Although digitization has become a word that is almostsynonymous with democratization and citizen participation, manymuseums and other cultural heritage institutions have found it difficult to live up to this political vision of inclusivity and access for all.In Sweden, political ambitions to digitize the cultural heritage sectorare high. Yet, institutions still struggle to reconcile their previouspractices with new technologies and ethical guidelines for collecting and curating material. In this article we identify, analyse, andtry to find resolutions for the current gap that exists between cultural heritage practice and government policy on digitization, openaccess, and research ethics. By examining two Swedish examplesof Holocaust collections that have not been digitized because of internal policies of secrecy and confidentiality, we attempt to demonstrate how discourses about vulnerability affect the ways in whichcertain archival practices resist policies of accessibility and ethicalresearch. In order to unpack the discourses on vulnerability, Carol Bacchi’s post-structural approach to policy analysis has been usedtogether with Judith Butler’s theories on vulnerability and resistance. In addition to understanding how cultural heritage institutionsin Sweden have protected some of their collections and how thishas obstructed efforts to make these collections more accessible,we  also offer some suggestions on how these issues can be resolved by reimagining digitization as transformation.

Denna 'Scandia introducerar' presenterar inriktningen 'digital memory studies' inom det större forskningsfältet 'memory studies', men även hur den berör digital historia och mediahistoria. 

Genmäle i den pågående diskussionen mellan Malin Thor Tureby och Pontus Rudberg om svenk-judisk historieforskning (se Vol 31 No 1). 

Swedish Jews’ supposed inactivity over Europe’s persecuted Jews during the Holocaust has been a prevalent discourse during the post-war period. This article ponders the origins of that discourse and how it affects how and what Swedish Jews narrate about aid and relief work, and Jewish refugees and survivors, when recounting their memories from the 1930s and 1940s. This investigation also examines how previous research has addressed and represented the aid efforts of the Jewish minority in Sweden and discusses what new empirical knowledge about Swedish Jewish aid and relief work during the Holocaust we can ascertain by using oral history. Hence, it is also a contribution to the ongoing debate in the research field of ‘refugee studies’, initiated by the historians Philip Marfleet and Peter Gatrell, who emphasise both the importance of working with historical perspectives and asking questions about the sources at the disposal of historians and what sources they choose to work with when writing about aid, relief work and refugees.

This article is based on an empirical study of ‘the antifascist kick’ as a formative cultural practice in the history of transnational antifascism. It scopes from the 1930s and the era of opposition to classic fascism, through to the twenty-first century where antifascism encounters political processes of globalization, fragmentation, neoliberalism, and neofascism. The article discusses the ‘antifascist kick’ in different historical contexts, from 1930s Sweden to Germany and the United States today. The article reveals that ‘the antifascist kick’ works in various cultural directions: as a political conception of those who are only worth contempt, as a symbolic representation of the antifascist struggle, and as a practical instruction for how to treat fascists in the streets.

This chapter focuses on the final stage of the history of the Soviet Union, from 1985 to 1991, when the last Communist Party and Soviet state leader Mikhail Gorbachev tried to reform his country by making economic life more effective, widen the scope of political participation, open up history and culture for debate, and introduce a new, peaceful thinking in international affairs. Gorbachev wanted to save the Soviet system but ended up destroying it. His initially successful strategy of taking a middle-of-the road position to gain support worked well during the first years of reform, but the mid-position became successively narrower until it finally dissolved. Gorbachev’s increasingly desperate attempts to negotiate a new and revised union treaty led in 1991 to the failed August coup which, in turn, dealt the final death blow to the Soviet Union. By way of conclusion, political mistakes are often difficult to distinguish from failures caused by structural problems. As is illustrated by the case of Gorbachev and the Soviet Union, this is particularly salient in societies in which statist power and cultural patterns have traditionally played decisive roles in historical developments.

Why are there keep-fit races specifically for women? How were they established and why are they so popular? Are girls’ races good or bad if the goal is greater equality in sport? With this book, Karin S. Lindelöf and Annie Woube (both ethnologists working at the Centre for Gender Studies, Uppsala University) shed new light on girls’ races and their participants.

The history of sport shows how women have been excluded from major keep-fit events for paternalistic, sexist, and downright idiotic reasons. The pictures of Kathrine Switzer, who was forced to defend herself against an attack by a functionary to be able to finish the Boston Marathon in 1967, are iconic. In Sweden we have several examples of women who defied the ban on participating in the Vasaloppet ski race. Girls’ races (tjejlopp) should be understood in the light of this historical heritage – they are a response to exclusion mechanisms that were at first highly concrete, but they have additionally had a more subtle impact on the culture of keep-fit sporting events. Here, as in sport in general, men have often been the norm. In the girls’ races, it is the other way around. As Lindelöf and Woube ably demonstrate, this entails both a liberating element and a limiting image of women doing sports.

The hitchhikers guide to post-war EuropeRe-enactments on paper Hitchhiking is “an Americas contribution to world civilization which has been largely unexamined by historians” (Schlebecker 1957, 305). Dependent on automobile transportation it originated in the U. S., increased during the great depression and spread throughout Europe after the second world war, possibly inspired by American soldiers. (ibid, 321). In the early 50s begging for rides in Europe became popular among people looking for adventure and freedom. “Students, idealists, ex-soldiers and boy-scouts” as Hassner put it (1953, 28), travelled along routes that were often defined by a network of affordable youth-hostel where the travelers could make new acquaintances and meet friends along the way. In 1951 my father, then 19 years old went out on the road for the first time. His meticulously written diary, photographs and stamps in his passport tells the story of a young man thumbing his way through Germany, still in ruins, to a small island near Cannes where a group of mostly young people had formed a kind of collective. It also tells us something about both drivers and hitchhikers, were they came from and their occupations and motifs.To better understand my father’s experiences, I decided to edit his archival material by combining maps of each days route with selected excerpts from diaries and photographs on a chronological timeline. What I soon found out was that the result of this treatment became rather uninteresting and did not convey neither the sense of adventure nor the interaction with hitchhikers, drivers and locals. By creating (drawn) characters and using excerpts from the diary where action, interaction or reflection took place as script for additional comics pages, another narrative layer was added to the timeline, hence resulting in a fuller, more communicative story. Except from Schlebeckers  article, published in 1958 (one year after Kerouac’s On the Road) to my knowledge, little is to be found on the history of hitchhiking, especially regarding these early years in Europe.The presentation focus on how the additional comics pages (the second layer of narration) which for the most part lacked photographic references, were made and how they might have helped to form a better understanding of this history.

Link to the comic: Cykelfärden som blev en lift 1951 (in Swedish): http://www.seriekonst.se/?page_id=1709

This chapter discusses the story of how the growth of fascism in Sweden was thwarted by Social Democratic conventions in parliament. It focuses on joint research with Victor Lundberg. The chapter shows how young Social Democrats in Swedish local communities took part in fascist/anti-fascist political contest through meetings, demonstrations and confrontations in the streets. The historical origins of fascist mobilisation in Sweden stretches back to the beginning of the 1900s, forming a tradition of nationalistic and anti-Semitic agitation. Social Democratic Youth (SSU) was well organised, with local clubs all over the country, and divided into regional divisions. The chapter identifies three strategies within the SSU: counter-agitation, confrontation and isolation. International research emphasises both the variability and complexity of these confrontations, and their importance in shaping organisational cultures and views of both the political system and the role of government.

Monument och minnesplatser skapade av personer och organisationer i strid med eller utan godkännande från myndigheter är ett fenomen som finns på många olika platser och i olika kontexter. I artikeln benämns dessa platser som ”icke-auktoriserade minnesplatser”, men som tydliggörs i diskussionen är det ofta en flytande gräns där organisationer och rörelser på olika sätt kämpar för att låta sin minneskultur och minnesplatser ta utrymme i det urbana rummet. Ibland vill de skapa officiellt godkända minnesplatser men misslyckas, ibland skapas minnesplatser i direkt opposition och som en motståndshandling. Texten utgår från två empiriska exempel, Malmö och Buenos Aires i Sverige respektive Argentina.

Syftet är att undersöka hur sociala rörelser och organisationer på olika sätt använder minnesplatspraktiker för att mobilisera människor till stöd för sina samtida politiska krav, och hur samtida politiskt arbete sammanvävs med minneskultur. Det sker naturligtvis även på många andra sätt än genom minnesplatser i det fysiska rummet, och gränserna mot andra praktiker, såsom diskursiva interventioner, opinionsbildande och kampanjer i sociala medier är som vi ska se ofta flytande.

Undersökningen utmynnar i fyra resultat:

För det första att de icke-auktoriserade minnesplatserna ofta kan ha en radikal mobiliserande potential för de sociala rörelserna, särskilt när de inte förvisas till perifera platser eller kyrkogårdar. Genom att befinna sig i vardagen och på centrala platser i staden blir de återkommande påminnelser om det som hänt, och om de också kopplas till aktuella politiska projekt blir de påminnelser om vad som borde hända i framtiden. Det blir en kamp mot desmemoria genom att ockupera det urbana rummet.

För det andra, monumentens lokala och rumsliga karaktär. Även om vissa minnesplatspraktiker reproduceras och sprider sig över världen, som siluetterna skapade i el siluetazo, så är det som ”aesthetic takeover” av det urbana rummet de framför allt fyller en funktion. Det gör att minnesplatspraktiker behöver diskuteras och förstås som lokala urbana praktiker, vilka naturligtvis befinner sig i dialog med nationell och internationell inspiration.

För det tredje, hur icke-auktoriserade minnesplatser och de som skapar dem ständigt är inbegripna i en kamp för dess existens. Ofta tillkommer de i strid med lagar och regler för hur det urbana rummet får användas, och i konflikt med olika aktörers uppfattningar om vilka som får ta plats och bli synliggjorda i detsamma. Stad, stat och politiska motståndare kan i olika lägen försöka angripa och förstöra dem, och det händer också. Ibland är det regler och byråkratiska skäl, ibland medvetna försök att skapa icke-minne, desmemoria. Det är därför inte underligt att många sociala rörelser eftersträvar att få auktoriserade minnesplatser.

För det fjärde finns det hela tiden en flytande gräns mellan de auktoriserade och de icke-auktoriserade minnesplatserna. Att lyckas ta över institutioner och erövra platser ger ett större utrymme för de sociala rörelserna, det skapar större synlighet och påminner stadens invånare om rörelsens existens och politiska projekt.

Contemporary images of desirable work (for example at gaming companies or at one of the tech giants) foregrounds creativity and incorporates and idealises elements of play. Simultaneously, becoming one of the best in some particular leisure activity can require many long hours of hard, demanding work. Between on the one hand work and on the other hand leisure and play, we enter the domain of games and sports. Most classical sports originally developed from physical practices of moving the human body and these practices were, through standardization, organization and rationalization, turned into sports. Many sport researchers, (sport) historians and (sport) sociologists have pointed out that sports have gone through a process of “sportification”. Cross-country skiing is an example of an activity that has gone through a historical process of sportification, over time becoming progressively more managed and regulated. Computer games are today following a similar trajectory and have gone from being a leisure activity to becoming a competitive activity, “e-sports”, with professional players, international competitions, and live streams that are watched by tens of millions of viewers. In this paper we look at similarities between the sportification of cross-country skiing and e-sports. While there are many similarities, one important difference is that where classical sports (e.g. cross-country skiing) often originated in work-related practices (in this case forestry), the formation of new and emerging sports (for example e-sports) instead often originates in playful leisure activities. We will in this text show how sports and sportification processes can function as a lens with which to better understand the intersection of work and play, and well as their overlapping and hybrid albeit non-mutually exclusive combinations; laborious play and playful work.

In design theory, we often come across scholarly efforts that seek to define design as a unique discipline and to characterize it as a distinct category of practice, with its own epistemology in that it differs from sciences, arts and humanities (Cross, N. 2011. Design Thinking: Understanding How Designers Think and Work. Oxford: Berg.; Dorst, K. 2015. Frame innovation: Create New Thinking by Design. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Nelson, H. G., and E. Stolterman. 2012. The Design Way: Intentional Change in an Unpredictable World. The MIT Press.; Redström, J. 2017. Making Design Theory. MIT Press.). Although such efforts are helpful in teasing forward the nature of design epistemologies and practices, we question them by critically engaging with epistemic paradigms informing design education, its structural forms, origins and purposes, historically, while suggesting the time has come to reevaluate design’s relationships with other epistemological traditions, including the sciences and humanities. We unpack history of design education, in order to problematize what we have come to view as overly schematized epistemological distinctions, most notably the asserted opposition between (what Schön calls) technical rationality and an alternative epistemology broadly linked to pragmatism and/or phenomenology. We do so by offering a genealogy of design education showing that since the nineteenth century, design programmes have continuously, if diversely, taught novice designers, methods, crafts, and attitudes that reflect diverse epistemological traditions. Theorists and educators of design have a shared interest in balancing the needs to appreciate and help develop that which is distinctive of design and also to build upon design’s rich epistemological connections to the sciences and humanities. Whereas the former helps the field improve its abilities to contribute to society, the latter provides many of the theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical resources that make such contributions possible.

A common topic of discussion among baseball historians is the question whether baseball is the ancestor of rounders or not. In order to shed new light on this debate, historians need to expand the limited knowledge about the old bat-and-ball games of Continental Europe in order to develop a more cogent consideration of the origins of baseball. Traditional European bat-and-ball games, known by names such as 'longball', schlagball, meta, palant or lapta, have been overlooked in previous studies on the roots of baseball. By comparing variants of this game and baseball, as described by Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths in the late eighteenth century, resemblances and connections between English bat-and-ball games and counterparts in Continental Europe are highlighted.

This chapter looks at how globalization has affected and shaped the domestic elite level male football cultures of Scandinavia since the game turned more professional in the region. By drawing on empirical examples from the recent histories of Norwegian, Swedish and, to a lesser extent, Danish football, the authors analyse how the sporting cultures of these countries have changed since the 1970s. The amateur ideologies which had previously dominated football in Scandinavia faded during a period when influences from international and especially professional English football intensified. These influences stretched from playing styles to spectator cultures. While these influences initially made clubs and teams from Scandinavia more competitive in international football, the ‘hypercommodification’ which has dominated top level European football in the new millennium has to a large extent affected Scandinavian football in a negative way in term s of sporting competitiveness. Simultaneously the authors argue that global influences have injected significant fuel and new energy to the spectator cultures evident in a large number of Scandinavian football club communities.

Den här boken är en direkt fortsättning på Thomas Lindkvists och Maria Sjöbergs Det svenska samhället 800–1720 och behandlar framväxten av det moderna Sverige. Denna skildras i två större tidsavsnitt, benämnda ”Böndernas tid” (1720–1866) och ”Arbetarnas tid” (1866–2018). Beteckningarna är valda för att poängtera de grupper som socialt, politiskt, ekonomiskt och kulturellt var betydande för samhällsutvecklingen under dessa perioder. Författarna skildrar utvecklingen från både klass- och könsperspektiv. Denna sjätte upplaga av boken är reviderad och uppdaterad.

The article examines Simon Wiesenthal’s life-long preoccupation with the Holocaust, by using Paul Ricoeur’s discussion of the two modes of dealing with the past – those of ‘memory’ and ‘history’ respectively – as a point of departure. Nevertheless, the article aims to approach the varying forms and expressions of this preoccupation in an integrated fashion, analyzing it as different means of achieving one and the same purpose: giving a public ‘collective testimony’ of the Holocaust. Departing from Wiesenthal’s own experiences, as well as testimonies of how the events of the Holocaust affected his own larger family, and testimonies of events taking place in his original Heimat – the area of Eastern Galicia that he stemmed from – Wiesenthal’s work in collecting testimonies of Nazi crimes gradually aggregated into a special form of ‘collective testimony’ of the Holocaust.

The 1976 Swedish landmark law on workplace democracy, Medbestämmandelagen (MBL), has traditionally been regarded as a victory of social democracy over recalcitrant employers. In contrast, this article shows how, in fact, before the law, the Swedish Employers’ Confederation (SAF) was the main driver behind Swedish research on work life reform, and the main promoter of employer-union dialogue on the matter. Crucially, in the 1960s, SAF endorsed the internationally pioneering thinking of economist Eric Rhenman, who argued that conflict within the firm between managers and unions was unavoidable, healthy, and could be good for business if framed in a productive manner. Today, this line of management thinking is termed the Scandinavian Cooperative Advantage. However, in the early 1970s, Swedish social democracy radicalized abruptly. The SAF board initially interpreted the new radicalism as a masquerade to appease activists. SAF assumed that, behind the scenes, the Swedish spirit of consensus-oriented labour market dialogue would prevail, as it had since the 1938 Saltsjöbaden agreement. And assuredly, the actual effects of the MBL law proved to be considerably less radical than advertised, and broadly compatible with Rhenman’s thinking. Still, social democracy’s new ideological rhetoric helped prompt SAF’s late 1970s shift from cooperation to conflict.

Genealogy can be described as a way of linking the past to the present using genealogical and historical records to establish a lineage that connects present people with those who came before them. It’sa way of linking oneself and one’s family to history through archives and ancestry. In that way, genealogy can create a unique, personalized experience of historicity and a sense of historical identity. What is characteristic of genealogy is thus the use of history to create meaning in the present.Genealogy is a cultural practice that both uses and produces cultural heritage, ie historical knowledge inherited from past generations, which is maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. This definition places the phenomenon of genealogical research in the humanities, making it a legitimate object of study for scholars based in history and heritage studies, among other fields. According to public historian Jerome de Groot, genealogy as a form of historical knowledge is largely untheorized (de Groot 2015). This article is an attempt to draw attention to some of the many ways genealogy can be understood and discussed.

"The European Champions" depicts the national teams that have won the European Championship in football since 1980: the teams’ road to victory, their stars, style and crucial matches. The book provides a wealth of football history and thoughts on the contemporary development of the game, but at the same time each triumphant team is discussed in relation to the country’s national identity. Perhaps the European Championship constitutes the largest therapeutic arena for the pan-European healing of the traumas from the Second World War.

In 2016, I edited "Europamestrene", an anthology exploring the history of the Men's European Championship in Football. In my own contribution to this volume, I looked towards the future: What is needed by the Danish national football team to once again become a strong competitor among the best teams internationally? This chapter discusses how to upgrade “The Red Thread”, the Danish development strategy in football. Based on advanced international research in high performance, current trends and lessons are analyzed and suggestions are made as to how to meet the challenges so that Denmark again can win international titles.

In 1981, a prominent delegation of financiers, politicians and academics from North America, Western Europe and Japan arrived in Beijing. The purposes of their visit were to strengthen dialogue with the Chinese leadership, open up China to foreign investments and to consolidate the fraction in the Communist Party that reintroduced capitalism in Chinese society. Led by David Rockefeller, the delegation had talks with Deng Xiaping, China’s de facto leader, among other Chinese leaders. This book chapter studies the circumstances surrounding the visit, the meetings that took place in China, the special role of David Rockefeller, and the results of the visit.

In 1973, David Rockefeller and Zbigniew Brzezinski formed the Trilateral Commission, an elite network consisting of influential people in politics, finance and business from North America, Western Europe and Japan. This research monography is based on extensive research in archives of the Commission, its benefactors (including the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund) and collaborators (which included the US government, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund). The book argues that governance and diplomacy takes place in overlapping elite networks that fuses formal and informal spheres across national borders.

A collection of contributions on the New Diplomatic History-approach. 

An introduction to a collection of contributions on the "New Diplomatic History"-approach.

The current article explores how political changes in the past 130 years have shaped and reshaped three major museums in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The overall aim is to describe structural processes of national museum building in BiH and the ways the museological representation of history is connected to state and nation making and to political transitions and crises. The analysed museums are the National Museum of BiH, the History Museum of BiH, and the Museum of the Republic of Srpska. The source material analysed consists of the directories and the titles of exhibitions; secondary material, which describes previous exhibitions; and virtual museum tours.

The article illustrates that during the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, which established the National Museum in 1888, the museum played an important part in the representation of Bosnian identity (bosnjastvo). After World War II, in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, all three analysed museums were summoned to interpret the past in accordance with the guidelines of the communist regime. Since the 1990s, a highly ethnicized process of identity building and of the musealization of heritage, and history permeates all three museums analysed here. When it comes to the central exhibition-themes following the 1990s war, one could conclude that whereas the National Museum and the History Museum highlight the recent creation of an independent BiH and ostracize BIH-Serbs, the Museum of the Republic of Srpska asserts the ostensible distinctiveness of the Republic of Srpska and excludes the narratives about BiH as a unified and independent nation-state. If an agreement about the future of BiH and its history is to be reached, a step towards multi-vocal historical narratives has to be made from both sides.

Avhandlingen är en fallstudie som undersöker praktiker av klass och kön hos kapitalägare i Sverige under perioden 1918-1939, utifrån exempel från två av tidens mäktigaste familjer: Broström och Wehtje. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är ett försök att ur ett intersektionellt perspektiv förena en klassanalys utifrån Eric Olin Wrights modell med Bourdieus begrepp socialt och kulturellt kapital, kombinerat med analyser av genus framför allt inspirerade framför allt av Raewyn Connells begrepp hegemonisk maskulinitet och analyser av rasism utifrån Robert Miles begrepp rasifiering. Det undersökta materialet utgörs i huvudsak av personliga brev och affärskorrespondens vilka analyserats i en kvalitativ textanalys.

Undersökningens har fyra centrala teoretiska poänger. För det första att klass är svårt att definiera utifrån kulturella kriterier, då variationen i kulturella praktiker gör att gruppen kapitalägare framstår som svårfångad och motsägelsefull. Istället argumenteras för en uppdelning i klass som position, som i linje med Wrights modell definieras utifrån relationen till produktionsmedlen, och klass som praktik vilket undersöks utifrån Bourdieus kapitalmetafor.

Undersökningens andra poäng är att lyfta fram spännvidden i de maskulinitetspraktiker som blir synliga i materialet, något som bekräfta Demetriakis Demetrious utveckling av begreppet hegemonisk maskulinitet till att förstås som ett hegemoniskt block, där de maskulinitetsuttryck som knyts till gruppen kapitalägare förstås som föränderliga och motsägelsefulla.

En tredje poäng är att lyfta fram begreppet moralisk ekonomi som ett redskap för att fånga in de motsägelsefulla praktiker och normsystem som styrde kapitalägarnas ekonomiska agerande. Undersökningen betonar också den emotionella dimension som kapitalägarna gav uttryck för i relation till teknik och administration, något som understryker behovet av att analysera hur känslor och normer påverkar ekonomiska överväganden.

En fjärde poäng berör det handlingsutrymme som kvinnor hade inom familjerna, där undersökningen visar att även om en genushierarki som premierade underordnade femininitetskonstruktioner upprätthölls, så fanns det ett visst utrymme för självständigt agerande och alternativ kvinnligheter från några av de här undersökta kvinnorna.

Private transnational anti-communist networks were crucial in containing international communism during the Cold War. In the Nordic countries, social democratic oriented trade union representatives allied themselves with American counterparts – who had both relations to the state and secret services – in an effort to detain/suppress the local communists.

I studien belyses de sätt utbildnings- och kursplaner för sjuksköterskeutbildningar vid Högskolan Kristianstad reglerar utbildningen. Studien syftar till att beskriva socialisering- sprocesser, förändringar i kunskapssynen och de sätt styrdokumenten definierat det normerande sjuksköterskesubjektet under perioden 1977-2012. Utgångspunkten är att en viktig del i högskolepedagogisk forskning är analysen av dokumentstyrningsprocesser. Genom att sätta styrdokumenten i ett historiskt sammanhang visar jag på de sätt styrdokumenten reglerar högskoleutbildningar och de sätt olika samhällsförändringar påverkar sjuksköterskeutbildningar. Analysen visar att sjuksköterskeutbildningarnas längd, struktur och antagningskrav har varierat under den analyserade perioden. Utbildningen har sedan Sveriges inträde i EU påverkats av internationella strömningar i allmänhet och EU-direktiv och lagar i synnerhet. Forskningsanknytningen har fått en allt mer framträdande plats i utbildningen och arbetsintegrerat lärande har allt sedan 1980-talets början inbegripit inte- grering av forskning, vetenskapligt förankrat arbetssätt, utbildningens teoretiska och praktiska delar och arbetslivserfarenheter.

Det normerande sjuksköterskesubjektet har i ökad utsträckning fyllts med diskursiva krav på självreflektion, självbedömning, självutveckling, livslångt lärande, självständighet, serviceinriktat beteende, analytisk förmåga och ekonomisk resursmedvetenhet liksom kunskaper om så kallat helhetsperspektiv.

Omdrejningspunktet i den danske koldkrigsdebat er som regel den østlige trussel mod og påvirkning af Danmark. Ikke desto mindre blev Danmark via Marshallhjælpen og NATO-medlemskabet tidligt integreret i den vestlige alliance. Særligt fra USA kom de udenlandske impulser som var med til for alvor at forme vores samfund: produktivitet og forbrugerisme, klassesamarbejde og antikommunisme, frihandel og europæisk integration. I bogen gives der for første gang på dansk et indblik i hvordan Den Kolde Krig blev foregrebet og udkæmpet på fagforeningsniveau. Og hvordan danskerne blev tæt allieret med en gren af den amerikanske fagbevægelse der – bistået af CIA – organiserede hemmelige efterretningsoperationer og splittede den internationale fagbevægelse. Bogen flytter fokus fra det traditionelle diplomatisk-statslige plan til ikke-statslige aktører og blander politisk historie med analyser af kulturmødet danskerne og amerikanerne imellem. Den afrundes af et efterskrift hvor amerikaniseringsbegrebet sættes til debat.

The study explores the history of three national and regional museums in Bosnia and Herzegovina, how museums contribute to the construction of national and other identities through collections, selections and classifications of objects of interest and through historical narratives. Bosnia and Herzegovina has had a turbulent history and it is for that reason interesting to examine changes in representations of the region and its history over time. The analysis covers the period between 1880s and 2010 ant thus shows how history is constructed and represented in the period from the establishment of first museums to the period after the break-up of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the begging of the 1990s. Like in many other countries museums function as institutions that safeguard a group´s cultural heritage and significant narratives about groups´ past. The legacy of the past is through museums made available to larger audience and they are an important force in the formation of collective identities. The notion of museum as a cartographic space of national history, a space for the preservation of cultural and natural (different forms of material) artefacts and as a part of political struggle to define a group or different groups are starting point of this analysis. Museums form and reproduce the idea of common identity, history and geographic boundaries, plus, and this is important to bear in mind, educate and mobilize the population. In this context, the analysis of national museums makes it possible to call attention the impetus of museums and the processes of nation-building at work. Questions which are given the attention in this study are: • How is ‘ourness’ (i.e. national identity) constructed and shaped in national/regional museums in Bosnia and Herzegovina? • Which identities have been articulated during the history of museums?