In this chapter, Martin Grander and Mark Stephens discuss the current academic understanding of how housing interlocks with welfare. The chapter problematises models that seek to analyse housing and welfare in tandem, building on the literature on decreasing housing affordability, more limited access to housing, and increasing housing inequality. Based on this literature – and on recent critiques of the housing-welfare regime framework from housing scholars – the authors argue for an updated empirically grounded understanding of the relationship. The chapter presents a framework for an updated, understanding of the interrelation, developing Kemeny’s theories and the current paradigm of analysing housing systems from a comparative welfare state perspective. As the authors argue, such a developed understanding needs to be based on empirical data on housing and welfare from different contexts, which evidently have undergone important changes in recent decades.