Strategies appear in all the parts of the syllabus for English in the new Swedish national curriculum introduced in 2011. The knowledge requirements for year 6 distinguish between the use of the singular “a strategy” for the lowest grade and the plural “strategies” for the higher grades.Although there are strong arguments in favour of including strategies in a language syllabus, teachers face several problems when assessing strategies summatively as a basis for grading, particularly listening and reading strategies. First, there is a problem of categorization and definition. Second, if listening and reading strategies are viewed metacognitively, they cannot be assessed when being used. Third, strategies may be used consciously or subconsciously. Fourth, the knowledge requirements indicate that teachers should establish a causal relationship between strategy use and comprehension, but strategies are not necessarily facilitative and learners’ successful comprehension may be due to other factors. While arguing that reception strategies should not have been included in the knowledge requirements, the text includes an example of how a teacher had her learners using listening strategies collaboratively and as a basis for formative assessment.