The sub-Saharan cities are growing and changing due to immigration and modernization.One of the consequences of the current urbanization is that an increasingnumber of families residing in peri-urban areas of small rural towns lack access tobasic municipal and ecosystem services. The purpose of the paper is to demonstratethe impacts of peri-urban expansion on municipal services provided by the governmentsand on ecosystems services through a case study of a small rural town calledMakhado Biaba in Limpopo Province of South Africa. Makhado Biaba has beenexperiencing incessant rapid physical expansion over the years. Such spatial expansioninto the peri-urban zone impacts the provision of municipal services such aswater, electricity, sewerage, and refuse collection. In 2020, an exploratory mixedmethodsstudy of some anthropocentric and ecosystem changes in Makhado BiabaLocal Municipality in northeast South Africa was executed. Land use was mappedfor the time period of 1990–2020, data were gathered through a household questionnairein six villages, and interviews were held with municipal officials. Among others,the study showed that several municipal services are available in the peri-urbanvillages of Makhado Biaba Town despite the distant locations outside the urbancore. However, services are not uniformly distributed due to that new peri-urbandevelopments that are leapfrogging into vacant land without supporting infrastructure.The pace of the municipality in providing the necessary municipal servicessuch as water and energy supply, as well as sanitation and refuse removal, is laggingbehind the development of new and unplanned housing areas. The findings bringabout information about the suburban livelihoods and how the administration of theperi-urban areas can respond to the needs of the inhabitants as well as to future challenges.For instance, to facilitate local development, recurrent and well-structuredcitizen dialogs with local groups to identify delivery failures are strongly recommended.In addition, the impact on ecosystem services by the city development andland use change stresses the need for guided urban development and expansion and also settlement upgrading programs in peri-urban zones to limit the bad effect onecosystem services.

The physical configuration of an urban space is often best assessed when making a leisurely stroll on the streets. Most modern European cities reflect various ambitions for accessible pavements, supportive ground covers and usable pedestrian crossings, often aligned with national welfare goals for creating an inclusive environment for all. In this study, the authors have mapped the design of some streets in the vicinity of the Malmö University in Malmö, Sweden. With a narrative approach, the streets are evaluated in relation to their perceived level of accessibility and usability, and bike-friendliness versus its walk-friendliness.

Hur påverkas socialtjänsten av att mötena med deras klienter blir digitala? När covid-19-pandemin kom blev den digitala tekniken en lösning för många att snabbt kunna anpassa sitt arbete i relation till Folkhälsomyndighetens smittskyddsrestriktioner. Kristofer Hansson – lektor i socialt arbete – har studerat hur det förändrade socialtjänstens arbete. 

Trafiken är den farligaste miljön för poliser att arbeta i, sett både till antal som förlorar sina liv i tjänsten ochsom skador på både personer och fordon. Därför är förarutbildning en viktig del av polisutbildningen pågrund-och fortbildningsnivå. Förarutbildning är dock resurskrävande vilket försvårar mängdträning.Dessutom kan det vara riskfyllt att öva vissa moment i verklig trafikmiljö och det finns begränsningar somgör att studenterna inom ramen för grundutbildningen inte kan träna på att köra med olikaangelägenhetsgrader. Simulatorer används idag alltmer inom olika typer av förarutbildningar. Syftet är därföratt undersöka simulatorbaserad undervisning inom ramen för lågfarts- och landsvägskörning för att få enökad förståelse för hur denna undervisning kan fungera som ett komplement till undervisningen i riktigpolisbil. På vilket sätt påverkas studenternas måluppfyllelse, i form av resultat på examination, av vilken typav undervisningsgrupp de tillhörde (enbart simulator, både simulator och riktig polisbil eller enbart körningi riktig polisbil)? Denna fråga låg till grund när simulatorbaserad undervisning utvecklades vidPolisprogrammet vid Malmö universitet och körsimulatorer infördes som ett komplement till undervisning ipolisbil inom ramen för det första steget i polisens nationella förarutbildning. 83 studenter som genomgicktermin två och därefter termin tre deltog i en studie där de delades in i grupper som fick olika typer avundervisning. Sedan genomförde studenterna från de olika grupperna samma examination och resultatetjämfördes för momenten lågfartsmanövrering och landsvägskörning. Resultaten på examinationen visar attdet inte finns några signifikanta skillnader i hur studenterna presterar på praktisk examination beroende påom de tränat i simulator, både simulator och i polisbil eller endast i polisbil. Implikationer av resultaten förden fortsatta utformningen av utbildningen och framtida forskning om pedagogik i körsimulatorer samtbetydelsen av simulatorsjuka diskuteras.

 The slogan “digital first” has become a buzzword for public organisational development at the local, regional, and national levels in Sweden. The slogan alludes to the idea that providing information to and communication with citizens should take place primarily through digital channels. This idea is also popular in other parts of the digitalised world. Obviously, digital solutions have the potential to become pedagogical, reliable, and effective interfaces for governmental interaction with citizens. However, the extent to which they are actually accessible, brought to use, and valued among older adult users (more than 65 years of age) has not attracted much research interest. Drawing on national survey data, collected in November–December 2020, on Swedish citizens (aged 65 to 90 years), this article will start to compensate for this deficit. First, it analyses the extent to which citizens have physical access to required devices and how access is related to material, discursive, and social resources. Second, it analyses resources and usage of important platforms for public services for older adults: the Pensions Agency, health care, e-pharmacy, the Social Insurance Agency, and the Tax Agency. Finally, the article examines outcomes: feelings and attitudes towards experiences of encountering a digitalising society. The article demonstrates how all three levels of divides—access, usage, and outcomes—are clearly related to older adults’ access to material, discursive, and social resources, as well as to age and pre-retirement experience with computers. It is comparatively younger individuals with longer formal education and at least average incomes and social networks who benefit the most from digitalised public services.

Ambitiösa klimatmål och pågående klimatkris ställer krav på en snabb omställning till ett mer hållbart resande. Investeringar har gjorts för att öka tillgången till kollektiva färdmedel.Många utmaningar tycks dock kvarstå, inte minst med hänsyn till beteenden och färdmedelsval, effektiv planering, politiska prioriteringar, synen på kollektivtrafikens roll i samhället och en rättvis fördelning av resurser.

Monitoring asthma is essential for self-management. However, traditional monitoring methods require high levels of active engagement, and some patients may find this tedious. Passive monitoring with mobile-health devices, especially when combined with machine-learning, provides an avenue to reduce management burden. Data for developing machine-learning algorithms are scarce, and gathering new data is expensive. A few datasets, such as the Asthma Mobile Health Study, are publicly available, but they only consist of self-reported diaries and lack any objective and passively collected data. To fill this gap, we carried out a 2-phase, 7-month AAMOS-00 observational study to monitor asthma using three smart-monitoring devices (smart-peak-flow-meter/smart-inhaler/smartwatch), and daily symptom questionnaires. Combined with localised weather, pollen, and air-quality reports, we collected a rich longitudinal dataset to explore the feasibility of passive monitoring and asthma attack prediction. This valuable anonymised dataset for phase-2 of the study (device monitoring) has been made publicly available. Between June-2021 and June-2022, in the midst of UK's COVID-19 lockdowns, 22 participants across the UK provided 2,054 unique patient-days of data.

OBJECTIVE: In line with a similar recent proposal for sleep bruxism (SB), defining clinically oriented research routes to implement knowledge on awake bruxism (AB) metrics is important for an enhanced comprehension of the full bruxism spectrum, i.e. better assessment and more efficient management.

METHODS: We summarised current strategies for AB assessment and proposed a research route for improving its metrics.

RESULTS: Most of the literature focuses on bruxism in general or SB in particular, whilst knowledge on AB is generally fragmental. Assessment can be based on non-instrumental or instrumental approaches. The former include self-report (questionnaires, oral history) and clinical examination, whilst the latter include electromyography (EMG) of jaw muscles during wakefulness as well as the technology-enhanced ecological momentary assesment (EMA). Phenotyping of different AB activities should be the target of a research task force. In the absence of available data on the frequency and intensity of wake-time bruxism-type masticatory muscle activity, any speculation about the identification of thresholds and criteria to identify bruxers is premature. Research routes in the field must focus on the improvement of data reliability and validity.

CONCLUSIONS: Probing deeper into the study of AB metrics is a fundamental step to assist clinicians in preventing and managing the putative consequences at the individual level. The present manuscript proposes some possible research routes to advance current knowledge. At different levels, instrumentally-based and subject-based information must be gathered in a universally accepted standardized approach.

OBJECTIVES: This qualitative systematic review aimed to explore and synthesise healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experiences of job satisfaction when providing person-centred care (PCC) in healthcare settings in Europe.

METHOD: This systematic review of qualitative studies was followed by a thematic synthesis applying an inductive approach. Studies concerning HCPs and different levels of healthcare in Europe were eligible for inclusion. The CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched. Study titles, abstracts and full texts were screened for relevance. Included studies were assessed for methodological quality using a quality appraisal checklist. Data were extracted and synthesised via thematic synthesis, generating analytical themes.

RESULTS: Seventeen studies were included in the final thematic synthesis, and eight analytical themes were derived. Most studies were conducted in Sweden and the UK and were performed in hospitals, nursing homes, elderly care and primary care. Thirteen of these studies were qualitative and four used a mixed-method design in which the qualitative part was used for analysis. HCPs experienced challenges adapting to a new remoulded professional role and felt torn and inadequate due to ambiguities between organisational structures, task-oriented care and PCC. Improved job satisfaction was experienced when providing PCC in line with ethical expectations, patients and colleagues expressed appreciation and team collaboration improved, while learning new skills generated motivation.

CONCLUSION: This systematic review found varied experiences among HCPs. Notably, the new professional role was experienced to entail disorientation and uncertainty; importantly, it also entailed experiences of job satisfaction such as meaningfulness, an improved relationship between HCPs and patients, appreciation and collaboration. To facilitate PCC implementation, healthcare organisations should focus on supporting HCPs through collaborational structures, and resources such as time, space and staffing.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022304732.

AIM: Prior to certain medical therapies, dental assessment and treatment of oral foci of infection are recommended. The aim of the present study was to acquire a deeper understanding of the decision-making process regarding pre-medical management of root canal-filled teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.

METHODOLOGY: Hospital-affiliated dentists in Sweden were contacted for a semi-structured, in-depth interview. The absolute inclusion criterion was that the dentists had experienced and could recount at least two authentic cases involving root canal-filled teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis - one case having resulted in pre-medical treatment, and one having resulted in expectancy. Fourteen interviews, with fourteen informants, were conducted and included in the study. During the interviews, open-ended questions and comments encouraging the informants to elaborate and clarify their experiences were offered. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Qualitative Content Analysis with an inductive approach.

RESULTS: A theme describing the latent content was identified through interpretation of the collected data: A multifaceted balancing act characterized by a sometimes-difficult risk-benefit-estimation, where an increased uncertainty entails an increased reliance on external opinions. Three main categories, comprising four subcategories, describing the manifest content were recognized: The tipping scale, The team effort and The frame of reference.

CONCLUSION: The current interview study found pre-medical decision-making regarding root canal-filled teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis to be a multifactorial and contextual process marked by uncertainty and collaborative measures. Further research, resulting in the development of evidence-based treatment guidelines, is suggested necessary.

This study examines the social, political, and fantasmatic logics involved in the production of contemporary discourses about Scandinavia as a symbolic site and imagined place of sexual and moral decay and as a gender dysphoric dystopia by actors in the global anti-gender movement. Empirically, we draw on a rich digital archive of multi-modal media texts from an ongoing research project on anti-gender movements in Russia and Germany – two countries which provide particularly poignant examples of sites in which this mode of anti-gender propaganda is currently on the rise. In the analysis, we explore the discursive workings of a particularly prominent node in the material – that of the vulnerable child – and show how this figure is construed and instrumentalised to add urgency and fuel outrage among domestic audiences in Russia and Germany.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to histologically evaluate the healing at 8 weeks after coronally advanced flap (CAF) with either a superficial (SCTG) or deep palatal connective tissue graft (DCTG), or a collagen matrix (CM) to cover recession defects at teeth and implants.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: One mandibular side of 6 miniature pigs received each 3 titanium implants 12 weeks after extraction. Eight weeks later, recession defects were created around implants and contralateral premolars and 4 weeks later randomly subjected to CAF + SCTG, CAF + DCTG, or CAF + CM. After 8 weeks, block biopsies were histologically analyzed.

RESULTS: For the primary outcome, i.e., keratinization of the epithelium, all teeth and implants exhibited a keratinized epithelium with no histological differences among them also not in terms of statistically significant differences in length (SCTG 0.86 ± 0.92 mm, DCTG 1.13 ± 0.62 mm, and Cm, 1.44 ± 0.76 mm). Pocket formation was histologically seen at all teeth, around most implants with SCTG and DCTG, however not in the CM implant group. The connective tissue grafts showed hardly signs of degradation, whereas the CM was partly degraded and integrated in connective tissue. The mean gain in gingival height was similar in all experimental groups (SCTG 3.89 ± 0.80 mm, DCTG 4.01 ± 1.40 mm, CM 4.21 ± 0.64 mm). Statistically significant differences were found in the height of the junctional epithelium between the control teeth and the connective tissue groups (p = 0.009 and 0.044).

CONCLUSIONS: In this animal model, the use of either a superficial or deep connective tissue graft or a collagen membrane did not seem to have any impact on the epithelial keratinization around both teeth and implants. All procedures (CAF + SCTG/DCTG/CM) resulted in a long JE that was even longer at implants.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Deep/superficial palatal connective tissue graft yielded similar keratinization around teeth/implants. Given the absence of pocket formation and inflammatory processes at implants when using a CM, CAF + CM might bear potential clinical benefits.

AIM: To further evaluate the postoperative recovery profile regarding its psychometric properties.

BACKGROUND: The postoperative recovery profile is an instrument for the self-assessment of general postoperative recovery that has received increased attention within nursing research. However, psychometric evaluation during development was sparse.

DESIGN: Psychometric evaluation was done using classical test theory.

METHOD: Data quality, targeting, reliability, and scaling assumptions were measured. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity. Data collection was made during 2011-2013.

RESULT: Data derived from this study showed acceptable quality; however, item distribution was skewed, with ceiling effects in the majority of items. Cronbach's alpha showed high internal consistency. Item-total correlations indicated unidimensionality, whereas six items demonstrated high correlations pointing at redundancy. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed problems related to dimensionality as the five proposed dimensions were highly correlated with each other. Furthermore, items were largely uncorrelated with the designated dimensions.

CONCLUSION: This study shows that the postoperative recovery profile needs to be further developed to serve as a robust instrument within nursing as well as medical research. Arguably, values from the instrument should not be calculated at a dimensional level for the time being because of discriminant validity issues.

AIMS: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) exists in three isoforms TGF-β1, -β2 and -β3. TGF-β1 has been suggested to be important for maintaining plaque stability, yet the role of TGF-β2 and -β3 in atherosclerosis remains to be investigated.

OBJECTIVE: This study explores the association of these three isoforms of TGF-β with plaque stability in the human atherosclerotic disease.

METHODS AND RESULTS: TGF-β1, -β2 and -β3 proteins were quantified in 223 human carotid plaques by immunoassays. Indications for the endarterectomy were: symptomatic carotid plaque with stenosis >70% or without symptoms and >80% stenosis. Plaque mRNA levels were assessed by RNA sequencing. Plaque components and extracellular matrix were measured histologically and biochemically. Matrix metalloproteinases were measured with ELISA. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was measured with immunoassays. The effect of TGF-β2 on inflammation and protease activity was investigated in vitro using THP-1 and RAW264.7 macrophages. Patients were followed longitudinally for cardiovascular events.TGF-β2 was the most abundant isoform and was increased at both protein and mRNA levels in asymptomatic plaques. TGF-β2 was the main determinant separating asymptomatic plaques in an Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis. TGF-β2 correlated positively to features of plaque stability and inversely to markers of plaque vulnerability. TGF-β2 was the only isoform inversely correlated to the matrix-degrading matrix metalloproteinase-9 and inflammation in the plaque tissue. In vitro, TGF-β2 pre-treatment reduced MCP-1 gene and protein levels as well as matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene levels and activity. Patients with plaques with high TGF-β2 levels had a lower risk to suffer from future cardiovascular events.

CONCLUSIONS: TGF-β2 is the most abundant TGF-β isoform in human plaques and may maintain plaque stability by decreasing inflammation and matrix degradation.

There is a close relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and lipoproteins, in particular high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inversely correlated with HDL plasma levels. It is known that the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein binds the HDL particle, probably depleting it of lipids and altering HDL function. Based on neutron reflectometry (NR) and the ability of HDL to efflux cholesterol from macrophages, we confirm these observations and further identify the preference of the S protein for specific lipids and the consequent effects on HDL function on lipid exchange ability. Moreover, the effect of the S protein on HDL function differs depending on the individuals lipid serum profile. Contrasting trends were observed for individuals presenting low triglycerides/high cholesterol serum levels (LTHC) compared to high triglycerides/high cholesterol (HTHC) or low triglycerides/low cholesterol serum levels (LTLC). Collectively, these results suggest that the S protein interacts with the HDL particle and, depending on the lipid profile of the infected individual, it impairs its function during COVID-19 infection, causing an imbalance in lipid metabolism.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: L was investigated both in normal and malignant skin cells.

METHODS: Antioxidant activity of the extracts was analyzed by using the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was performed to demonstrate the phytochemical profile, and the total flavonoid content was analyzed with an aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by cell treatments using the plant extracts. Thereafter, the possible suppression of induced IL-6 response was measured from the cultured skin cancer cell lines A2058 and A431, and normal primary keratinocytes with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

RESULTS: also had the highest flavonoid content and showed the highest antioxidant activity of the three extracts tested.

CONCLUSION: possess properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in both normal and malignant keratinocytes, and thus could be a promising agent controlling the pro-inflammatory IL-6 production.

Referred sensation (RS) as a specific clinical phenomenon has been known for a long time, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aims of this study were to assess if (1) healthy individuals who experienced RS had a less active endogenous pain system when compared with those who did not; (2) activation of descending pain inhibition mechanisms can modulate RS parameters; and finally, (3) a transient decrease in peripheral afferent input because of a local anesthetic (LA) block in the masseter muscle can modulate RS parameters. To assess these, 50 healthy participants were assessed in 3 different sessions. In the first session, conditioned pain modulation (CPM) as well as mechanical sensitivity and RS at the masseter muscle were assessed. In the same session, participants who experienced RS had their mechanical sensitivity and RS assessed again while undergoing a CPM protocol. In the second and third sessions, participants had their mechanical sensitivity and RS assessed before and after receiving an injection of 2 mL of LA and isotonic saline into the masseter muscle. The main findings of this study were (1) participants who experienced RS during standardized palpation exhibited increased mechanical sensitivity (P < 0.05, Tukey post hoc test) and decreased CPM (P < 0.05, Tukey post hoc test) when compared with those who did not; RS incidence (P < 0.05, Cochran Q test), frequency (P < 0.05; Friedman test), intensity (P < 0.05, Tukey post hoc test), and area (P < 0.05, Tukey post hoc test) were all significantly reduced when assessed (2) during a painful conditioning stimulus and (3) after LA block. These novel findings highlight that RS in the orofacial region are strongly modified by both peripheral and central nervous system factors.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a substantial impact on quality of life and functional capability. The prognosis of MS has changed over time due to the development of increasingly effective therapies. As the knowledge and perceptions of persons living with chronic conditions increasingly have been acknowledged, it has become important to understand lived experiences with a focus on everyday events and experiences as a way of knowing and interpreting the world. Exploring context-specific lived experiences as a source of knowledge about the disease and care may contribute to more precision in designing care services. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of persons living with MS in a Swedish context.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative interview study was conducted with both purposeful and random sampling strategies, resulting in 10 interviews. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic content analysis.

RESULTS: The analysis generated 4 overarching themes with 12 subthemes, the 4 themes were: perspectives on life and health, influence on everyday life, relations with healthcare, and shared healthcare processes. The themes are concerned with the patients' own perspectives and context as well as medical and healthcare-related perspectives. Patterns of shared experiences were found, for example, in the diagnosis confirmation, future perspectives, and planning and coordination. More diverse experiences appeared concerning relations with others, one's individual requirements, symptoms and consequences, and knowledge building.

CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a need for a more diverse and coproduced development of healthcare services to meet diverse needs in the population with greater acknowledgement of the person's lived experience, including consideration of the complexity of the disease, personal integrity, and different ways of knowing. Findings from this study will be further explored together with other quantitative and qualitative data.

Introduction: This paper describes the development of "Swedish Guidelines for OSA treatment" and the underlying managed care process. The Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) is traditionally used as a single parameter for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity classification, although poorly associated with symptomatology and outcome. We instead implement a novel matrix for shared treatment decisions based on available evidence. Methods: A national expert group including medical and dental specialists, nurses, and patient representatives developed the knowledge-driven management model. A Delphi round was performed amongst experts from all Swedish regions (N = 24). Evidence reflecting treatment effects was extracted from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized clinical trials. Results: The treatment decision in the process includes a matrix with five categories from a "very weak"" to "very strong" indication to treat, and it includes factors with potential influence on outcome, including (A) OSA-related symptoms, (B) cardiometabolic comorbidities, (C) frequency of respiratory events, and (D) age. OSA-related symptoms indicate a strong incitement to treat, whereas the absence of symptoms, age above 65 years, and no or well-controlled comorbidities indicate a weak treatment indication, irrespective of AHI. Conclusions: The novel treatment matrix is based on the effects of treatments rather than the actual frequency of respiratory events during sleep. A nationwide implementation of this matrix is ongoing, and the outcome is monitored in a prospective evaluation by means of the Swedish Sleep Apnea Registry (SESAR).

Various mechanisms have been proposed for hydrogen embrittlement of duplex stainless steel, but the causation of hydrogen-induced material degradation has remained unclear. This work shows that phase instability (decomposition) of the austenite phase and ductile-to-brittle transition of the ferrite phase precedes hydrogen embrittlement. In-situ diffraction measurements revealed that Ni-rich sites of the austenite phase decompose into metastable hydrides. Hydride formation is possible by increasing the hydrogen chemical potential during electrochemical charging and low defect formation energy of hydrogen interstitials. Our findings demonstrate that hydrogen embrittlement can only be understood if measured in situ and in real-time during the embrittlement process.

grasp is a software package in Fortran 95, adapted to run in parallel under MPI, for research in atomic physics. The basic premise is that, given a wave function, any observed atomic property can be computed. Thus, the first step is always to determine a wave function. Different properties challenge the accuracy of the wave function in different ways. This software is distributed under the MIT Licence.

Ab initio calculations sometimes do not reproduce the experimentally observed energy separations at a high enough accuracy. Fine-tuning of diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian matrix is a process which seeks to ensure that calculated energy separations of the states that mix are in agreement with experiment. The process gives more accurate measures of the mixing than can be obtained in ab initio calculations. Fine-tuning requires the Hamiltonian matrix to be diagonally dominant, which is generally not the case for calculations based on jj-coupled configuration state functions. We show that this problem can be circumvented by a method that transforms the Hamiltonian in jj-coupling to a Hamiltonian in LSJ-coupling for which fine-tuning applies. The fine-tuned matrix is then transformed back to a Hamiltonian in jj-coupling. The implementation of the method into the General Relativistic Atomic Structure Package is described and test runs to validate the program operations are reported. The new method is applied to the computation of the 2s(21)S(0)-2s2p(1,3)P(1) transitions in C III and to the computation of Rydberg transitions in B I, for which the 2s(2)p(22)S(1/2) perturber enters the 2s(2)ns(2)S(1/2) series. Improved convergence patterns and results are found compared with ab initio calculations.

Descriptions of social movement factionalism are often based on the dichotomous conception of lawful moderates and violent radicals. In this article, we nuance this distinction by illustrating the complexity of radical flanks through an empirically grounded analysis of protest tactics, in which we ask under what conditions radical flanks are likely to use violent protest tactics. Exploring dominant explanations of political violence, the article shows the necessity of understanding the use of violent protest tactics as part of cognitive and relational processes. The use of violent tactics varies greatly across frames and protest issues, pointing to how different logics of protest are tied to different frames. Also, the use of violence is affected by the presence or absence of moderate allies; the likelihood of violence clearly decreases when radicals and moderates form coalitions when organising protests. The analysis is based on a protest event data set covering over 3,900 nonviolent and violent events by the Radical Left-Libertarian Movement in Sweden, 1997-2016. Notably, the results hold over this entire twenty-year period, suggesting that they are robust and provide a better explanation than historically contingent causes.

Today many classrooms in Sweden are multilingual, characterized by a diversity of linguistic, cultural and epistemological resources available for teaching and learning. Handling this diversity puts certain demands on teachers in order to provide all students equal learning opportunities in a context where the language of instruction is Swedish. As a response to this, local school development projects based on multilingualism as a resource have been initiated. This study focuses on two such projects with the aim to deepen the knowledge about how translanguaging teaching practices can be developed. To make visible what characterizes as well as enable and constrain translanguaging teaching practices under development, the theory of practice architectures is used. Three different practices are identified The Multilingual, The Ambivalent multilingual and The Monolingual teaching practice. The practices are formed by differing cultural-discursive, material-economic and social-political arrangements. Above all, cultural-discursive arrangements such as norms and ideas affect the differences between the three practices. Existing norms and ideas affect how material and economic resources, mostly identic in all three practices, are used. Furthermore, monolinguistic norms seem to form hierarchical relations. Thus, we argue to develop translanguaging practices multilingual norms are important to develop.

This article is a reflection piece on the use of the futures cone and an expanded futures cone (which draws on queer theory) as a tool for dialogue and planning between the supervisor and the doctoral student. I do so by situating the use of this tool in relation to three supervision typologies: the product-orientated,process-orientatedand doctoral student-orientated approaches. I claim that it is an underused and highly versatile tool for doctoral supervision.

Sweden has seen a rise in homelessness alongside its strained housing market. References are increasingly being made to structural problems with housing provision, rather than individual issues. Housing has been organized through the local social services, which are responsible for supporting homeless people. With a foundation in housing studies, this article analyzes the Swedish social services’ challenges and actions in a time in which affordable housing is in shortage, and housing inequality a reality, through the lens of social services. The focus is on the intersection between the regular housing market and housing provision (primary welfare system), the social services needs‐tested support (secondary welfare system), and the non‐profit and for‐profit organizations (tertiary welfare system), with emphasis on the first two. The article is based on interviews with people working for the City of Malmö and illustrates how the housing shortage problem is moved around within the welfare system whilst also showing that social services’ support for homeless individuals appears insufficient. Social services act as a “first line” gatekeeper for those who have been excluded from the regular housing market. Moreover, recently implemented restrictions aim to make sure that the social services do not act as a “housing agency,” resulting in further exclusion from the housing market. The article highlights how the policies of the two welfare systems interact with and counteract each other and finally illustrates how homeless individuals fall between them. It highlights the need to link housing and homelessness in both research and practice to gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of housing markets and how homelessness is sustained.

Managing blood glucose can affect important clinical outcomes during the intraoperative phase of surgery. However, currently available instruments for glucose monitoring during surgery are few and not optimized for the specific application. Here we report an attempt to exploit an enzymatic sensor in a vein replica that could continuously monitor glucose level in an authentic human bloodstream. First, detailed investigations of the superficial venous systems of volunteers were carried out using ocular and palpating examinations, as well as advanced ultrasound measurements. Second, a tubular glucose-sensitive biosensor mimicking a venous system was designed and tested. Almost ideal linear dependence of current output on glucose concentration in phosphate buffer saline was obtained in the range 2.2-22.0 mM, whereas the dependence in human plasma was less linear. Finally, the developed biosensor was investigated in whole blood under homeostatic conditions. A specific correlation was found between the current output and glucose concentration at the initial stage of the biodevice operation. However, with time, blood coagulation during measurements negatively affected the performance of the biodevice. When the experimental results were remodeled to predict the response without the influence of blood coagulation, the sensor output closely followed the blood glucose level.

Women had difficulties entering sport arenas during the first half of the twentieth century, and in the media, sportswomen were often ridiculed or seen as beauty queens rather than athletes. Although women participated in competitive sport, little is known about how they handled and experienced their participation. This article analyses a life story interview with the Swedish gymnast Karin Lindberg Linden to highlight how a sportswoman perceived and handled her participation in competitive sport in a time when structures and norms marginalized women's participation. Women's sport history is complex and provides contradictory examples of women's involvement. Women were accepted in gymnastics - especially non-competitive gymnastics adapted for the female body - but they also competed. In the Swedish context, there were controversies between representatives of the traditional non-competitive Swedish (Ling) gymnastics and competitive gymnastics. This article shows how Karin experienced and negotiated her participation in competitions and how her participation in different forms of gymnastic practices led to travel opportunities and professional choices. The article is thus an attempt to nuance the history of women's participation in sport. Gender studies and the concept of 'new biography' grounds the analytical framework of this article.

The passive film stability on stainless steel can be affected by hydrogen absorption and lead to microstructure embrittlement. This work shows that the absorption of hydrogen results in surface degradation due to oxide reduction and ionic defect generation within the passive film, which decomposes and eventually vanishes. The passive film provides a barrier to entering hydrogen, but when hydrogen is formed, atomic hydrogen infuses into the lattices of the austenite and ferrite phases, causing strain evolution, as shown by synchrotron x-ray diffraction data. The vacancy concentration and hence the strains increase with increasing electrochemical cathodic po-larization. Under cathodic polarization, the surface oxides are thermodynamically unstable, but the complete reduction is kinetically restrained. As a result, surface oxides remain present under excessive cathodic polari-zation, contesting the classical assumption that oxides are easily removed. Density-functional theory calculations have shown that the degradation of the passive film is a reduction sequence of iron and chromium oxide, which causes thinning and change of the semiconductor properties of the passive film from n-type to p-type. As a result, the surface loses its passivity after long cathodic polarization and becomes only a weak barrier to hydrogen absorption and hence hydrogen embrittlement.

Urban labs are arenas for fostering urban sustainable transitions, where different actors experiment and learn together how to create inclusive and sustainable cities. A key aspect of these processes is social learning, which is the collaborative learning process through which new understandings and practices emerge from the activities of urban labs. Social learning also includes the process through which these understandings and practices are further anchored and can transform the organizations participating in urban labs. Social learning is seen as key to tackling polarization and creating transformational capacity at different levels. This article explores how social learning can strengthen urban labs’ democratic ambitions. Building on the insights emerging from a collaborative learning process with civil servants within an urban lab, it highlights the need for ensuring plurality and challenging privilege in social learning. It also emphasizes the importance of nurturing a listening capacity within urban labs and municipal organizations.

Oral transmucosal administration, where drugs are absorbed directly through the non-keratinized, lining mucosa of the mouth, represents a solution to drug delivery with several advantages. Oral mucosal equivalents (OME) developed as 3D in vitro models are of great interest since they express the correct cell differentiation and tissue architecture, simulating the in vivo conditions better than monolayer cultures or animal tissues. The aim of this work was to develop OME to be used as a membrane for drug permeation studies. We developed both full-thickness (i.e., connective plus epithelial tissue) and split-thickness (i.e., only epithelial tissue) OME using non-tumor-derived human keratinocytes OKF6 TERT-2 obtained from the floor of the mouth. All the OME developed here presented similar transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values, comparable to the commercial EpiOral™. Using eletriptan hydrobromide as a model drug, we found that the full-thickness OME had similar drug flux to EpiOral™ (28.8 vs. 29.6 µg/cm2/h), suggesting that the model had the same permeation barrier properties. Furthermore, full-thickness OME showed an increase in ceramide content together with a decrease in phospholipids in comparison to the monolayer culture, indicating that lipid differentiation occurred due to the tissue-engineering protocols. The split-thickness mucosal model resulted in 4–5 cell layers with basal cells still undergoing mitosis. The optimum period at the air–liquid interface for this model was twenty-one days; after longer times, signs of apoptosis appeared. Following the 3R principles, we found that the addition of Ca2+, retinoic acid, linoleic acid, epidermal growth factor and bovine pituitary extract was important but not sufficient to fully replace the fetal bovine serum. Finally, the OME models presented here offer a longer shelf-life than the pre-existing models, which paves the way for the further investigation of broader pharmaceutical applications (i.e., long-term drug exposure, effect on the keratinocytes’ differentiation and inflammatory conditions, etc.).

This study aims to explore police students’ self-rated mental health and physical activity levels and the relationship between them. Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional data (N = 722), two scales on mental health orientation were developed. The scales and levels of physical activity were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and X2. During police education, (1) the level of physical activity decreases for men, (2) there is a decline in positive health orientation for both sexes, and (3) women report a more negative health orientation. This raises questions regarding whether “enough” is done to provide police students with sufficient conditions for improving their health.

Across the different vernaculars of the world's urban majorities, there is renewed bewilderment as to what is going on in the cities in which they reside and frequently self-build. Prices are unaffordable and they are either pushed out or strongly lured away from central locations. Work is increasingly temporary, if available at all, and there is often just too much labour involved to keep lives viably in place. Not only do they look for affordability and new opportunities at increasingly distant suburbs and hinterlands, but for orientations, for ways of reading where things are heading, increasingly hedging their bets across multiple locations and affiliations. Coming together to write this piece from our own multiple orientations, we are eight researchers who, over the past year, joined to consider how variegated trajectories of expansion unsettle the current logics of city-making. We have used the notion of extensions as a way of thinking about operating in the middle of things, as both a reflection of and a way of dealing with this unsettling. An unsettling that disrupts clear designations of points of departure and arrival, of movement and settlement, of centre and periphery, of time and space.

The aim of this article is to describe a mindfulness- and acceptance-based intervention as it can be applied to athletes recovering from an acute injury. The intervention consists of two parts: (a) a web-based program where athletes are asked to engage in regular formal mindfulness practices, and (b) four sessions with a practitioner. The content of the intervention is described thoroughly, and I provide recommendations for practitioners who want to intervene with this group of athletes. A central point is to adapt the content of the intervention specifically to the rehabilitation context.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of the Mucosal Emergence Angle (MEA) with peri-implant tissue mucositis. Material and MethodsForty-seven patients with 103 posterior bone level implants underwent clinical and radiographic examination. Three-dimensional data from Cone Bean Computer Tomography and Optica Scan were transposed. Three angles were defined: MEA, Deep Angle (DA) and Total Angle (TA) and measured at six sites for each implant. ResultsThere was a significant correlation between MEA and Bleeding on Probing for all sites with an overall odds ratio of odd ratio 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.09, p < 0.001). Sites with MEA >= 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, and 70 degrees had a higher risk for bleeding with an odds ratio of 3.1, 5, 7.5, 11.4 and 33.55, respectively. When all 6 sites of an implant prostheses had MEA >= 40 degrees, the risk of having bleeding at all 6 sites was 9.5 times higher (95% CI 1.70-52.97, p = 0.010). ConclusionsMaintaining MEA no wider than 30 degrees-40 degrees is advisable, while the aim should be to keep this angle as narrow as clinically feasible. Registered in Thai Clinical Trials Registry: http://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20220204002

Background: Patients with intermittent claudication need lifelong treatment with secondary prevention to prevent cardiovascular events and progression of atherosclerotic disease. Illness perception, health literacy, self-efficacy, adherence to medication treatment, and quality of life are factors influencing patients' self-management. Knowledge of these factors could be important when planning for secondary prevention in patients with intermittent claudication.

Aim: to compare illness perception, health literacy, self-efficacy, adherence to treatment, and quality of life in in patients with intermittent claudication.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with 128 participants recruited from vascular units in southern Sweden. Data were collected through medical records and questionnaires regarding illness perception, health literacy, self-efficacy, adherence to treatment, and quality of life.

Results: In the subscales in illness perception, patients with sufficient health literacy reported less consequences and lower emotional representations of the intermittent claudication. They also reported higher self-efficacy and higher quality of life than patients with insufficient health literacy. In comparison between men and women in illness perception, women reported higher illness coherence and emotional representations associated with intermittent claudication compared to men. A multiple regression showed that both consequences and adherence were negative predictors of quality of life. When examining changes over time, a significant increase in quality of life was seen between baseline and 12 months, but there were no significant differences in self-efficacy.

Conclusion: Illness perception differs in relation to level of health literacy and between men and women. Further, the level of health literacy seems to be of importance for patients' self-efficacy and quality of life. This illuminates the need for new strategies for improving health literacy, illness perception, and self-efficacy over time. For example, more tailored information regarding secondary prevention could be provided to strengthen self-management to further improve quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication.

Although co-creation of artefacts is a common practice in virtual exchange (VE), there are still few studies that explore the connection between collaboration on multimodal texts and student teachers' development of intercultural and pedagogical awareness. Based on a trinational VE, coincidentally developed during the outbreak of the pandemic in March 2020, this case-study explores how COVID-19, as the impromptu context for VE, fostered preservice teachers' intercultural and pedagogical perspectives. Through a multiliteracies approach, findings indicate that co-creation both generated and scaffolded intercultural dialogue and that, the disruption caused by the pandemic was experienced by students as an expansive learning opportunity.

In vitro cultured 3D models of CRC have been demonstrated to hold considerable worth in drug discovery, drug resistance analysis, and in studying cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that occur in the tumor microenvironment. The 3D models resemble the in vivo physiological microenvironment by replicating the cell type composition and tissue architecture. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been investigated for use instead of antibodies against small non-immunogenic structures, such as sialic acid (SA). Glyco-conjugates including SA are present on all cells, and often deregulated on cancer cells. Here, we present a novel approach for targeting and detecting colorectal cancer cells (CRC) by using in vitro cultured HT29 3D spheroids co-cultured in vitro with either fluorescent MIPs targeting SA, SA-MIPs, or the two lectins targeting SA, MAL I, and SNA. Both formaldehyde-fixed and viable HT29 3D spheroids with or without SA-MIPs were imaged in 3D by confocal microscopy. The results revealed a preserved cell morphology and viability of the HT29 3D spheroids co-cultured in vitro with SA-MIPs. However, the lectins MAL I and SNA targeting the a-2,3 or a-2,6 SA glycosidic linkages, respectively, affected the cell viability when co-cultured with the viable HT29 3D spheroids, and no living cells could be detected. Here, we have shown that the SA-MIPs could be used as a safe and low-cost diagnostic tool for targeting and detecting cancer cells in a physiologically relevant 3D cancer model in vitro.

The biomechanical response of cortical and trabecular bone tissues represents a fundamental aspect for the interpretation of the functional response of dental implants. In the case of misfit, the interaction phenomena occurring within the surgical and the subsequent healing phases must be interpreted primarily in the light of the response of bone tissue. This is influenced by the specific loadings induced, characterized by intensity and variable trends. The pilot study reported, which intentionally refers to a simple case of a two-implants frame, is addressed to define the method to approach the biomechanical investigation of the problem and to attest the necessity to integrate clinical competences with biomechanical analysis for interpreting different aspects of osseointegration. The action induced in cortical and trabecular bone regions depending on the implant frame conformation, the surgical procedure adopted, the varying condition at the bone-implant interface and the evolutionary trend of healing are the principal aspects to be considered to evaluate the osseointegration process. The biomechanical reliability of the specific implant frame is investigated in terms of bone-implant interaction by means of numerical models. This approach can offer valid information and support clinical practice under the fundamental condition that bone biomechanical behavior is properly characterized and represented in the model, in spite of the complex formulation to be adopted.

This qualitative study explores student learning progression through reflective writing on a tertiary-level course in social work. The study is based on the content analysis of three sets of data: student reflective writing, instructor formative feedback on this writing, and student end-of-course reflections. Our findings demonstrate that structured, scaffolded reflection and continuous formative feedback stimulated learning progression, increased awareness of one’s own learning strategies, and supported the adoption of an explorative, reflective stance in students. Therefore, the experimental course design with several reflective tasks created the sought-after intersection of the academic and professional literacies. This design stimulated student engagement and resulted in high attendance. This design is particularly suitable in heterogeneous classrooms and promotes student inclusion and active learning.

This paper analyses how fans engage on Twitter with the 22 players in the starting line up during the week of the 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final. It explores fans' entangled representations of female professional footballers on Twitter from a postfeminist sensibility. Out of 200 tweets posted by the players during the day of the final and the week after, the research focuses on the 1468 fans replies to the 20 most engaged players' tweets. To facilitate this, we developed an analysis instrument called the 3Fs Spiral, which helps to disentangle the complex meanings of the fans' replies on Twitter. Results highlight the fans' entangled representations and the continuous flow of disruption and reinforcement of the gender order that emerge from them in a set of tweets. The decentralised nature of Twitter has the potential to slowly promote the change of dominant gender narratives and frames in female football.

Essän behandlar den offentliga bilden av Zlatan Ibrahimovic. Tesen jag driver är att sanningen om Zlatan är dold för oss. I så måtto handlar bilden av Zlatan mer om oss själva än om honom. 

The microstructural architecture of remodeled bone in the peri-implant region of screw implants plays a vital role in the distribution of strain energy and implant stability. We present a study in which screw implants made from titanium, polyetheretherketone and biodegradable magnesium-gadolinium alloys were implanted into rat tibia and subjected to a push-out test four, eight and twelve weeks after implantation. Screws were 4 mm in length and with an M2 thread. The loading experiment was accompanied by simultaneous three-dimensional imaging using synchrotron-radiation microcomputed tomography at 5 mu m resolution. Bone deformation and strains were tracked by applying optical flow-based digital volume correlation to the recorded image sequences. Implant stabilities measured for screws of biodegradable alloys were comparable to pins whereas non-degradable biomaterials experienced additional mechanical stabilization. Peri-implant bone morphology and strain transfer from the loaded implant site depended heavily on the biomaterial utilized. Titanium implants stimulated rapid callus formation displaying a consistent monomodal strain profile whereas the bone volume fraction in the vicinity of magnesium-gadolinium alloys exhibited a minimum close to the interface of the implant and less ordered strain transfer. Correlations in our data suggest that implant stability benefits from disparate bone morphological properties depending on the biomaterial utilized. This leaves the choice of biomaterial as situational depending on local tissue properties.

Background/aim: Primary teeth are frequently affected by traumatic dental injuries. Root fractures are rare and have a reported incidence of 2% in the primary dentition. Hence, there is limited evidence on this topic. This study aims to evaluate the risk of healing complications in primary teeth with root fracture and to identify possible sequelae in the permanent dentition following root fracture in the primary dentition.

Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of a cohort of 53 patients with 74 root fractured primary teeth. The standard follow-up program included clinical and radiographic examination after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after the trauma and when the patient was 6 years of age. The following complications were registered: pulp necrosis (PN), pulp canal obliteration (PCO), ankylosis with replacement root resorption (ARR), infection-related root resorption (IRR), premature tooth loss (PTL), and repair-related resorption (RRR).

Statistics: The Kaplan-Meier and Aalen-Johansen estimators were employed. The level of significance was 5%.

Results: A total of 74 teeth were included. 42 teeth were extracted at the initial examination. Risks estimated after 3 years: PTL 45.9% [95% CI: 28.8-63.0], PCO 12.9% [95% CI: 2.3-23.4], PN 14.9% [95% CI: 3.9-25.9], RRR 2.6% [95% CI: 0.0-7.5]. No teeth showed ARR or IRR. All complications were diagnosed within the first year. Most common sequelae in the permanent dentition was demarcated opacities, with an estimated risk of 20% [95% CI: 8.2-41.3].

Conclusions: There is a low risk of healing complications following a root fracture in the primary dentition. Root fractures often result in early extraction of the coronal fragment. The remaining apical fragment will undergo a physiological resorption. Aside from opacities, there is a low risk of sequelae in the permanent dentition.

PurposeReal estate is a capital-intensive industry for which the asset values tend to be highly volatile and uncertain. Transaction costs in the industry are therefore high, and transparency for investors may be low. The need to signal reliable estimates of property assets, in the communication to external stakeholders, can therefore be expected to be of extra importance in this sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how real estate firms use big four auditors to signal quality.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use Swedish firm level data containing all limited liability real estate companies in the country to determine the determinants of big four auditors. The data set consists of 34,306 observations and is analyzed through logit regressions.FindingsThe results show that big four companies are primarily contracted by large and mature companies, rather than new firms or firms with volatile financial records, although the latter could be expected to have a large need to signal quality. The authors also find that firms listed on the stock market and firms targeting public use real estate are more inclined to use big four companies.Originality/valueReal estate is a capital-intensive industry for which the asset values tend to be highly volatile and uncertain. Transaction costs in the industry are therefore high, and transparency for investors may be low. The need to signal reliable estimates of property assets, in the communication to external stakeholders, can therefore be expected to be of extra importance in this sector. No prior study of this area has been detected.