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Wireless Potentiometric Monitoring of Microbial Biofilm Formation: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria
Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Biomedical Science (BMV). Malmö University, Biofilms Research Centre for Biointerfaces (BRCB). Obducat Technologies AB, Nytänkargatan 4, 223 63, Lund, Sweden.
Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Biomedical Science (BMV). Malmö University, Biofilms Research Centre for Biointerfaces (BRCB).ORCID iD: 0009-0005-4825-9569
Obducat Technologies AB, Nytänkargatan 4, 223 63, Lund, Sweden.
Obducat Technologies AB, Nytänkargatan 4, 223 63, Lund, Sweden.
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2025 (English)In: ChemElectroChem, E-ISSN 2196-0216Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

A wireless potentiometric sensor offers a robust platform for detecting microbial growth, which is crucial for managing infected wounds that can lead to serious complications such as tissue spread, systemic infection, or sepsis, potentially resulting in life-threatening conditions. Herein, a solid-state potentiometric working/reference electrode system with a Bluetooth-enabled system on a chip, supporting continuous wireless monitoring of microbial growth is shown. The sensor monitors open circuit potentials (OCPs) in culture media, which significantly decrease due to bacterial growth after inoculation with Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Notably, Staphylococcus aureus demonstrates lower electrogenic activity compared with the Gram-negative bacteria, likely owing to its reduced viability. Following thorough in vitro testing, the sensor is also evaluated ex vivo. Stable connections between the sensor and a smartphone receiver ensure reliable data collection and processing, facilitating remote monitoring. A slight decrease in OCP is observed in rat wounds inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and significant decrease with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Incorporation of the wireless sensing module for continuous measurement and data collection can greatly enhance early detection capabilities regarding bacterial infections in wounds. This setup offers a convenient and effective method for point-of-care sensing, significantly advancing the management and treatment of wound infections.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley , 2025.
Keywords [en]
bacteria, biofilms, open circuit potentials, potentiometric sensors, wound infections
National Category
Microbiology in the Medical Area
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-75466DOI: 10.1002/celc.202400691ISI: 001461633500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105001968167OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-75466DiVA, id: diva2:1952782
Available from: 2025-04-16 Created: 2025-04-16 Last updated: 2025-04-16Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Wireless optical and electrical sensors, and combinations thereof, for biomedical applications
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Wireless optical and electrical sensors, and combinations thereof, for biomedical applications
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The studies explore advancements in wireless sensor technologies for medical applications, particularly for wireless detection of skin hydration, non-invasive glucose monitoring, and microbial detection. The first academic paper describes a capacitive humidity sensor for assessing relative humidity and skin hydration, utilizing the sensitive dielectric properties of the monoolein–water system. Tested across various humidity levels and temperatures, these novel double-functional sensors feature interdigitated electrodes covered with monoolein and show a promising potential for wireless detection of skin hydration. The second and third academic papers focus on a wireless potentiometric sensor designed to detect bacteria in urine and monitor microbial biofilm formation in wounds, respectively, using Bluetooth-enabled sensors to detect bacterial growth in vitro and ex vivo. The fourth paper assesses the development of fluid-less, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring devices, comparing their accuracy and challenges with traditional invasive methods. Despite some improvements, the study reveals that current devices like the BG20 glucometer need significant enhancements to meet clinical accuracy standards. Overall, the thesis emphasizes the potential of innovative wireless sensor technologies in improving medical diagnostics, while also addressing the limitations that must be overcome to ensure clinical reliability.

Abstract [sv]

I denna avhandling undersöks utvecklingen av trådlösa sensorer för medicinska tillämpningar, med fokus på mätning av hudhydrering, icke-invasiv övervakning av blodsocker och detektion av bakterier. Genom att kombinera avancerade material och innovativa tekniker inom trådlös kommunikation har sensorer utvecklats som kan mäta fysiologiska parametrar och upptäcka infektioner på ett enkelt och bekvämt sätt.

Ett av projekten presenterar en trådlös kapacitiv sensor som mäter hudens fukthalt genom att registrera förändringar i kapacitans. Sensorn är baserad på ett biokompatibelt material, monoolein, som reagerar på fukt och temperaturförändringar. Testning visade att sensorn effektivt kunde spåra hudens fuktnivåer, även efter fysisk aktivitet, och att dess mätningar stämde väl överens med kommersiella referensinstrument. Detta gör teknologin lovande för användning inom både vård och personlig hälsa.

En annan del av avhandlingen beskriver en potentiometrisk sensor, modifierad med ett redoxaktivt ämne, som används för att detektera bakterietillväxt i urin och övervaka bakteriella biofilmer i sår. Sensorn är trådlös och kan mäta elektriska potentialförändringar som uppstår vid mikrobiell aktivitet. Resultaten visade att sensorn kan identifiera bakterier både i laboratoriemiljö och i simulerade biologiska miljöer, vilket öppnar möjligheter för realtidsövervakning av infektioner. Slutligen har icke-invasiva metoder för blodsockermätning utvärderats. En enhet med flera sensorer, inklusive en nära infraröd sensor, testades och jämfördes med traditionella blodprov. Även om tekniken erbjuder bekvämlighet visade studien att den inte ännu uppfyller de höga noggrannhetskraven för kliniskt bruk, men förbättringar genom maskininlärning och effektivare algoritmer kan potentiellt lösa dessa utmaningar.Avhandlingen framhäver de stora möjligheterna med trådlösa sensorteknologier för medicinsk diagnostik och övervakning. Samtidigt identifieras viktiga begränsningar som måste övervinnas för att säkerställa att dessa teknologier blir kliniskt pålitliga. På sikt kan de erbjuda nya sätt att förbättra vården genom att möjliggöra kontinuerlig, icke-invasiv och patientnära datainsamling.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö: Malmö University Press, 2025. p. 62
Series
Malmö University Health and Society Dissertations, ISSN 1653-5383, E-ISSN 2004-9277 ; 2025:1
National Category
Biomedical Laboratory Science/Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-72794 (URN)10.24834/isbn.9789178775194 (DOI)978-91-7877-518-7 (ISBN)978-91-7877-519-4 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-01-10, Auditorium E002, Faculty of Health and Society, Jan Waldenströms gata 25, Malmö, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Paper III in dissertation as manuscript.

Paper IV submitted.

No papers included in the fulltext online.

Available from: 2024-12-17 Created: 2024-12-17 Last updated: 2025-04-16Bibliographically approved

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Genevskiy, VladislavChaturvedi, VivekShleev, Sergey

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