After consolidation following the Second World War, the Yugoslav regime began modernising thecountry and transforming means of production, which resulted in a fragile economy and increasinglabour surplus. The reforms coincided with economic development and increasing demand formigrant workers in several countries in the western hemisphere. Consequently, the migration ofYugoslav labour emerged and expanded for more than a decade. This article discusses developmentsconditioning and sustaining Yugoslav labour migration and Yugoslav workers’ labour marketperformance in industrial countries of Western Europe. This article draws on empirical literatureand theoretical understandings of labour migration merged with the perception of temporariness oflabour migrants’ relocation. The article argues that Yugoslav workers’ labour market performancein Western Europe was an outcome of interactions between driving forces of Yugoslav labourmigration, practices of its main agents, and the surrounding socioeconomic contexts. 

This study uses digital text analysis, focusing on LDA topic modeling, to conduct a historical investigation of the relationship between the concepts of nature and culture found in the pages of the official magazine of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The UNESCO Courier, between 1948 and 2020. The relationship between the concepts of nature and culture has historically been at the core of concerns about the environment and sustainability; Courier offers a means of charting a global conversation on these concepts. After presenting the corpus and our methods, the paper documents three approaches to LDA topic modeling that we have tested, through which we seek to make topic modeling useful for the field of conceptual history. Our empirical findings suggest that the concepts of nature and culture have come to be increasingly close over the course of the last six decades, while the stakes of the very distinction between the concepts have changed radically. Our methodological tests support the argument that topic modeling can be a valuable tool for conceptual history, albeit one that must be handled with care.

Föredraget utgår från ett enkelt antagande: även vi som inte tror på UFOn borde ta dem på allvar eftersom berättelser om UFOn kan säga oss mycket om livet på jorden. UFO-frågan kan t.ex. belysa politiska och kulturella konflikter, särskilt när den behandlas utifrån ett historiskt perspektiv. Religionsvetaren Martin Lund vid Malmö Universitet diskuterar några av dessa konflikter i relation till forskning om bl.a. konspirationsteorier.

In the study presented in this article, the aim is to further the understanding regarding the differences between pupils (aged 15-16) from schools with low or high socio-economic status (SES), regarding the amount and diversity of content knowledge in history that they have acquired by the end of compulsory schooling. Following a definition of historical content knowledge, we situate the concept in relation to other aspects of the history school subject. This is done to visualize historical content knowledge's central role in more complex aspects of the subject. The empirical material used in the study is pupils' responses on both selected and constructed response items on the Swedish national test in history. In the study, a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches is used. The results show not only that pupils in low-SES schools provide fewer examples of historical content knowledge. We can also establish that the historical content knowledge of pupils from high-SES schools represents several perspectives while there are few perspectives present in the responses from pupils in low-SES schools. The results are used to discuss how the differences between pupils in low- and high-SES schools may affect their possibilities for educational success and active participation in society.

On May 14, 1931, Swedish military forces opened fire and killed four striking pulp factory workers and one bystander during a demonstration in the municipality of Lunde, in the Ådalen district outside of Kramfors in northern Sweden. The killings sent shock waves through the Swedish labor movement and significantly contributed to the Social democratic win in the general elections the next year.

The concept of connective memory highlights how memories are shaped by connections between people, objects, media, and institutions. It derives from the growing discussions on how technological and digital developments affect contemporary memory culture and, in particular, from Andrew Hoskins’ conceptualization of a “connective turn” and a “new memory ecology.” Connective memory is both a methodological and an analytical tool as it inspires memory studies to explore memory by tracing and analyzing how different interactional trajectories intersect with and compete against each other. The concept is thusly designed to challenge ideas of “individual memories” and the binaries of individual and collective and active and passive. Even though the concept of connective memory is closely tied to technological and digital developments, it is important to note that it inspires memory research to investigate both online and offline connections. Connective memory has also been an influential concept in José van Dijck’s more wide-ranging conceptualization of a “culture of connectivity.” Her conceptualization not only engages with remembering but also deals with the connected society as a whole, and it provides a critical perspective on technology and social media platforms.

For more than two years we were involved in a collaborative process with the aim of finding out how sharing life stories could ensure “the right to the city” in Malmö, Sweden. This process led to the formation of the Gathered Voices of Malmö, an association for social justice oral history that strives to become a community archive. This article is about how sharing authority was interpreted collectively in the collaborative process when it could not be directly translated into Swedish, and how those interpretations reflect back on sharing authority as an intellectual development. Drawing upon documents created during the collaborative process and interviews with our coparticipants, we revisit what we learned, including our rereading of sharing authority’s genealogy through project-based research. As participants in, and then analysts of, that process, we learned that our trouble with translating sharing authority was not only linguistic, but also had to do with how the approach might conceal community-embedded ways of working, instead normalizing participatory practices which center research rather than community as the primary sphere in which important learnings are made. We suggest that a deeper consideration of the differences between “a shared authority” and “sharing authority” could help us avoid making participation the best practice.

In July 2020, two Holocaust memorials disappeared from a Jewish cemetery in Stockholm where Holocaust survivors who died soon after coming to Sweden for medical treatment in 1945 are buried. Though it occurred in the midst of both the global #TakeItDown movement and the Swedish government’s plans to establish a Holocaust museum in Sweden, this removal garnered no media attention or public outcry. Moreover, it was not, as might be expected, a case of antisemitic vandalism but a planned removal by the Jewish Community in Stockholm. This chapter takes this unexpected example of contested spaces of memory and heritage as a point of departure to consider and reflect on how ‘dead survivors’ of Nazism buried in Sweden have been commemorated. The analysis considers three Swedish cemeteries by delving into the sites’ past and present, the presence and absence of monuments and other forms of memorialization and contextualization, and how these aspects relate to the discursive and historiographical treatment of victims of Nazi persecution who came to Sweden in both historical and contemporary contexts, particularly in relation to issues of gender, place, and identity and belonging. 

Over the past three years, the Western world has seen many conflicts aroundhistory. Statues have been torn down, anniversaries have been debated, historical figureshave been re-evaluated, and many have begun to question or defend their own nationalhistorical narrative. Social media has heightened the debate, with antagonists engaging infierce and usually not very nuanced debates on Twitter and Facebook. In this text, we try tobuild a digital historical didactic framework for how teachers can work with controversialhistory in the multi-cultural classroom by using social media as a resource. Through ananalysis of second order concepts such as significance, historical perspective, and historicalempathy based on a historical cultural perspective and with the use of history in focus, wehope that teachers in the classroom will be able to contribute to increased interculturalcompetence. In a final example, we analyze how people with different backgrounds anddifferent purposes in a thread on Twitter debate the history behind the celebration ofColumbus Day in a city in the USA.

In this chapter we trace the journey of the Polish Research Institute (PIZ) archive at Lund University Library from the making of the archive at Lund, to its deposition at the Hoover Institution Archives at Stanford University, to its return to Lund University Library, and its early digitization. Studying this archival journey, we specifically engage with a set of different ethical dilemmas that have been involved in these each of these processes and spatialities. We suggest that the collection and creation of the archive until the point of digitization has been a history of contested spaces and this journey has involved the creation and maintenance of different kinds of ‘vulnerabilities'.

This anthology is the result of an international workshop with the aim to initiate new discussions and new research on cultural heritage – contested as well as uncontested. The workshop was held at the Department of Society, Culture and Identity at Malmö University, in October 2022. Contested heritage, sometimes also referred to as “dissonant heritage” or “difficult heritage” has been discussed, explored and studied by cultural heritage scholars from various disciplines over the last two decades. However, there is still limited knowledge about what contested or dissonant heritage is. How, when and by whom heritage can be contested and how it is related to or understood in relation to uncontested heritage are also unresolved questions. The contribution of this anthology thus falls at an intersection between the process-perspectives of critical heritage studies of cultural heritage, the empirical-historical studies of power and agency in social and cultural history (after the archival turn), and the conceptual fields that examine the use of history and history mediation. It rests firmly on the collective expertise drawn from historians and other scholars, at different stages of their careers, from researchers with theoretical proficiency as well as practical experience from cultural heritage work, both within and outside of traditional cultural heritage institutions. The result, if not a comprehensive rendering, is a range of multifaceted insights into research on why and how cultural heritage can be both contested and (un)contested.

The rapidly growing popularity of Christian Seders in recent years has been accompanied by the equally rapid emergence of a genre of “how-to” guides that tell celebrants, among other things, how to structure their evenings – what to do and when – and how Jesus is supposed to be understood to have fulfilled the hopes and promises embedded in the Seder and Haggadah. This paper positions the genre as a social phenomenon tied to a process of authentication, through which Christian Seders are simultaneously re-positioned as a form of authentically Christian practice and legitimized as such over and against ongoing critiques that the practice is an appropriative and supersessionist one. The paper maps and discusses recurring elements in the guides and analyzes their shared symbols, ideas, and objects to highlight the major constituent parts of supersessionist rhetorics of authenticity about Christian Seder practices. Using a critical form of social semiotics, the analysis highlights how guide-authors navigate both the modal affordances of traditionally Jewish practice and narrative and an historically Christian epistemological framework in their commitment to suturing them into a newly-fabricated and artificially-aged whole. This suturing is an appropriative process that often requires overexplicit Christian or Christianizing anchoring of core semiotic resources for Christian Seders to be legitimized. As historically conceived, neither Seders nor, for example, the conception of Jesus as the Paschal lamb or as Jewish, allow for easy cross-cultural translation; both modalities need to be actively shaped for any claim that they are related to be made. This shift, or suturing, may entail linking the New Testament last supper to the Passover meal or convincing readers how an element of the Seder should be understood to symbolize something Christian, often Easter-related. This is neither a neutral nor self-evident reframing of the Seder; how-to guides allow socially situated, often but not exclusively white US American Evangelical Protestants, to name and claim a Jewish practice as their own in a dual sense: on the one hand, they demonstrate the practice for newcomers and, on the other, justify, legitimize, and mark it as authentic.

In this keynote I will discuss how persons who have experienced and survived the Nazi persecution and genocide have worked to keep the memory of their and others experiences alive. Drawing from different collecting initiatives, of memories, testimonies and stories, during the last 80 years, by and from Holocaust survivors, I will explore and discuss the role that survivors have played in the development of memory culture and historical research.

The purpose of this thesis is to highlight young people’s experiences of forced migration along irregular migration routes and to examine how they understand themselves in relation to different contexts in time and space. The participants consist of young people with experience of forced migration and of being categorized as ”ensamkommande barn” (unaccompanied minors) upon arrival in Sweden. Using oral and written sources, the thesis explores what and how they remember.  The theoretical perspectives are connected by movement as an overarching metaphor. Movement refers to the physical movements made by the participants as well as the assumption that movement characterizes the process of remembering. This is connected to oral history theory and method and the exploration of the past as well as the relationship between past and present in everyday lives. The thesis also leans on several theoretical perspectives from cultural memory studies, which highlight the process in which an individual memory is shaped and reshaped depending on social context and over time. In order to explore how the participants remember different places and times, from origin to destination, a systems approach to migrant trajectories has been applied as a heuristic tool.

The analysis shows that there are shared historical contexts despite the fact that the participants make a heterogenous group. During the period of investigation, migration to and within Europe has been characterized by restrictions and control. This means that the participants have travelled via irregular routes, and they have been confronted with strict border controls. When the participants arrived in Sweden, migration policy underwent significant changes that led to consequences for the participants themselves. Furthermore, those labelled ”ensamkommande barn” were at the center of the migration policy debate in the wake of the so called ”refugee crisis” in 2015. An important conclusion in this dissertation is that to a large extent, movements in time and space have led to a development of how the participants understand themselves. In addition to movements over time, shifts in social contexts bring changes to what and how the participants remember. To conclude, this thesis contributes to research on ”ensamkommande barn” as it illuminates the different ways in which the participants understand themselves and experience a sense of belonging. Another contribution is the thesis' approach to historical contextualization and the understanding of the participants as actors in relation to larger historical change.

This thesis studies the relationship between history and nationalism as expressed by the political parties the Sweden Democrats and the Danish People's Party. The study focuses on how the Sweden Democrats and the Danish People's Party convey historical narratives in their party magazines, SD-Kuriren and Dansk Folkeblad, respectively, and in central party documents. The narrative theory being implemented is based primarily on the ideas of Paul Ricœur, Jörn Rüsen and David Carr. More specifically, their ideas about how people use historical narratives to understand and make meaning of their existence. The importance of a story's content resonating with its recipients, that is being able to recognize and decode the intended meaning of the story, is discussed using nationalism theory and a history didactic framework, the latter with a focus on historical culture. 

The results show that the historical narratives deployed by the Sweden Democrats and the Danish People’s Party exist at different levels. On the one hand, there are overarching stories that appear when the main narrative is put together. On the other hand, there are smaller narratives that are both part of and relate to the main narratives in different ways. Four main themes can be read in the historical narratives of the Sweden Democrats and the Danish People's Party. These motifs follow the chronology of the main narratives and form the basis of the disposition of the thesis. They consist, in turn, of origin stories, conquests and defeats, friends and enemies, and welfare stories. 

The Sweden Democrats' and the Danish People's Party's approach to history is both legitimizing and purposeful. Based on a narrative grammar, guided by the nationalist core doctrine, interpretations of the past are filtered to become part of their meaning-making practices. In their historical narratives, key symbols of historical culture are used to point out the importance of acting in the present for the future. Through a set of narrative strategies, they use history to indicate what they believe is wrong in contemporary social development, and how this fault may be corrected.  

In the late 19th century, football entered Sweden's coastal cities, such as Malmö, Halmstad and Gothenburg. The sport grew quickly, and the Swedish Football Association (SvFF) was founded in 1904. In the following decades, the popularity of football increased and in the 1950s it was perceived as the national sport of Sweden. However, at that time the sport was non-professional and in practice only for men. In order to keep up with hardening international competition, SvFF overturned the amateur regulations in 1967. Professionalisation was slow due to the lack of revenue but accelerated for male players after the Bosman ruling in 1995. Women's football developed gradually from the 1960s and in 1972 a national league organised by SvFF was formed. Youth football also grew substantially. Despite the differences in resources football became well-established amongst both men and women. However, the tensions between idealism, voluntarism and inclusion on the one hand, and commercialism, professionalism and selection, on the other hand, remain. This is best exemplified by the 51% rule, which states that clubs must be majority-owned by the members. This is hailed by some as a guarantee for democratic football, while others argue that it restricts clubs’ financial development.

During the last three decades of the 20th century Swedish immigrant policy went through a profound change. In the late 1960s immigrant policy were based on assimilation but during the 1970’s and 1980’s this policy was exchanged to multicultural guidelines. These multicultural guidelines were however abandoned in the late 1990s when integration became a key word in the debate about immigrants.  This thesis investigates how these changes were made possible by a shifting understanding of immigrants in state and local discourse (the last represented by Malmö municipality) by operationalizing Carol Lee Bacchis What’s the problem represented to be analysis. 

Previous research has shown that the social category of immigrants during the first six decades of the 20th century understood immigrants as a threat towards the Swedish race and later the welfare state. From this perspective immigrant policy can be seen as the result of the creation of a problematized immigrant subject, a tendency that is also the case for later decades. The investigation shows that immigrants in the early 1970’s were mainly understood from a class and welfare perspective. During this period immigrants were seen as a threat towards the social cohesion of the welfare state as well as the social democratic ambitions of a raised standard of living for the working class. This understanding led to the development of a multicultural policy where immigrant culture was supported within state and local politics and by structural changes in the education system, aiming to include the category in civic life and improve their living conditions. 

 In the years between 1976 and 1985 the understanding of immigrants however changed. During this period immigrants became increasingly problematized for their lack of employment and a cultural difference. During the end of this period the multicultural policy changed from an emphasis on culture as a resource for social inclusion to that some parts of of a Swedish identity were not subject of choice. Furthermore, this period also lead to increased efforts at the individual level, were the policy aimed to give individual immigrants increased chances at the labor market. 

During the last fifteen years the 20th century immigrant policy became increasingly politicized, and immigrants became understood as radically culturally different from swedes. In this period immigrant culture were constructed as oppressive towards women and outdated when compared to the modern Swedish culture. Furthermore, the notion of immigrants as unemployed from previous decades continued to play an important part and immigrants were also conceived as living segregated. This view resulted in the creation of integration policies aiming to not handle immigrants as a from the general population different group. Instead, immigrants should become integrated in Swedish society through the general welfare with an emphasis that not all parts of a Swedish identity were choose able.

The result of the investigation show that European culture became increasingly normative in the development of Swedish migrant policy, thus excluding European immigrants from the problematized immigrant subject. Thereby the globalization of migration towards Sweden led to a development were immigrant policy shifted focus from class to cultural perspectives. 

The growth of sports and the increasing levels of participation, performance, and international competition are undeniable. This development has undoubtedly contributed to the tremendous growth of the sports economy during the last 100 years, as well as an impressive increase in results and performance levels in most sports. It is in turn linked to the comprehensive competition logic that drives sportification of performance and practice in predominantly Western sport, rooted in the cultivation of able bodies, and maximum performance. However, as sports have developed in tandem with the global industrial economy it is also facing similar problems. Over the last decade, sport organisations, supporters, athletes, scholars, and others have begun to problematise the consequences of an ever-growing sports economy and the constant strive for increasing performance levels, growing events, and intensified travel. This introduction will present an overview of how the logics of practice guided by performance, and the sportification model, are linked to potentially problematic aspects of sports in relation to the environment. We pose questions about whether sportification and a strong focus on increasing performance can go hand in hand with a sustainable development.

According to labor movement historian Axel Uhlén, two local conflicts in Malmö have created a huge interest all around Sweden (Uhlén, A. (1949) Facklig kamp i Malmö under sju decennier (Malmö: Framtiden), p. 259). The first labor dispute is the woodworker’s strike in 1890, called the Malmö revolt when thousands of people demonstrated in the streets and squares in the city center. Both local police and military forces encountered the demonstrators. The other one is a strike among municipal workers in 1908. 

There are a great number of archival collections containing testimonies or stories from Holocaust survivors. This presentation explores the making of one such collection: the Raoul Wallenberg Project Archive. The motives for and practices of how to collect, archive and use testimonies or stories from persons categorized as survivors have varied over time. Documentation methods are never neutral; rather they are rooted in a specific time and place, and sometimes also in specific sets of institutional histories, practices and ideas. According to Jacques Derrida, “…archivization produces as much as it records the event.” (1996:17) The purpose of this presentation is to explore Paul A. Levine’s and the other initiators and creators motives for making the Raoul Wallenberg Project Archive. 

Kapitlet tar sin utgångspunkt i tidigare forsknings diskussion om olika händelser som har varit viktigaför framväxten av en minneskultur kring Förintelsen, och hur ”de överlevande” över tid har blivit personer som ska hyllas, intervjuas och ihågkommas. Författaren ansluter sig till den forskning som har framhållit att det är viktigt att synliggöra hur centrala de förföljda och senare de överlevande själva har varit under degångna snart 80 åren, för att driva kunskapen omoch minnet av Förintelsen och nazisternas brott motmänskligheten framåt. I kapitlet argumenterar författaren för att Ilona Karmels bok Den polska flickan, som gavs ut på svenska 1954, kan förstås som ett viktigt bidrag till en sådan kunskapsproduktion, och att den kanses som en tidig publicerad berättelse från en judisk överlevande med anknytning till Sverige. Det som analyseras är dock inte Den polska flickan i sig, utan hur Ilona Karmel och boken mottogs av litteraturkritiker i svensk och svenskjudisk press. 

De epokala tendenserna i dansk historieundervisning – deocentrism, antropocentrism och polycentrism – kan i viss mån sägas känneteckna också svensk historieunder-visning. En än mer träffande beskrivning av svensk historieundervisning skulle dock vara Gud och nytta, nationen samt demokrati och medborgarfostran. Svenska historie-läroböcker tycks mer kännetecknas av kontinuitet än av förändring (Gustafsson, 2017).

Although many survivors of the Holocaust came to and remained in Sweden after the Second World War, Swedish historiography has never shown much interest in their lives and the roles that they played in Swedish political, cultural, and social life. More than twenty years after the Stockholm international forum conferences, this panel thinks it is time that survivors – as complex figures who continued to survive in their new country –receive the scholarly attention they deserve: as historical figures, discursive constructs and as archival subjects. Together, the three panellists are endeavouring to redefine what “Sweden and the Holocaust” means, arguing that victims and victimisation as well as survivors and survival constitute equally important phenomena compared to the much-explored subjects of bystanderism and rescue. 

This chapter proposes the theme of the history of travel and travelers for a comprehensive approach to teaching and learning history for active citizenship education. In particular, we analyze briefly on the historical ways: itineraries, routes, and cultures. From the routes of faith to the itineraries and routes of trade to the routes of conflict (European explorations and conquests in the Americas, from the crusades to the world wars) and their participants; your travel and trade. Over the millennia, the sea has been the main vector of trade and the Mediterranean ports have been crucial places for the economy. Networks of exchanges from foodstuffs to metals, from timber to grain, spices and textiles, men, women, slaves, yesterday as still today; the journeys and mirages of forced nomads. These are contents that through an active methodology can offer a critical approach to the phenomenon of travel considered decisive for the elaboration of European societies and make students acquire a vision of the complex relationships existing between different cultures through an approach by outcomes of history. Knowing the fundamental moments and processes of the European history of time travel with glances at world history starting also from personal and local history and expounding historical knowledge by making connections and arguing one’s own reflections, we believe can develop education for democratic citizenship through critical and responsible behavior inspired by the values of freedom and solidarity at all levels of organized life (local, national, European, and world).

Anmeldelse: Parapolitics – Cultural Freedom and the Cold War

This article presents the initial findings of an interdisciplinary oral history study on community resilience co-created with inhabitants of Tuti, an island located at the confluence of the White and Blue Nile in the Sudanese capital of Greater Khartoum. The primary focus of this study is the intersection of life in Tuti with the environment with particular attention to extreme flood events, a recurrent phenomenon in the history of the island. Oral history techniques revealed the complexities of an imbued social memory that links the community to past floods and takes the form of a set of resources that Tutians mobilize to manage floods. Situating social memory as the conceptual framework for analysis, this study explores the traditional flood management system of tayas (تاية). It then highlights the role of cultural values for shaping collective action in response to flood events, with particular attention to the mobilizing tactic of nafeer (نفیر). The importance of place attachment for shaping social memory and community resilience is also discussed. This article demonstrates the analytical value of oral history for studying human-environment interaction in Africa and elsewhere.

Artikeln handlar om den svenska arbetarrörelsens relation till nazismen på 1930-talet.

Artikeln tar sin utgångspunkt i en händelse 1937 då en judisk man slår en ung nazist utanför synagogan i Lund.