Using a two-level randomized experiment, we find that job search assistance (JSA) reduces unemployment among the treated but also creates displacement effects. Analyses of mechanisms show that vacancy referrals from caseworkers to job seekers explain the positive effects for the treated by helping the job seekers apply to the most relevant jobs earlier. We also find that the overall assessment of JSA hinges on how the displacement effects hit the labor market and to what extent firms react by opening new vacancies. The displacement is larger in weak labor markets, and we find no displacement of resources.

The aim of the current study is to estimate whether spatial data on place features from OpenStreetMap (OSM) produce results similar to those when employing register data to predict future violent crime in public across three Swedish cities of varying sizes. Using violent crime in public as an outcome, four models for each city are produced using a Risk Terrain Modeling approach. One using spatial data on place features from register data and one from OSM, one model with prior violent crime excluded and one with prior crime included. The results show that several place features are significantly associated with violent crime in public independent of using register or OSM data as input. While models using register data seem to produce more accurate and efficient predictions than OSM data for the two smaller cities, the difference for the largest city is negligible indicating that the models provide similar results. As such, OSM place feature data may be of value when predicting the spatial distribution of future violent crime in public and provide results similar to those when using register data, at least when employed in larger compared to smaller cities. Possibilities, limitations, and avenues for future research when using OSM data in place-based criminological research are discussed.

Context: The role of product management (PM) is key for building, implementing and managing softwareintensive systems. Whereas engineering is concerned with how to build systems, PM is concerned with 'what' to build and 'why' we should build the product. The role of PM is recognized as critical for the success of any product. However, few studies explore how the role of PM is changing due to recent trends that come with digitalization and digital transformation. Objectives: Although there is prominent research on PM, few studies explore how this role is changing due to the digital transformation of the software-intensive industry. In this paper, we study how trends such as DevOps and short feedback loops, data and artificial intelligence (AI), as well as the emergence of digital ecosystems, are changing current product management practices. Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach using multi-case study research as the method. For our research, we selected five case companies in the software-intensive systems domain. Through workshop sessions, frequent meetings and interviews, we explore how DevOps and short feedback loops, data and artificial intelligence (AI), and digital ecosystems challenge current PM practices. Results: Our study yielded an in-depth understanding of how digital transformation of the software-intensive systems industry is changing current PM practices. We present empirical results from workshops and from interviews in which case company representatives share their insights on how software, data and AI impact current PM practices. Based on these results, we present a framework organized along two dimensions, i.e. a certainty dimension and an approach dimension. The framework helps structure the approaches product managers can employ to select and prioritize development of new functionality. Contributions: The contribution of this paper is a framework for 'Strategic Digital Product Management' (SDPM). The framework outlines nine approaches that product managers can employ to maximize the return on investment (RoI) of R&D using new digital technologies.

Political action in reponse to the COVID-19 crisis generated hope for political action on a larger looming crisis, the climate crisis. Articulating climate change in terms of crisis and positioning it in the context of apocalypse can be an effective mobilizer of short-term action. Yet, alarmist discourse risk plunging people into apathy. In this article, we examine imaginaries of the climate crisis invoked by climate activist organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic, as they tried to influence the political agenda on Twitter (now X) and, not least, call for action on the climate crisis. We identify five key activist climate imaginaries and show how an apocalyptic imagery was invoked in response to the pandemic. However, this apocalyptic imaginary was rarely invoked on its own, but in relation to other key climate imaginaries. Our findings contribute to research on agenda setting and the role of political imaginaries in struggles over societal transformations, and especially the role of activist imaginaries when challenging dominant climate imaginaries in attempts to influence the political agenda and generate political action.

This study explores experiences of and refections on sexual harassment in academiaamong students and doctoral students from Belgium, Croatia, Germany, and Sweden. Prevalence studies show that sexual harassment is a common occurrence andhas negative consequences not only on mental health in general but also on academic performance. However, little is known about what kinds of support and prevention are needed. Therefore, the aim of this study has been to develop in-depthknowledge about students’ and doctoral students’ refections on how victims of sexual harassment in academia should be supported, and how sexual harassment in academia could be prevented. To achieve this aim, 54 individual interviews, and 6 focusgroup interviews with 18 participants, were conducted between 2020 and 2022 witha total of 72 participants at the bachelors, masters, doctoral level or state exam level.Based on a thematic analysis three themes emerged: (a) Information on sexual harassment, (b) Prerequisites for reporting and intervening, and (c) Support as a preventive activity. The results show an urgent need for information, since this is perceivedas lacking by students and doctoral students, and suggested strategies for information provision are presented. Further, there are challenges related to reporting, andignorance about how to intervene when sexual harassment is witnessed. Professionalsupport is described as important, along with support from peers, mentors, family,and friends. These fndings are relevant for researchers and for clinicians at university student health centres, to develop relevant preventive and supportive interventions in the context of academia.

During the past decades there has been an increase in mental ill-health problems among children. Social-emotional learning (SEL) has shown promise to promote well-being by supporting children in developing abilities to cope with everyday difficulties. Structured SEL programs can be part of the school curriculum from early age. However, teachers' positive perceptions of the values of such programs are essential for program success. The aim of this evidence synthesis was to describe and understand teachers' experiences of providing SEL programs to students and their perceived effect on students' mental well-being. We followed the ENTREQ and PRISMA guidelines. Systematic searches were conducted and we included seven studies with a moderate level of methodological limitations. We conducted a thematic meta-synthesis, and confidence in the evidence was assessed with GRADE-CERQual. Teachers perceived that students developed a higher level of coping with their feelings and created improved relationships as a result of the SEL programs. As they received new tools to support students' well-being, teachers were positive to the programs. They noted, however, that the programs needed adaptation to the local context. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-synthesis on the experiences among teachers on the impact of SEL programs on students' well-being. Notably, the results suggest that SEL programs could help teachers to attend to students' mental health. After conducting extensive searches for data, only studies from high-income countries were found. Therefore, further studies are needed within low-income countries in regard to SEL programs and experiences among teachers on students' mental wellbeing. It would also be beneficial to synthesize research on the students and their experiences on how SEL programs impact their mental well-being.

In the past decade, Sweden has experienced a large increase in gang violence, strongly linked to what is termed “vulnerable areas.” This has sparked concerns about vulnerable areas across the Nordic countries. A recurring public debate is how to prevent the occurrence of “Swedish conditions” and their implications for gang violence, and, more broadly, ethnic segregation. As a result, there has been an increased emphasis on analyzing the spatial separation of different social groups and geographical crime patterns.The Danish government annually publishes a list of vulnerable neighborhoods; in 2022, the list included 17 neighborhoods. Similarly, the Swedish police release a biannual list of vulnerable areas, with the most recent edition containing 61 areas. There are differences in how vulnerable areas are defined and identified between and within these countries. Currently, Norway lacks a national strategy for identifying vulnerable areas, but the City of Oslo and the Oslo police department have recently adopted similar approaches. In this study, we use methods applied in Denmark (Danish Government, 2022a) and Sweden (Guldåker et al., 2021) to identify vulnerable areas in Norway. By doing so, we identify the differences that exist between the two methods.As discussions regarding vulnerable areas often revolve around crime prevention, we also analyze differences in crime levels among the identified areas within Oslo municipality. This will further build on our understanding about the relationship between crime and vulnerability. We discuss the inclusion of reported crime and ethnicity as predictors of vulnerable areas, and how this might lead to misdirected (criminal) policy measures.We observe there is lower residential segregation in Norway – while it does not suffer from Swedish (or Danish) conditions, other studies have shown an increase in urban segregation in Norway, and it remains important to prevent further increases to avoid negative development of social problems, including crime.

Background: In general, it is known that continuity of care can contribute to an increase inpatient satisfaction, reduce health care costs, and improve patient outcomes. A guarantee of continuityin pharmacotherapy is a big challenge facing Japanese health care as a system that encouragescooperation/collaboration for pharmacists with other health care professions is currently lacking.Method: This is a narrative review. Results: The Lund Integrated Medicine Management (LIMM)model describes a systematic approach to individuals and was developed in Sweden to optimizepharmacotherapy among elderly inpatients. The aim of the LIMM model is to provide patientswith continuous pharmacotherapy at different levels of care. The LIMM model, in which a clinicalpharmacist is the catalyst and leads other health care professions in completing the process, has thepotential to reduce potentially inappropriate prescriptions, reduce rehospitalization risk, unscheduledhospital revisits due to problems related to medications, reduce total medical expenditure, andprovide a comprehensive understanding of patients’ conditions of taking medicine. Conclusions:Introducing a framework such as Sweden’s LIMM model, anchored by clinical pharmacists, couldprovide a good opportunity to promote collaborations among different health care professionals andimprove continuity in pharmacotherapy.

This paper analyses the development of the sport event policy in the case of Denmark, a small, Western country with no mega sport event hosting experience.Based on an analysis of archival documents, media coverage and interviews withrepresentatives of sport federations, municipalities, and the organisations carrying out the event policy, the paper traces the start of the policy to 1994 when theDanish sport confederation (DIF) founded Idrætsfonden Danmark (The SportsFoundation Denmark) supported by among others the Danish ministry of culture.Drawing on the sociology of translation, the paper shows how the policy slowlymanaged to showcase (‘problematise’) events as suitable investments for bothsport organisations, municipalities and the state. The interest of the state showedin particular as the Ministry of culture increased its funding temporarily in 2007and permanently in 2014. Finally, the paper shows how this development and national recognition is reflected in the policy’s impact on the stakeholders, whichchanges from an initial one-way form of financial support and advice related toa specific event to a freer form, a “triangle” in which all corners (the policy, thesport federations, and the municipalities) share the responsibly for developingDenmark as a host of international sport events.

Children’s rights are a blessing and a curse for undocumented migrant children. They are one of few available resources in migrant struggles, but at the same time they are also extensively mobilized to govern children’s mobility. In this article, I first analyze the limitations of children’s rights as rooted in understandings of children as ‘innocent’ human ‘becomings’ and the colonial legacy and paradoxical character of rights. I then connect this discussion to a postcolonial analysis of who counts as ‘human’ enough for human rights. Building on these reflections, I construct a framework for how these limitations can be approached and utilized through perpetual and antagonistic struggles to give children’s rights renewed political meaning, always focusing on the rights of all children—an approach I call ‘child-righting’. I apply this concept to concrete examples from Sweden and the USA to identify strategies and tactics that have been utilized to both limit and extend the rights of undocumented migrant children. Through these discussions, I aim to contribute with a deepened understanding of the ambivalent role of children’s rights. I sketch an outline for a framework that can ensure that children’s rights are effectively utilized in contemporary struggles by and for undocumented migrant children—and potentially marginalized groups of children overall.

This study investigates the motivations behind the European Union's approach to third-country resettlement, particularly as established in the Union Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission Framework (Regulation (EU) 2024/1340). It builds on existing literature to present a tripartite model of EU resettlement motivations: (1) using resettlement as a strategic asset in foreign policy, (2) positioning resettlement as an alternative to asylum, and (3) upholding humanitarian values. By examining the development and text of the framework, the analysis highlights how the European Union employs resettlement to bolster partnerships with third countries, curb irregular migration, and reinforce diplomatic leverage, while also reflecting internal European Union debates over humanitarianism and migration control. This complex interplay underscores the European Union’s strategic use of resettlement, even as humanitarian motivations are publicly emphasized. The framework ultimately reveals tensions between the EU’s pragmatic and humanitarian commitments, with implications for refugee policy and European integration.Article Details 

This study aims to analyse the efforts of the Swedish sport federations and outdoor organizations’ work in promoting environmental sustainability and the influence of their strategies on their work. The study utilizes data from 25 sport federations and outdoor organizations’ websites, and 19 interviews with key employees working with sustainability issues. The data were analysed from a Foucauldian understanding of power as both productive and disciplinary. One key finding is that organizations acknowledge their ability and responsibility to contribute to sustainable development and serve as a productive force. They aim to change their members’ habits and norms through disseminating knowledge, to discipline individuals according to certain expectations. However, challenges arise due to voluntariness, democratic governance by members and other norms that may prioritize different goals over environmental sustainability. It is crucial to consider the inherent objectives of sports and outdoor recreations and use their transformative potential to drive change.

White-collar workers around the world are reconfiguring their ways of working. Some have found their way out, performing office work outdoors, through walk-and-talks, outdoor meetings, or reading sessions. Working outdoors has proved both invigorating and challenging. This qualitative interview study aims to develop a conceptual framework concerning the implications of white-collar workers incorporating the outdoors into their everyday work life. Applying a constructivist grounded theory approach, 27 interviews with a total of 15 participants were systematically analyzed. Findings evolved around the following categories: practicing outdoor office work, challenging the taken-for-granted, enjoying freedom and disconnection, feeling connected and interdependent, promoting health and well-being, enhancing performance, and finally adding a dimension to work. These categories were worked into a conceptual model, building on the dynamic relationship between the practice of working outdoors on one hand, and how this challenges the system in which office work traditionally takes place on the other. Interviews reflected the profound learning process of the employees. Drawing on the concepts of free space and resonance, we demonstrate how performing office work outdoors may unlock a transformative potential by opening up connectedness and interdependence and contribute to a sustainable work life as well as overall sustainable development.

A photographic mapping of doors in Swedish public housing, “Allmännyttan”. The doors are located in socio-economically different districts of Malmö.

Långsamma vägar, eller kopplade frirum, är ett sätt att visualisera staden ur fotgängarperspektiv. Vi har påbörjat en kartläggning av långsamma vägar i Malmö, i syfte att upptäcka platser och förbindelser på ett nytt sätt. Studien använder GIS för att analysera och identifiera möjliga nätverk av långsamma vägar i relation till socio-ekonomiska skillnader mellan olika stadsdelar. Nätverk av långsamma vägar är värdefulla för att de ger möjlighet för människor att utforska staden, upptäcka natur och mötas.

Genom en kartläggning av Höganäs framkommer hur en lokal naturresurs påverkar stadens framväxt och identitet, såväl lokalt som globalt. Undersökningen tar sin utgångspunkt i Lera, ett material som systematiskt utvunnits över hela Kullahalvön under 150 år. I spåren av gruvindustrin fortsätter Höganäs utvecklas ur Lera.

This article introduces a counter-mapping strategy to visualize Malmö from a pedestrian perspective. It highlights the uneven distribution and fragmentation of current pedestrian spaces and aim to support a constructive approach to networks of slow roads. We are particularly concerned with processes to improve the mapping of pedestrian spaces and how maps might support constructive dialogues.

I Sverige har föräldrar möjlighet att bestämma över sina barns vistelse innan skolstart, vilken kan bestå avförskola, pedagogisk omsorg eller i hemmet. Dock är det endast förskolan som har fått en skolförberedanderoll gällande barns språk- och kunskapsutveckling. Det är problematiskt eftersom forskning visar på vikten avtidig identifiering och stöttning angående barn som befinner sig i språklig sårbarhet. I denna studie användslongitudinella data från sex elever födda 2003 till och med årskurs 6 i en kommun i Sverige vilka tidigt iden-tifierats vara i behov av specialpedagogiskt stöd gällande deras språkutveckling. Syftet med studien är attfå en fördjupad bild av identifieringen och det specialpedagogiska stödet för dessa barn i språklig utsatthet.Dessutom är syftet också att jämföra det specialpedagogiska stödet med barnens resultat i svenskämnettill årskurs 6. Empirin består av två dokument; intervju med de två specialpedagoger som är involverademed barnen före skolstart, mejlkorrespondens med en specialpedagog som har det övergripande ansvareti kommunen, en av rektorerna från skolorna samt resultat från nationella prov i årskurs 3 och årskurs 6 i sven-ska och betyg i svenska i årskurs 6. Resultaten indikerar betydelsen av tidiga specialpedagogiska insatser iförskolan för en framgångsrik skolgång.

Together with a growing number of migrants of Arab descent, Arab music, and tarab culture has grown in importance in the Swedish musical landscape. What is the contribution of Arab migrant musicians, and their music practice, to changes in the musical landscape in southern Sweden from a postmigrant perspective? Postmigrant music making includes processes of building connections and relations between Arab migrant, other migrants, and Swedish non-migrant musicians. We employ the concept of transtopia (Yildiz 2019; West 2019) in the analysis of Arab migrant musicians’ experiences of music-making, performing and teaching Arab music in southern Sweden, with the aim of disentangling how music-making forms spaces for innovation, translation, negotiations of representation, belonging, identity, cultural change and transformation within the context of increasing diversity in society. This study is based on participant observation, audio-visual recordings, fieldnotes and semistructured interviews during fieldwork within the local cultural production sector in the southern Swedish province of Skåne and particularly in the city of Malmö. The interviews were conducted with Arabic-speaking musicians who sing and play classical tarab music in performative and educational settings. The article contributes to a renewed scholarly interest in migrants’ music and to the ongoing debates on the role of migrant artists in cultural change in postmigrant societies.

I Malmö Stads kartarkiv hittade jag en kartläggning från 1950-talet över pilevallar i Malmö. Hösten 2021 letade jag upp och fotograferande platserna där pilevallar och alléer en gång stod. Speglingen av dåtid/nutid visar på en rad olika konsekvenser för pilens vara och framtidsutsikter; från gränsmarkörer till kultursymbol till biotopskydd alternativt totalt försvinnande. Nutida pilevallar minner om markgränser, maktstrukturer, landskapsideal och stadsplaneringsvurmar, men bidrar även till reflektion om förhållningssätt till vår mer-än-mänskliga omgivning.

The text discusses the gatekeeping role of mathematics education for youth in Malmö (and elsewhere) with immigrant backgrounds. The text argues that mathematics education may play a significant role as a gatekeeper for immigrant students’ advancements in the educational system as well as in the society at large.

This paper sets out to describe a research project and to present and discuss some of its pre- liminary findings from an initial explorative phase. The project is conducted in collaboration with mathematics and science teachers in four mainstream compulsory schools with strong linguistic diver- sity within a geographic frame of a predominantly urban region in Sweden. The overall aim of the study is to generate knowledge about pedagogical potentials and limitations of multilingual practices in mathematics and science education. In this paper we draw on interviews with teachers, as well as workshops in which teachers and researchers collaborated, to explore the various meaning-making re- sources teachers express they draw on for teaching mathematics in multilingual settings, and their per- ceptions and experiences of teaching mathematics in multilingual settings. The preliminary findings indicate that the teachers draw on different meaning-making resources, with emphasis on resources that can be related to language responsive teaching. It seems easier for the teachers to reason about language responsive mathematics teaching than multilingual mathematics teaching. The teachers rea- son more about the value of a multilingual approach and less of concrete multilingual methods and strategies for teaching mathematics to multilingual students. They express positive views about multi- lingualism as a resource for learning mathematics at the same time as they show a hesitancy towards it, demonstrating an ambivalence.

This article proposes the concept of ‘material politics’ as an analy-tical category for the field of Nordic welfare history. We suggest thatour understanding of welfare as a socio-cultural and historicalphenomenon can be further enriched if we engage analyticallywith the multiple ways in which the Nordic welfare societies havebeen imagined, materialized and negotiated through various formsof material networks, architecture and devices. Thus, to elucidatethe analytical potential of material politics for welfare history, webegin the article by surveying recent interdisciplinary research onthe entanglements of materiality and power. Specifically, we pointto three approaches to material politics that, we suggest, are parti-cularly relevant for the field of welfare history. In the second part ofthe article, we explore the applicability of material politics byexamining two empirical cases, both related to urban water andbathing, that exhibit different ways in which materiality havehelped to problematize, mediate and signify different aspects ofurban welfare politics in 20th-century Denmark. In doing so, wehope to spur further scholarly dialogue about the analytical cate-gories through which we approach and interpret the social andcultural meaning of welfare in modern Nordic societies.

Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) were initially created to enhance skills in interpreting, describing,and analyzing art. This paper examines a state-funded pilot project in Denmark conducted byVTSdanmark, the organization that introduced VTS to the country and translated it into Danishfrom English. The project aimed to integrate VTS into the practices of librarians and languageschoolteachers in Denmark and explore its impact on fostering children’s reading. Despite its smallscale, findings suggest that VTS practice, through exploring visual narratives in imagesrepresenting various children’s literary genres, sparks students’ curiosity and eagerness to read. Itmotivates students to read texts connected to visual images analyzed through VTS and empowersthem by providing the language necessary to inquire further about these texts, fostering interest inreading and language acquisition. Building on the Danish project’s outcomes, this paper proposesapplying VTS to motivate reading interest and language acquisition in English language learners(ELLs). The considerable potential of VTS’ impact on reading engagement, particularly forprimary and lower secondary school students of English, warrants further investigation. This paperpresents a versatile framework for implementing VTS in libraries and English language classroomsand details a research plan to evaluate VTS’ effectiveness in promoting reading engagement. Theproposed framework is adaptable to various contexts and cultures, including the teaching of Englishas an additional language.

This article employs a mixed-methods approach to explore the narrative articulation of crises in discussions around immigration and integration on Flashback Forum in Sweden. Using a combination of topic modelling and narrative analysis, it follows a two-step research design. First, topic modelling helps to identify key topics in the data and select a corpus for qualitative analysis. Second, drawing on Berger’s (2018) extremist crisis typology, we explore the crisis-narrative constructions around these topics, highlighting the extremist components within these. Our findings show that the prevalent topics in these discussions are not about immigration per se – rather, they address societal issues where perceived crises with immigration at their root are articulated in terms of how they disrupt everyday life in Sweden. Our analysis reveals how mundane concerns around immigration ventilated on Flashback mix with overtly extremist discourse and conspiracy beliefs, explicating Flashback as a site of everyday extremism.

This paper problematizes what can happen when different practices meet in the mathematics classroom. In an educational design research project, researchers and teachers together promote students’ participation in mathematical dialogue through the use of digital tools. Tensions on what is put in the foreground – the mathematical dialogue or the digital tool - as well as tensions of how students can be included or excluded in the dialogue, are analysed using the Learning Design Sequence model. Through the analysis of tensions, further areas for improvement can be identified.

Background: Acute heart failure (HF) is defined as new or worsening symptoms of HF and stands as the most common cause of unscheduledhospital admission in patients above the age of 65. Acute HF can be classified into de novo HF (DNHF), defined as no previous history of HF,and acutely decompensated HF (ADHF), defined as worsening symptoms of HF in individuals with a prior diagnosis of HF. Clinically, it isrelevant to distinguish ADHF from DNHF as they differ regarding aetiology, comorbidities, mortality, and morbidity. The aim of this study was tocompare DNHF and ADHF using a proteomic approach.Method: Using a proximity extension assay in a Swedish HF cohort, a total of 324 individuals hospitalized for acute HF underwent proteomicanalysis of 92 proteins. The population was categorized into DNHF and ADHF, subsequently comparing normally distributed proteins using anindependent samples t-test. Non-normally distributed proteins were compared using the Mann-Whitey U-test. To adjust for multiple testing,Benjamini Hochberg method was applied with a false discovery rate of 5%. Fold change was calculated by subtracting the mean or medianprotein concentration in ADHF from DNHF. As protein concentrations are expressed on a log2-scale, the difference between the groups equalsthe fold change. Proteins were considered differentially expressed at a fold change threshold of 1.15. The proteins that met a cut-off, werethereafter analysed with a pathway enrichment analysis using Reactome (only a corrected p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant).Results: Complete data was available for n=317 (30.3% women; mean age 74.6) individuals (Table 1). After FDR adjustment, differentialprotein expression analysis yielded 56 differentially expressed proteins. After applying the fold change threshold, 51 proteins were significantlyup regulated in ADHF compared to DNHF and one (Paraoxonase 3) was significantly downregulated. The most prominently up-regulatedprotein was fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) (fold change 1.68, p <0.001). The largest number of proteins were related to neutrophildegranulation (Figure 1).Conclusion: In patients hospitalized for acute HF, we identified several common pathways of the proteins differentially expressed in DNHFcompared with ADHF. Neutrophil degranulation was related to the largest number of proteins. The most prominently up regulated protein wasFABP4. These findings may inspire future investigation into the different underlying molecular mechanisms in ADHF and DNHF and revealpotentially different targets of treatment between the two conditions

AimThe aim of this systematic review was to investigate the quality of evidence for methods used to diagnose, restore and prevent dental erosions, by evaluating and summarising clinical controlled studies and in situ studies covering this field.Material and MethodsThree databases, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane database, were searched for studies published until October 2023. Studies fulfilling the selection criteria were selected, and the risk of bias of the included studies was assessed. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, evaluated their risk of bias and extracted data from the included studies. The certainty of evidence of the findings in the studies was determined using GRADE.ResultsThe literature search identified 7176 records. Out of these, 19 studies were included in this review, three revolving diagnostics, three revolving treatment and 13 revolving prevention. However, due to the fact that only few studies with a small number of participants have investigated the same methods on the same outcome, the studies do not constitute any body of evidence.ConclusionThis systematic review highlights the shortage of data on methods used for diagnostics, restorative treatment and prevention of dental erosions. More knowledge is needed to strengthen the scientific evidence regarding methods used for dental erosions.

Purpose - This study explores variation theory-based interventions' contribution to enhancing preschoolers' subitizing abilities during iterative lessons. Results are presented according to low, middle and high achievers, focused on those with prominent challenges. Design/methodology/approach - In total 68 Swedish preschoolers participated. They were randomly assigned to one of the intervention/control groups: 23 mixed design, 24 variation theory design and 21 controls. Data from 59 pupils were analyzed. A learning study with three lesson designs for each intervention group was used in autumn 2022 and spring 2023, respectively. The mixed design met ordinary textbook material and variation theory (VT) group instructions designed by VT during autumn, whereas all met instructions designed by VT in spring. Each group was divided into two subgroups. The controls followed business-as- usual math teaching. Two tests assessed pupils' results before and after the interventions. Findings - All groups showed significant improvements between pre- and post-tests. Pupils in the mixed and VT groups developed more knowledge than the controls. The low-achieving group developed the most. The VT group exhibited a more complex pattern of variation and a greater increase than the mixed group. The intervention groups showed a greater improvement in both tests' results than the controls. Originality/value - There is agreement on the importance of subitizing abilities as a predictor of future mathematical development; however, lesson design and research on pupils' development regarding lessons offered are limited.

The concept of intratumoral microbiota is gaining attention in current research. Tumor-associated microbiota can activate oncogenic signaling pathways such as NF-kappa B, thereby promoting tumor development and progression. Numerous studies have demonstrated that curcumin and its analogs possess strong antitumor effects by targeting the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, along with potent antibacterial properties. In this study, we tested the antibacterial activity of two curcuminoids, Py-cPen and V-cPen, against the Gram-negative bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacterial strain Streptococcus aureus using in vitro assays and fluorescent microscopy. We observed that both Py-cPen and V-cPen reduced NF-kappa B activation upon lipopolysacharide (LPS) challenge in cell assays. In addition, our findings indicate that Py-cPen and V-cPen interact with LPS, as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and confirmed using in silico analyses, thereby modulating LPS activity. Overall, our data indicate that Py-cPen and V-cPen exhibit strong antibacterial and antiinflammatory properties, suggesting their potential as candidates for new multitarget therapeutic strategies.

PURPOSE: This research aimed to investigate potential factors associated with the risk of perforation of the labial bone plate, nasal floor, or maxillary sinus floor during immediate implant placement (IIP) in the maxillary premolar area, utilizing a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) virtual study.

METHODS: CBCT exams from 179 eligible participants, encompassing 716 teeth, were included. Implants were virtually positioned in 2 orientations: along the long axis of the tooth (the prosthetically-driven position) and in an optimal position relative to adjacent anatomical structures (the bone-driven position). Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to assess potential associations between perforation or invasion and various covariates, including sex, age, tooth region, the distance from the tooth apex to the nasal floor or maxillary sinus floor, the angle between the prosthetically- and bone-driven positions (implant-line A angle [ILAA]), and the labial concavity angle (LCA).

RESULTS: The mean ILAA was 18.3°±8.0°, and the angle was significantly larger for the second premolar compared to the first premolar. The mean minimum implant length was 13.0±2.1 mm, with a bone anchorage of 4 mm. The incidence of perforation was 84.1% for the prosthetically-driven position and 40.5% for the bone-driven position. Factors associated with a higher risk of cortical bone wall perforation or invasion of the 2-mm safety margin from surrounding anatomical structures (in the bone-driven position) included female sex, older age, shorter distance from the tooth apex to the nasal cavity/maxillary sinus, and smaller LCA.

CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of cortical bone wall perforation or invasion of the 2-mm safety margin is anticipated when performing IIP in the maxillary premolar region.

Gender differences in pain reporting and prevalence have been demonstrated. As gender of examiner also affects reporting of pain on palpation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of examiner gender on palpation performance using three different palpation methods. Examiners of both genders were instructed on the correct technique for each palpation method by either a female or male instructor. The target was to achieve a pressure of 100 kPa, corresponding to the 1 kg of force for muscle palpation described in the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD). All examiners performed traditional palpation with the index finger, palpation with a palpometer, and a novel bimanual palpation with visual feedback, in a randomized order. The examiner's gender, and its interaction with the gender of the instructor did not significantly affect magnitude, accuracy, or precision of the pressure applied. The method of palpation was the only factor that significantly impacted all metrics. The palpometer achieved the lowest palpation magnitude (mean pressure applied = 113.7  kPa, 95% CI: 109.8-117.6), the highest accuracy (absolute difference = 15.7  kPa, 95% CI: 12.3-19.1), and the highest precision (mean coefficient of variation = 6.8, 95% CI: 6.0-7.6), followed by bimanual palpation and traditional palpation. The results suggest that gender differences in pain reporting in patients are not likely to be a result of the technical aspects associated with the gender of the examiner. Instead, these differences may be attributed to other factors, such as sociocultural influences.

The permeability-based assay is commonly used to assess intestinal barrier function, and it relies on using a transwell insert as an essential compartment. The device consists of a semipermeable membrane that is attached at the bottom of the insert and splits the system into the apical and basolateral compartments. However, commercial inserts are standardized with different pore sizes based on the application and offer only a flat plane of two-dimensional cell culture. Herein, we present a simple, low-cost 3D-printed transwell device and a robust method to functionalize the inserts for paper-based 3D cell culture. This 3D-printed device was fabricated from a polylactic acid (PLA) filament, and a paper membrane used to support HT-29 cells for intestinal permeability assessment. A device showed good biocompatibility when culturing HT-29 cells for 48 and 72 h with 97 % and 98 % cell viability, respectively. Together with fluorescence images, cells were attached directly to the microfiber networks of a Matrigel-functionalized paper, indicating that the functionalized paper is biocompatible and bioactive. Furthermore, in a more appropriate culture microenvironment, SEM analyses revealed cellular features differentiating into mucus-secreting cells, evidenced by the formation of microvilli on the cell surface, which was further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining of villin-1. To demonstrate the usability of the 3D-printed transwell device, intestinal permeability was assessed using both chemical and biological stimulation treatments. The permeability results employing FITC-dextran validated the association between a different level of relative fluorescence intensity unit (RFU) and the orange color of live cells by CellTrackerTM. As a result, this 3D-printed transwell device provides a straightforward and cost-effective method for manufacturing a device for customization in many laboratory settings, making it a feasible alternative to marketed transwell devices that do not allow for customization.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse sex differences in health-related quality of life (HRQL) before, during and up to 3 months posttreatment of head and neck cancer, and to examine the importance of salivary secretion rate for HRQL posttreatment.

METHODS: Patients were recruited before starting curative oncologic treatment. Clinical examinations were performed including determination of the stimulated salivary secretion rate. HRQL (EORTC C30 and HN35) was reported at baseline, weeks 2, 4 and 6 during treatment and 3 months after treatment.

RESULTS: A total of 56 men and 19 women were included. During treatment, men reported more problems with pain and sexuality, a higher use of painkillers and need for nutritional support during oncologic treatment, while women reported more problems with weight loss and dry mouth. At 3 months posttreatment, women reported more problems and symptoms than men with the highest scores noted for dry mouth, weight loss and sticky saliva. Patients with hyposalivation (≤ 0.7 mL/min) posttreatment reported more problems and symptoms compared with those with a secretion rate of > 0.7 mL/min, especially regarding dry mouth, sticky saliva and social eating (p < 0.001 for all three).

CONCLUSION: Problems and symptoms during and postoncologic treatment seem to differ between women and men, which must be taken into consideration by healthcare and dental professionals. Patients with hyposalivation posttreatment have more problems and symptoms and are therefore in greater need of supportive care.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe first-line managers' (FLMs) views of the challenges faced by staff when encountering older people's existential concerns in home and residential care.

METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN AND JUSTIFICATION: This cross-sectional study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.

ETHICAL ISSUES AND APPROVAL: The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (ref. number 2014/652 ) and followed the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration.

RESEARCH METHODS: FLMs in home and residential care were randomly selected and invited to participate. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed online to 467 managers, 136 (29%) of whom completed it.

RESULTS: About 80% of the FLMs reported that their staff members sometimes or frequently had conversations with the older people in their care about existential concerns, including the following topics: thoughts and feelings about meaning in life; losses and longing for meaningful relations; death, fears and uncertainty and supporting meaningful everyday life. About 75% of the managers also reported that their staff sometimes or often had conversations about existential concerns with one another. Major hindrances to existential conversations were reportedly cognitive impairment and aphasia among the older people and insecurity and unwillingness among the staff. Most managers (73%) reported that their staff received support when encountering existential concerns, mostly as individual support from managers or registered nurses.

STUDY LIMITATIONS: The main limitation of this study is its low response rate, which is common for digital surveys. Nevertheless, the sample is considered to be representative; therefore, the study holds exploratory value.

CONCLUSION: Regular conversations among staff, improved conversational skills and the ability to listen reflect on and perceive older people's perspective and life world are needed when encountering older people's existential concerns. FLMs play a crucial role in emphasising and planning staff support on a regular basis.

Housing instability is closely related to housing precarity and inequality. Households experiencing housinginstability change residences frequently, facing difficulties in staying put, which has been proven detrimental forfamilies. This study explores the geographical outcomes of housing instability showing how this phenomenondistributes in Malmo, ¨ Sweden, creating different spatial and temporal patterns. The paper relies on registeredbased data aggregated to geographical coordinates to identify places of transience and uses k-nearest neighbour for measuring the intensity of unstable moves in spatial terms. Furthermore, the mapping of housinginstability across four distinct time frames spanning from 1990 to 2020 illustrates the temporal unfolding of thesepatterns. The findings indicate a progression of housing instability spreading from specific spatial points to amore widespread dispersion of transience. This suggests an overall change in the city which may be linked totransformations in housing politics and policies.

Binary mixtures of sucrose and trehalose in water were investigated using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations. By classical MD simulations, the behavior of sugars was studied across the entire range of concentrations, from 0 to 100 wt % of water. Sugar–sugar and sugar–water affinities in diluted systems were in focus when using umbrella sampling and well-tempered metadynamics calculations. Moreover, in classical MD simulations, two approaches for system equilibration were applied: in the first, mixtures were preheated (using simulated annealing) before simulations under desired conditions, while in the second, no preliminary heating was used. It was discovered that sucrose has a stronger tendency to aggregate than trehalose, while the latter forms more hydrogen bonds with water. Below the concentration of 10 wt % of water, the number of hydrogen bonds between sugars is higher than the number of hydrogen bonds between sugars and water. The free energy calculations and hydrogen bonding analysis reveal certain dissimilarities in the hydration of oxygen-containing molecular groups. While there are noticeable differences in the hydration of various hydroxyl groups in sucrose and trehalose, all hydroxyl groups are clearly more hydrated than the ether oxygens in both sugars. Three factors contribute to the lower hydration of ether oxygens: they do not donate hydrogen bonds, they are slightly less polar than the oxygen atoms in hydroxyl groups, and they are less accessible to the solvent. Moreover, hydroxyl groups play the main role in binding water, and the geometry of trehalose is energetically preferable compared to the geometry of sucrose. Effects of preheating were demonstrated at water concentrations below 70 wt %, with more significant differences between mixtures observed at water concentrations below 40 wt %. Disaccharides bind stronger to each other and weaker with water molecules in preheated systems than in mixtures that were not preheated. The hydroxyl groups of sucrose and trehalose in preheated mixtures rotate slower than in systems that did not undergo thermal treatment. Therefore, while preheating is not necessary for liquid solutions, it is vital for the equilibration of samples in their amorphous solid state. In the experimental community, these findings are relevant for decision-making when choosing one of the disaccharides as a preservative.

Introduction Efficacy trials show that evidence-based injury prevention training reduces injuries in youth athletes but effectiveness, that is, outside the controlled setting, is lower and, consequently this training has had limited public health impact. Insufficient involvement of end-users at the individual and organisational levels is identified as a main barrier to successful implementation. The ‘Implementing injury Prevention training ROutines in TEams and Clubs in youth Team handball (I-PROTECT)’ uses an ecological participatory design incorporating the perspectives of multiple stakeholders throughout the project. Within the I-PROTECT research project, the specific aim of this study is to investigate the implementation of the end-user-targeted I-PROTECT programme. 

Methods and analysis This pragmatic two-armed cluster randomised controlled trial is conducted collaboratively with the Swedish Handball Federation that has overall responsibility for handball in Sweden. Randomly selected clubs in Sweden offering handball for both female and male youth players are invited to participate. 18 clubs are randomised (stratified by club size) to intervention (I-PROTECT plus tailored implementation support) or control (injury prevention programme currently available through the Swedish Handball Federation). The anticipated total number of potential participants (players, coaches, club administrators, parents/guardians) is ~3500. The I-PROTECT programme includes end-user-targeted information and physical and psychological injury prevention training available in a specifically developed interactive mobile application. Implementation strategies were selected from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change discrete implementation strategy compilation, based on feedback from end-users. Implementation outcomes will be investigated at the endof the handball season using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance implementation evaluation framework. A study-specific questionnaire, app downloads and/or workshops will be used to collect data.

Ethics and dissemination The Swedish Ethical Review Authority approved the study. Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed scientific journals, as popular science articles, at international conferences and communicated via the Swedish Handball Federation. 

In this article we investigate the harmful effects of the 2018 Upper Secondary School Act (the ‘Study Law’) upon young people in Sweden who have sought to regularise their stay with the help of this law. We analyse these harmful impacts as ‘legal violence’: structural and symbolic violence embedded in or intensified by law (Menjívar and Abrego, 2012), in the context of Swedish welfare regulation.

The Study Law was ostensibly enacted to provide a new opportunity for some 7,000 young people, the majority of whom had fled Afghanistan. These young people had sought asylum in Sweden in 2015, but had not had their needs for protection recognised, instead being subjected to exclusionary laws, policies and growing racism. The Study Law substituted the possibility of protection with strict requirements of study, work and conduct, while the social and material support needed to fulfil these requirements largely was withheld.

In our analysis, we draw upon interviews with young people collected as part of a doctoral research project, legal materials, and our own, earlier joint experiences as legal practitioners working with those affected by this law. The legal violence of the Study Law, we argue, has produced individual and social harms, particularly impacting the lives of young people seeking asylum. The law has created a complex and hard-to-navigate, legally-violent regime that, directly and indirectly, has exacerbated hardships and facilitated suffering and even death.