESULTS: In total, 285 future events were observed during the follow-up period. Unadjusted analyses revealed that ≥1 root-filled tooth increased the risk of a future event. After adjustment, the number of remaining teeth and non-root-filled teeth decreased the risk of future events, whereas a higher Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth score increased the risk and ≥1 primary apical periodontitis decreased the risk of suffering cardiovascular events. A higher Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth score and decayed teeth increased the risk of all-cause mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: Tooth loss is a strong indicator of an increased risk for future cardiovascular events. Root-filled teeth seem of limited value as a risk indicator when accounting for other risk factors. The potential effect of dental interventions on future events should be assessed in future research.

Aim: To document treatment outcomes and related resources, in patients undergoing root canal treatment (RCT) in county public dental clinics, by monitoring patient records for 12 months from treatment start.

Methodology: The subjects comprised 243 patients starting RCT at 20 public dental clinics in Västra Götaland county, Sweden. Their computerized dental records were monitored prospectively for a year after starting their endodontic treatment. Treatment was completed with either a root filling or extraction. The following treatment-specific variables were registered: number of appointments and days until treatment was completed, possible complications and prescriptions for antibiotics, and for the root filled teeth: type of coronal restoration and further procedures undertaken within the year. The treatment outcomes were compared with the preoperative variables and in a logistic regression analysis.

Results: Complete data were available for 240 patients (98.8%): 128 women and 112 men, with a mean age of 48.5 years (SD = 16.3). Molar teeth predominated (n = 113, 47.1%). Most cases were completed with a root filling (n = 169, 70.4%). The remainder were extracted (n = 32, 13.3%) or were still uncompleted (n = 39, 16.3%). On average, a root filling was completed in 2.4 (SD = 0.9) appointments, or extraction at the third appointment (SD = 1.6). The molars were less often completed and often predominant among the extracted teeth. The indication for extraction was often for endodontic or RCT-related reasons. Most complications were registered in the molars and antibiotics were prescribed in 20 cases. Most root filled teeth were restored with a direct restoration. Four root filled teeth (2.4%) were extracted within the time period.

Conclusions: Patient records, followed from the start of treatment, show that 12 months on, the root filling had not been completed in just under 30% of the teeth. Of these, about half were extracted. Of particular concern is the outcome for endodontic treatment of molar teeth. In the general practice setting, molar endodontics are not only technically challenging but also very demanding in terms of chairside resources. In the present study, a successful outcome was achieved in just over half the cases.

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of root canal treatment (RCT) compared with a tooth extraction in a general dental practice setting, with reference to cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained over 1 year.

Material and methods: This is a prospective controlled cohort study based on patients either starting RCT or undergoing extraction at one of six Public Dental Service clinics in the county of Västra Götaland, Sweden. From a total of 65 patients, 2 comparable groups were formed: 37 started RCT and 28 underwent extraction. A societal perspective was used for the cost calculations. QALYs were estimated, based on the EQ-5D-5L given to the patients at their first treatment appointment and then after 1, 6, and 12 months.

Results: The total mean cost of RCT ($689.1) was higher than for extraction ($280.1). For those patients whose extracted tooth was replaced, the costs were even higher ($1245.5). There were no significant intergroup differences in QALYs, but a significant improvement in health state values in the tooth-preserving group.

Conclusions: In the short term, extraction was cost-effective compared with preserving a tooth with RCT. However, the potential need for future replacement of the extracted tooth, by an implant, fixed prosthesis, or removable partial dentures, may change the calculation in favor of RCT.

Objective: To determine whether calibration improves observer reliability when assessing DMFT-score, root-filled teeth and periapical lesions on panoramic radiographs.

Material and methods: A sample of 100 panoramic radiographs was selected from a cohort of myocardial infarction patients (n = 797) and matched controls (n = 796). The following variables were assessed: DMFT-score, remaining teeth, root-filled teeth and periapical lesions. Two specialists, an endodontist and a radiologist, served as reference examiners and undertook two separate assessments. Disagreement cases were jointly assessed and the final results were used as the reference standard. Three observers undertook three separate assessments, the first without prior training, the second after calibration against the reference standard and the third with the sample concealed in the complete material. Statistical analysis was made with Wilcoxon Signed rank test and Sign test. Agreement was calculated as Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) (95% CI) and Weighted Kappa (κ) (95% CI).

Results: Periapical lesions disclosed high inter-observer variability for the reference examiners and diverged significantly between the observers and the reference standard. For the reference examiners, inter-observer agreement was κ = 0.53. The observers, in their first assessments had κ values ranging from 0.22 to 0.60 in relation to the reference standard. Following calibration, the κ values increased, ranging from 0.59 to 0.80. For the third assessment, the κ values ranged from 0.54 to 0.75. DMFT-score, remaining teeth and root-filled teeth disclosed high reliability throughout all assessments (ICC = 0.88-0.98 and κ = 0.98-0.99).

Conclusions: DMFT-score, remaining teeth and root-filled teeth can be reliably assessed on panoramic radiographs. Calibration against a reference standard improves observer reliability in the detection of periapical lesions.

A literature review based of a scoping review was preformed to identify which strategies elementary schools have for children with selective mutism (SM) and how the conditions are for them in schools. SM is a disability and can identify as speech anxiety. According to DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) it is a diagnosis and one of its symptoms is inability to speak in certain situations which speaking is expected, e.g., at school. At same time speaks freely in other environments, e.g., home. Children with SM needs support to achieve their education and their social development. Research show that SM needs more attention in schools because school and the teachers need more knowledge and understanding about the diagnosis. This study identified 11 research articles, two main themes and seven subthemes. The first theme was “School staff” with the subthemes “the teacher`s role” and “role of other school staff”. The second theme was “School” with the subthemes “education and skills” cooperation between different professions” and development in selective mutism (SM). The result shows that teachers need more education and knowledge about SM because to develop an understand for support these children. Teachers and other professionals need to work together to achieve development in school systems for have the resources for supporting children with SM. Both schools and future studies needs to develop the understanding about SM. 

Background: The care of patients with narcotics use disorders is a complex and challenging task that requires a deep understanding and commitment from nurses. Aim: The aim of this literature study was to illustrate nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with narcotic abuse. Method: To address the aim, a literature review with a qualitative approach was conducted. Article searches were conducted in the PubMed and CINAHL databases. The included studies forming the basis of the results were quality-assessed and analyzed using content analysis. Results: The results are presented in three categories; The need to create secure relationships with the patient, Lack of knowledge and support leads to feelings of frustration and powerlessness and Strategies for managing stigma. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of education and professional development for nurses, both to meet the needs of patients and to promote high-quality care. 

Aim: To study the association between endodontic inflammatory disease and a first myocardial infarction (MI).

Methodology: The study comprised 805 patients with recent experience of a first MI, each gender, age and geographically matched with a control. Panoramic radiographs were available for 797 patients and 796 controls. Endodontic inflammatory disease was assessed radiographically. The sum of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) was calculated, and the number of root filled teeth and teeth with periapical lesions were recorded. The associated risk of a first MI was expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), unadjusted and adjusted for confounders (family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking habits, marital status, education and diabetes).

Results: Patients who had suffered a first MI had higher DMFT (mean 22.5 vs. 21.9, p = .013) and more missing teeth (mean 7.5 vs. 6.3; p < .0001) than the healthy controls. The number of missing teeth was associated with an increased risk of a first MI (adjusted OR 1.04; CI 1.02-1.06). Conversely, decay-free, filled teeth were associated with decreased risk (adjusted OR 0.98; CI 0.96-1.00). Analysis based on age disclosed the following variables to be associated with an increased risk of a first MI: number of decayed teeth (adjusted OR 1.18; CI 1.02-1.37, in patients <60 years), any primary periapical lesion (adjusted OR 1.57; CI 1.08-2.29, in patients <65 years) and the proportion of root filled teeth (adjusted OR 1.18; CI 1.03-1.36, in patients ≥65 years).

Conclusions: More missing teeth was independently associated with an increased risk of a first MI. In addition, endodontic inflammatory disease may contribute as an independent risk factor to cardiovascular disease since untreated caries, periapical lesions and root fillings, depending on age, were significantly associated with a first MI.

Aim: To explore associations between root filled teeth, primary and secondary apical periodontitis, and levels of inflammatory markers in blood from patients with a first myocardial infarction and matched controls.

Methodology: Between May 2010 and February 2014, 805 patients with a first myocardial infarction and 805 controls, matched for sex, age, and postal code area, were recruited to the multicentre case-control study PAROKRANK (periodontitis and its relation to coronary artery disease). All participants underwent a physical and oral examination, as well as blood sampling. Using panoramic radiography, root filled teeth, primary apical periodontitis, and secondary apical periodontitis were assessed by three independent observers. Blood samples were analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for the following inflammatory markers: interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, tumour necrosis factor-α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Additionally, white blood cell count and plasma-fibrinogen were analysed. Associations between endodontic variables and the levels of inflammatory markers were statistically analysed with Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation, adjusted for confounding effects of baseline factors (sex, age, myocardial infarction, current smoking, diabetes, family history of cardiovascular disease, education, marital status, and periodontal disease).

Results: Mean age of the cohort was 62 years, and 81% were males. Root fillings were present in 8.4% of the 39 978 examined teeth and were associated with higher levels of hsCRP, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count, but lower levels of IL-2 and IL-12p70. After adjusting for confounders, root filled teeth remained associated with higher levels of fibrinogen, but lower levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12p70. Primary apical periodontitis was found in 1.2% of non-root filled teeth and associated with higher levels of IL-8 (correlation 0.06, p = .025). Secondary apical periodontitis was found in 29.6% of root filled teeth but did not relate to the levels of any of the inflammatory markers.

Conclusions: This study supports the notion that inflammation at the periapex is more than a local process and that systemic influences cannot be disregarded. Whether the observed alterations in plasma levels of inflammatory markers have any dismal effects on systemic health is presently unknown but, considering the present results, in demand of further investigation.

Given the profound influence that technology has on society, shaping our behaviours, conversations, and decisions, it is essential to understand its development and nature. Obtaining a complete understanding of technology requires us to explore both the nature of technology and its historical aspects. This study examines how using supportive images in a virtual reality (VR) learning environment, combined with verbal interactions, supports students aged eight and nine in developing an understanding of the nature of technology.

Data were collected during an ordinary technology teaching activity and the analysis highlighted that these students, through interactions and VR images, demonstrated knowledge of all dimensions of technology, as described by DiGironimo (2011). The analysis of the findings indicated that the students’ knowledge could be categorized, but there seemed to be more complexity in their utterances than DiGironimo’s model could capture. Additionally, I employed a discursive analysis to achieve a deeper comprehension of the students’ perceptions of the history of technology. Here, the findings indicate that VR images can promote students’ interaction related to the history of technology, which often leads to exploratory conversations.

The findings have the potential to support teachers in planning and conducting technology activities in primary schools, where images and verbal interactions could provide decisive support for developing an understanding of the nature of technology, especially the historical dimension of technology.

Background: The ESE previously published quality guidelines for endodontic treatment in 2006; however, there have been significant changes since not only in clinical endodontics but also in consensus and guideline development processes. In the development of the inaugural S3-level clinical practice guidelines (CPG), a comprehensive systematic and methodologically robust guideline consultation process was followed in order to produce evidence-based recommendations for the management of patients presenting with pulpal and apical disease.

Aim: To develop an S3-level CPG for the treatment of pulpal and apical disease, focusing on diagnosis and the implementation of the treatment approaches required to manage patients presenting with pulpitis and apical periodontitis (AP) with the ultimate goal of preventing tooth loss.

Methods: This S3-level CPG was developed by the ESE, with the assistance of independent methodological guidance provided by the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany and utilizing the GRADE process. A robust, rigorous and transparent process included the analysis of relevant comparative research in 14 specifically commissioned systematic reviews, prior to evaluation of the quality and strength of evidence, the formulation of specific evidence and expert-based recommendations in a structured consensus process with leading endodontic experts and a broad base of external stakeholders.

Results: The S3-level CPG for the treatment of pulpal and apical disease describes in a series of clinical recommendations the effectiveness of diagnosing pulpitis and AP, prior to investigating the effectiveness of endodontic treatments in managing those diseases. Therapeutic strategies include the effectiveness of deep caries management in cases with, and without, spontaneous pain and pulp exposure, vital versus nonvital teeth, the effectiveness of root canal instrumentation, irrigation, dressing, root canal filling materials and adjunct intracanal procedures in the management of AP. Prior to treatment planning, the critical importance of history and case evaluation, aseptic techniques, appropriate training and re-evaluations during and after treatment is stressed.

Conclusion: The first S3-level CPG in endodontics informs clinical practice, health systems, policymakers, other stakeholders and patients on the available and most effective treatments to manage patients with pulpitis and AP in order to preserve teeth over a patient's lifetime, according to the best comparative evidence currently available.

Syftet med detta arbete har varit att utforska AI inom byggbranschen idag, vadframtiden kan medföra men även hur det ska implementeras. Byggbranschen är idagen av världens viktigaste industrier, men den har ändå kämpat med problem som harutmanat dess tillväxtutveckling samt produktivitet. Artificiell Intelligens (AI) är ettämne som har funnits samt används länge, men på senare tid setts som en banbrytandeteknik inom byggbranschen som har potential att lösa en del av utmaningarna sombyggbranschen länge har brottats med såsom projekt som kostar mer än planerat, attde blir försenade men även ineffektiv användning av resurser. Studien använde sig avkvalitativa forskningsmetoder för att kunna analysera resultaten. Den kvalitativastudien gjordes via semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultaten visar vilka AI-kategoriersom har använts idag både nationellt men även internationellt, kategorierna består avmachine learning och generativ AI. Resultatet pekar på att fokuset bör läggas pådataanalys och dokumentation, automatisering av repetitiva moment, riskanalys ocheffektivisering av anbud. Potentialen för artificiell intelligens att bidra till att lösanämnda utmaningar i byggbranschen bedöms som hög, men kompetensen ochkunskapsnivån i byggbranschen beskrivs som låg. För att kunna implementera AIkrävs det att man höjer kunskapsnivån, vilket kan göras genom pilotprojekt medanställda som testar AI under kontrollerade förhållanden. Projekten levererar mätbartvärde, såsom effektivitet, säkerhet eller kostnad och är baserade på företagensindividuella mål. Att AI även är kompatibel med företagets arbetsmetodik ochprogramvaror är något som är viktigt för att kunna ha en sömlös övergång.Slutsatserna av studien är att AI kommer att spela en stor roll inom byggbranscheninom de kommande åren. Det är viktigt att kunna utveckla teknologin för att kunna fåtydliga resultat, vare sig de är tidseffektivisering eller ekonomiska. Personalenbehöver kunna förstå vad och varför AI är och få en utbildning om ämnet ochanvändningsområdena. Några begränsningar för arbetet var att intervjuerna endast varhos ett byggföretag i Sverige. Däremot intervjuades flertal personer från olikapositioner, vilket gav nyanserade svar.

This thesis explores how the digital communication systems C-DAS and SFERA can meet and improve the needs, perspectives, and work of train drivers, and how gamification can be integrated into this. Through a combination of a literature review, interviews with train drivers, and analysis of existing technological systems, it examines how these technologies affect the daily work of train drivers and their ability to manage and interact with advanced traffic management systems. There is some reluctance among train drivers to the introduction of digital driving tools that affect their professional practice to the extent that C-DAS does. The results indicate that C-DAS and SFERA meets the communication and information needs of train drivers to a fairly good extent, but that the protocol can be improved with simple means to increase acceptance.

The result is represented in the form suggestions for how new data sets can be structured or how the SFERA protocol should be adjusted to better respond to the needs of train drivers. This is study is a bachelor's thesis and has been conducted together with the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket).

This thesis proposes the concept of affirmative exemplarity to discuss the importance of the roleof educators, parents and other significant adults in formation processes of LGBTQIA+ youth. It thereby also challenges Gert Biesta’s notion of subjectification and his separation of identity formation and subject formation. Through Judith Butler’s work on gender performativity, this thesis shows how the becoming of a subject is always already gendered and sexualized. As such, gender and sexuality play significant parts in formation processes, which impacts our understanding of how LGBTQIA+ students navigate heteronormative spaces in education. This thesis brings forth the series Heartstopper as exemplary in highlighting the need for affirmative adult role models that can support and confirm gender and sexuality as part of becoming a person in the world, and not merely a (political) identity.

Background: With an increasing life expectancy in the Swedish population, the demand for palliative care is predicted to rise. Palliative care, however, is multifaceted as it must address patients’ needs across physical, psychological, social, and existential dimensions. This complexity places significant demands on registered nurses. By gaining a deeper understanding of nurses’ experiences in caring for patients during the palliative stage, the conditions for providing high-quality care to this patient group can be enhanced, ultimately improving the ability to meet Sweden’s future palliative care needs. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to highlight nurses’ experiences of palliative care in Sweden. Method: The literature review was performed with a qualitative method and is based on twelve primary studies of qualitative study design, retrieved from the databases CINAHL and PubMed. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Seven categories were identified: Doing good feels good, Creating good care by good relationships, Feeling inadequate, Balancing between closeness and distance, Facing ethical dilemmas, Reflecting on existential issues and Growing professionally. Conclusion: The literature review revealed that nurses experience palliative care as challenging and emotionally draining, but also rewarding and strengthening on both personal and professional levels. By providing nurses with adequate academic training as well as sufficient resources and emotional support at the workplace, the full potential for excellent palliative care in Sweden can be reached.

In this final project, an investigation will be conducted on the teacher’s own experiences and perceptions of teaching history in a multicultural classroom. The purpose of our study is to explore how teachers perceive that multiculturalism influences student's historical consciousness and historical thinking can be influenced by multicultural history teaching. 

The thesis will also investigate the challenges and opportunities that arise in connection with history teaching when the classroom consists of a multicultural group of students. The method for the investigation consists of semi-structured interviews with five history teachers that work in grade 7 to 9 in Swedish elementary schools. To record the interviews we used a dictaphone. In the results section various methods, strategies, challenges and opportunities, that the informants have themselves described, will be presented. A conclusion that can be drawn from the results is that the history curriculum is characterized by a Eurocentric perspective. This presents difficulties for history teachers, as the multicultural perspective is not included in history teaching. This means that students with different cultural backgrounds have difficulties to connect with the historical content. Another conclusion is that there are more challenges than opportunities in the multicultural classroom in relation to history teaching. The biggest challenge is cultural clashes and cultural exclusion. 

Objective: There is currently a lack of scientific evidence regarding patients’ experiences of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) symptoms and received treatment. In the present pilot study, we have therefore investigated BMS patients’ experiences of the condition in order to better understand BMS’ impact on the patients’ everyday life, as well as to obtain an improved knowledge about the role of the treatment.

Materials and methods: The qualitative material in this study consisted of interview data collected during 2022–2023 at the department of Orofacial pain and jaw function at Malmö University, Sweden. A purposive sampling was used when recruiting the study participants. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with four female patients (58–76 years) and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis.

Results: The data analysis generated the main theme: A complex condition in need of more effective diagnostics and a holistic management concept. The results show that participants experience multiple symptoms that have an impact on patients’ quality of life, and that there is a lack of understanding of BMS from the surrounding environment. In addition, BMS patients believe that it is necessary to find individual coping strategies, while there is also individual variation regarding the pain-relieving effect achieved from two different, topical treatments (Clonazepam and Capsaicin).

Conclusion: Based on the results, there are potential for improvement regarding our understanding of BMS; specifically regarding daily challenges for the patients, more efficient diagnostics, and implementation of individually adapted pharmacological procedures for the treatment of BMS.

Young people with substance use problems often have an early sexual debut, an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies, and a high risk of experiencing sexual violence. At the same time, according to the national action plan on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the social services in Sweden have an important role in addressing sexual health in various contexts, such as in child welfare investigations. Therefore, this study has investigated how Swedish child welfare workers understand and relate to sexual health issues in child welfare investigations regarding young people with substance use problems. Following a strategic sampling, 15 child welfare workers were interviewed. The interviews were examined with a thematic content analysis with results showing that sexual health issues represented an area where knowledge was lacking. This was largely connected to that the child welfare workers had not been taught about SRHR in their bachelor’s degree nor in their continued education within the child welfare system. As a result of this, they often developed their own individual, professional approach for assessing sexual health matters, guided by the principle of “not investigating more than necessary”. When addressing sexual health in their assessment work, the child welfare workers primarily focused on risk, vulnerability and exposure. Not assessing young peoples’ sexual health was seen as protecting the right to confidentiality and privacy. In summary, this meant that young people with a problematic substance use were seldom given opportunities to talk about their sexual health, and especially not about positive sexual experiences related to their substance use.

Meðferð lífkviku (VPT) er ætlað að viðhalda varnarvirkni kviku og koma í veg fyrir kvikunám og rótfyllingu, en slíkar aðgerðir eru tæknilega krefjandi og skila ekki alltaf tilætluðum árangri. Evrópsku tannholsfræðasamtökin (ESE) hafa gefið út álitsgerð varðandi meðferð lífkviku í tönnum með djúpa tannátu sem fylgir að einhverju leyti gildandi leiðbeiningum á Norðurlöndum. Ekki hefur tekist að leysa að fullu hvernig meta skuli ástand kviku í tönnum með djúpa tannátu. Meðan tannáta hefur ekki náð í kviku er mælt með að beita meðferð sem opnar ekki inn á kvikuna, s.s. þrepaskiptri fjarlægingu tannátu. Hins vegar eru ráðleggingar Evrópsku tannholsfræðasamtakanna og leiðbeiningar á Norðurlöndum ekki samhljóða þegar tannáta nær niður í kviku. Það má líklega rekja til þess að ekki hefur verið unnt að staðfesta gagnsemi einnar meðferðar umfram aðrar og til erfiðleika við að meta hvenær óafturkræfur skaði hefur orðið á óvarinni kviku. Nýleg kalsíumsilíkatsement sem harðna í snertingu við vökva (vatnsherðanleg) og krefjast lágmarks inngrips kunna að gagnast til meðferðar lífkviku án þess að koma þurfi til meðferðar rótarganga. Framþróun er í meðferð lífkviku og breytinga er vænst á klínískum ráðleggingum

Lately, the development of data-driven scouting technologies and their intersection with football has sparked interest in the possible use of video games tools for professional strategies. This paper looks into the perceptions of professional football scouts regarding the Football Manager simulation game as a possible scouting tool. While traditional scouting processes remain a cornerstone of the scouts' profession, the increasing importance of data-driven technologies calls for a thorough examination of the accuracy, reliability, and applicability of such tools in real-world scenarios. The framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is employed and two concepts of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use among professional scouts regarding the Football Manager simulation game. Furthermore, the research uses a qualitative methodology, utilizing semi-structured interviews with professional scouts and a thorough analysis between a real-world scouting report and scouting reports generated in Football Manager. Participants' perceptions were analyzed and further discussed, as well as the analysis process of both real-world and virtual scouting reports, which led to the conclusion of some key factors. Key findings revealed that Football Manager offers a comprehensive and detailed database, that the game could serve as an educational tool through its ability to simulate realistic scouting operations, and that the game has the potential to enhance analytical skills. This not only contributes to the field of scouting and data-driven technologies in football but also underscores the game’s potential as an additional scouting resource tool. However, despite its potential, challenges such as concerns over data accuracy and the important lack of contextualization insights in the game, only underscore the limitations of relying solely on simulation games or data-driven tools, further emphasizing that the scouting operations should not overlook human expertise. 

This study highlights the emergence of form requirements according to JB 4:1 for a property transfer and its relevance in today's digital society. Originally, these requirements were introduced in 1734, and some of them have remained in the current Land Code from 1972. Since then, society has undergone extensive technological development and transitioned to an information society, which has created new opportunities to streamline and simplify various processes, including property transfers. We have also highlighted how the transfer process has already been digitized and how it might look in the future. Additionally, previous research is summarized to gain a better understanding of how and why we have the rules and laws we have today regarding property transfers.

To carry out this work, we have used a legal science method with elements of a qualitative approach. Within the framework of the legal science method, we have sought answers in legislation, case law, legislative history, and legal science-oriented literature, such as legal monographs and essays. A central part of our methodology is the use of the doctrine of legal sources, which includes rules for determining which information is considered legally relevant and which information carries the most weight in the event of conflicts.

Form requirements have not emerged without reason; they are a product of several hundred years of property transfers, and there are many advantages to how they are designed today. They are well regulated in the law, and it is very clear what must be included in a purchase document for a binding sale to occur. The form requirements protect both buyers and sellers from making hasty decisions and serve as evidence in case of disputes.

One disadvantage of today's form requirements is that they are not fully adapted to the digital society. Digital documents that allow electronic signatures have the advantage that they could be adapted to today's digital society and contribute to increased ability to track fraud. It could also facilitate transfers where the parties are in different locations, as the document can reach the broker directly after the parties have provided their electronic signatures, thereby creating a binding sale. This would provide a clear structure and minimize the risk of disputes. However, introducing an e-signature service is not without problems. There are also challenges with introducing digital signatures, but these obstacles need to be considered in light of the potential benefits.

While a substantial body of research has explored the intricate relationship between journalists and metrics, there remains a notable gap in systematically understanding how evolving metrics over time influence journalists’ use of data as feedback. This study addresses this gap by investigating how alterations in the most valued metrics influence the utilisation of audience data for reflection and feedback in national and local newsrooms. The study spans multiple waves from 2012 to 2023 and comprises 72 interviews with Estonian journalists. It employs the Data Loop framework to analyse the circulation of audience data among media institutions, audiences, newsrooms, and individual journalists’ reflexive actions. Examining data reflexivity within newsrooms involves considering the interplay between newsroom culture, metrics-gathering technology, external pressures from changing business models, and journalistic agency. Over time, the metrics valued by newsroom managers have shifted – from prioritising clicks as a measure of audience interest to rewarding journalists based on minutes spent on stories or the acquisition of subscriptions. In this article, we argue that instead of considering the audiences behind the data, journalists and editors mostly use the data offered by metrics to reflect on their work. Noteworthy trends include journalists conforming to data dominance and shaping their work to align with prevailing metrics, particularly in the context of paywalls where individual article readership can be linked with direct income through subscriptions. Contextualising newsroom data within the Data Loop, this study illustrates how data serves as a source for reflections at both the individual and newsroom culture levels. Despite assertions of an audience turn, our findings indicate that a focus on metrics does not necessarily signify a focus on the audience but rather an unwavering interest in journalistic production.

Following a period of increased gun violence in Malmö, Sweden, law enforcement authorities and social service agencies, together with representatives from the local community, initiated a project called Ceasefire Malmö with the aim of stopping severe violence in the city. Ceasefire Malmö is based on a focused deterrence strategy known as Group Violence Intervention (GVI), with the primary goal of reducing gun violence. A core component in GVI is strategic communication with offenders where authorities communicate a clear anti-violence message to groups that violence must stop or be met with swift and severe consequences for the entire group. This article examines the main communication tool employed in GVI: the call-in meeting. Based on 54 interviews with 22 professionals representing all the authorities responsible for organising and implementing call-ins, we analyse how the strategy was adapted to the Swedish context and how authorities experienced communicating with offenders. Our findings show that working with strategic communication enabled the development of new ways to identify and reach out to potentially violent groups. Ceasefire Malmö also encountered several difficult and time-consuming challenges related to call-ins, for example, identifying and engaging community representatives.

Sweden is considerd one of the European countries open to receiving migrants, including unaccompanied minors (UAM). This group of migrants has become a point of discussion in the political debate in Europe as well as Sweden due to the special needs of protection they require whhile migrating as well as considered `vulnerable` becouse of their age and the ppossiblity of facing the risk of being exploited or dead while travelig (Aycan Celikaksoy and Eskil Wadensjö, 2016).

Due to the concerns and debate, the study intends to examine the Swedish migration policy that governs unaccompanied minors seeking in Sweden between 2008 ( the Swdish Aliens Act ) and 2015 (Temporary Migration Law) to help understand if there has been changes or adjustments in the policy structure that serves as a strong guideline in which these minors are to be protected by.

Also, the paper tries to compare Sweden migration policies to the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child ( CRC) and the 1951 Refugee Convention relating to unaccompanied minors. to attain these objectives, the study empoys qualitative content analysis and the securitization theory to analyze how unaccompanied minors are protected. Finally, the result shows the changes in the Swedish Migration Law from 2008 till 2015 which indicates that Sweden is learning towards more restrictive migration policies as well as its relationship to the CRC and Refugee Convention 

Vår uppsats undersöker huruvida tidig och kontinuerlig vägledning i grundskolan kan påverka omval på gymnasienivå och stärka elevers valkompetens inför framtiden och hur relationen till en studie- och yrkesvägledare spelar roll. I en rapport från Skolverket konstateras elevers grundskolebetyg som en avgörande faktor som påverkar avhopp och omval på gymnasiet. I en annan rapport skriver Skolverket att studie- och yrkesvägledare behövs för att människor ska kunna göra väl underbyggda val och stötta personer i alla åldrar när det kommer till val av utbildning och yrke. Vi utgår ifrån frågeställningarna “hur kan vägledning i skolan implementeras tidigt och kontinuerligt, och mest effektivt för att förhindra omval och avhopp på gymnasienivå?” och “hur kan relationsskapandet mellan studie- och yrkesvägledare och elev påverka elevers omval och avhopp på gymnasienivå?”. Våra intervjusvar visar att tidig och kontinuerlig vägledning är väsentligt för att undvika omval och avhopp och att relationsskapande bidrar till bättre vägledningssamtal och valkompetens. Med hjälp av Gottfredsons Theory of Circumscription and Compromise och tidigare forskning har vi kommit fram till att hela skolan behöver arbeta tillsammans för att öka elevernas valkompetens. Vi har fördelat de första fyra kapitlen sinsemellan för att sedan skriva ihop dem tillsammans. Resultat, analys och diskussion har vi skrivit tillsammans.

A growing discourse around decolonizing processes illustrates the need for change within traditionally colonial institutions like ethnological museums. To meet demands for restitution, representation, and inclusion, these museums must navigate new, undetermined challenges in structurally changing their colonial frameworks. This thesis explores the evolving role of ethnological museums in the broader context of decolonizing processes and their potential to foster decolonial imagination through collaboration with activist groups and communities. It seeks to understand how museums can effectively position themselves within these efforts and respond to challenges arising from their colonial origins while aiming to practice post- and decolonial approaches. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research integrates literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, and theory-guided observation. This combination comprehensively explores the theoretical foundations of post- and decolonial practices and their implications within ethnological museums. The case study of the exhibition “Hey Hamburg, Do You Know Rudolf Duala Manga Bell?” at the MARKK illustrates how post- and decolonial ideals are being implemented or challenged within the museum context. The study highlights the dynamic interactions between museums, activists, and other stakeholders in the decolonizing process. Additionally, it explores the potential of museums to become educational, inclusive, and transformative spaces, while acknowledging contradictions and tensions in the museum space and its transformative efforts.

Public libraries, archives, and museums (LAMs) have historically played a pivotal role in the establishment and support of European liberal democracies (Rasmussen, Rydbeck, and Larsen 2023). Ideally, they serve as promoters of democracy, offering reliable information accessible to all, regardless of factors like gender, sexuality, ethnicity, race, age, disabilities, political beliefs, or faith. In an ideal scenario, LAMs encourage engaged, well-informed citizens, contributing to a vibrant civil society. However, contemporary Europe faces significant challenges to the underpinnings of deliberative democracy. The region witnesses the growth of anti-globalist movements, widening divides between urban and rural populations, regional conflicts, and nationalism, often driven by populist ideologies disregarding fundamental democratic norms. These factors result in new social and cultural divisions, complicating values of openness, pluralism, tolerance, and non-discrimination. Currently, the existing conceptual tools are insufficient to comprehensively grasp LAMs’ role in these developments.

The panel consists of members from the core group of a recently formed network Libraries, archives, and museums as key pillars of modern European democratic societies. A key ambition of this network is to develop a conceptual model for discussing local LAMs’ role in democracy. The local perspective is critical because previous research on LAMs’ political or social roles typically focuses on large national and pan-national LAM initiatives. The model focuses on democracy as an area of problematization for local LAMs and describes the entanglements and assemblages of resources, processes, and activities as they produce democratic legitimization. We rely on theories of democracy, cultural policy, and legitimacy in the cultural sphere, (e.g. Mouffe 2000; Boltanski and Chiapello 2005; Larsen 2016), and build the model on an agency-oriented approach.

The panel introduces the first iteration of the model based on our research in Sweden and Denmark. We invite our audience to an interactive session in critiquing and refining the conceptual model that addresses the issue of how local LAMs contribute to democracy. We take an iterative and abductive approach, moving between theory and empirical evidence. The model is a work in progress and is part of a creative and experimental method where we invite the audience to think about democracy and LAMs with us. We invite the audience to contribute with global perspectives on the issue.

By developing the model, we aim to get a richer understanding of the expectations and responsibilities that are ascribed to libraries, archives, and museums in relation to political transformation, and the roles they themselves take on. We will also provide knowledge on processes of legitimization and responsibilization in cultural policies in Sweden and Denmark.

Prevention programs targeting parents with ethnic minority backgrounds aiming to strengthen their parenting practices is a developing intervention field. The aim of our study was to gain understanding of how deliverers perceive working with a Swedish, practice-based, culturally informed, parenting program called Self-Assured Parents (SAP), that targets immigrant mothers living in social disadvantage with teenage children. 

We conducted four focus groups with 17 course leaders and collected survey data from 23 course leaders. The interview data was analyzed with thematic analysis and the survey data are presented with descriptive statistics. 

Four themes were identified: general assessment of SAP, language issues and interpretation, cultural sensitivity, and emotional energy. Course leaders reported a high degree of program acceptability, feasibility and appropriateness. They found recruitment and the use of interpreters to be the main challenges. Although SAP is a culturally informed program, issues regarding the culture of the mothers were seldom mentioned as a challenge. Social interactions with the course participants were described as energizing, which we relate to Randall Collins’ concept emotional energy. 

Course deliverers in parental education programs for immigrant mothers need to pay attention to recruitment and language issues, but may not necessarily need to focus on cultural aspects to a large extent. We propose that parental prevention programs may benefit from theoretical discussions about emotional and relational energy.   

This study explores the text types encountered in English classes in grades 7 and 8 and examines the implemented reading comprehension strategies. Utilizing reciprocal teaching (RT) theory, classroom observations are integrated with data analysis to identify prevalent text genres and reading approaches.

RT theory emphasizes active engagement and critical thinking skills in language education. The analysis identifies vital techniques like prediction, questioning, clarification, and summarization as crucial for effective instruction. The findings reveal that in the observed classes 7 and 8, a variety of texts are encountered, and various strategies such as predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing are employed. These strategies provide valuable insights into how classroom interactions contribute to the development of student's critical thinking skills and reading comprehension.

In the last couple of decades, right-wing populist parties have experienced a steady rise insupport in many countries across Europe. This rise in popularity has been correlated to theincreasing distrust with establishment parties and institutions. However, this expands into a vastfield of earlier research where many types of explanations are appearing. The right-wingpopulist party family has also in many cases been seen as a homogenous and united family ofparties, where differences in for example policies are uncommon. This, however, does not seemto be the case. In fact, during the research for this study, numerous differences have beendiscovered between many prominent political parties on the right-wing in Europe. In this study,two of these parties are looked at, the Sweden Democrats in Sweden, and the True Finns inFinland. Today these parties are both prominent right-wing parties in their respective countrieswith substantial political support and influence. But their histories and backgrounds are in factvery much different. The Sweden Democrats have what could be described as a troublesomehistory with early links to extremist and neo nazi groups in the early 1990s. Since then, the partyhas made almost a herculean effort to “clean up” its image to appear more electable to theSwedish public. Meanwhile, the True Finns have completely different roots, as they are in manyways direct descendants to another populist party, the Rural Party, who went bankrupt in 1995.They have roots in the more conservative and traditional agrarian populism that has been a moreconstant and established political force in Finland, especially after the Second World War. Inconclusion, there are substantial differences between the Sweden Democrats and True Finns.These differences could be considered to have played a key role in shaping the different partiestoday, the question is, in what ways?

Individuals with an acquired spinal cord injury, caused by an accident, experience poorer health, negative attitudes, and inaccessibility in the environment in the form of various barriers. This scoping study describes how individuals with an acquired spinal cord injury experience their social life, the importance of support from family and friends, and the coping strategies used to manage the effects of the spinal cord injury. We will also present how the individual can have the best opportunity for participation and hindering factors to participation. The purpose of this study is to describe, based on a scoping study, the adult individual's experience of having an acquired spinal cord injury. The scoping study begins with a presentation of the medical aspects of spinal cord injury, followed by a description of the importance of social support and participation after the accident. The literature review included twelve articles selected from the databases APA PsycInfo, Cinahl, and Medline, as well as a snowball sampling in the reference list where an additional two articles were selected. The results are then presented in three main themes: The Individual, Social Life, and Inaccessibility in the environment. Subthemes were then created based on two of the selected main themes. The results show that the individual has a better experience of health and participation if they receive the right support from their surroundings. Accessibility in the environment is important for the individual to be able to participate in social activities. Health includes not only the physical aspects but is also grounded in the psychological and social factors. Experiencing negative attitudes and inaccessibility in society can lead the individual to withdraw and isolate themselves. Coping strategies can be crucial in managing difficult life situations.

The "Nth Room" case in South Korea, involving severe digital sexual exploitation, highlights the impact of media coverage on gender-based violence. This study applies rape culture and framing theory to analyze how South Korean media narratives about the case have influenced the representation of sexual violence and the portrayal of victims.The analysis revealed that media coverage often sensationalized the case, focusing on graphic and explicit details rather than addressing systemic issues and institutional failures. This sensationalism not only distorted narratives regarding gender-based violence but also exposed deficiencies in the legal and institutional responses to digital sexual exploitation. The media's portrayal of victims was frequently insensitive, contributing to their re-victimization and reinforcing harmful stereotypes. This approach prevented meaningful discussions on necessary systemic reforms and support for survivors.

By applying qualitative thematic and frame analysis, the study illustrated how mediaframing, influenced by rape culture, affects awareness and response to such cases. The findings emphasize the need for responsible and empathetic reporting that supports victims and fosters societal change.

Future research should investigate how similar cases are framed across different cultural contexts and explore audience reactions to these portrayals. Such research can offer insights into how media coverage shapes public perception and institutional accountability, advocating for reforms and improved reporting practices. 

Vad och vem styr våra minnen? En essä om minnestekniker, minnets historia, bilder, science fiction och framtiden.