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Structure of Total High-Density Lipoproteins and Subfractions as a function of lipid serum profile: A Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering study
Malmö University, Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces. Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Biomedical Science (BMV).
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

High-density lipoproteins (HDL), also known as "good cholesterol," are essential for preserving cardiovascular health. Understanding the different functions and how each HDL subfraction contributes to general health requires a comprehension of the structural complexity of HDL subfractions. Subpopulations of HDL particles with distinctive lipid and protein contents include HDL2b, HDL2a, and HDL3. These subfractions have various affinities for lipids and cholesterol, which affects how well they mediate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and how effective they might be at preventing a therosclerosis. Clarifying these subfractions' unique functions in cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular prevention requires a thorough investigation of their structural characteristics. Here, we reveal structural details of total HDL fraction and its subfractions by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), a powerful technique to determine particle size, shape, and internal structure without the need for freezing. This property makes SAXS very attractive for analysing the dynamic properties in HDL. Briefly, we found remarkable differences between total HDL (HDLT) and the subpopulations HDL3, HDL2a and HDL2b regarding their biochemical composition and structural characteristics when comparing between individuals presenting a high or low risk of developing cardiovascular disease(CVD).

Keywords [en]
High-density lipoprotein, small angle X-ray scattering, lipid serum profile, structure-composition
National Category
Medicinal Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-64197OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-64197DiVA, id: diva2:1818346
Available from: 2023-12-11 Created: 2023-12-11 Last updated: 2023-12-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Role of lipoprotein structure and dynamics in disease development: from atherosclerosis to Covid-19
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Role of lipoprotein structure and dynamics in disease development: from atherosclerosis to Covid-19
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Lipoproteins play a crucial role in lipid metabolism, serving as carriers for lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the bloodstream. Atherosclerosis is a complex cardiovascular disease characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaques in arterial walls, leading to narrowed and hardened arteries. Recently, the spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, has been the subject of research concerning its potential impact on lipid metabolism and its association with cardiovascular disease. Understanding the interaction between lipoproteins and the spike protein influence on lipid metabolism could have implications for our knowledge of cardiovascular health.

In this research, we investigated the ultrastructure of HDL from individuals with different lipid profiles as well as the interaction of mature HDL and model of nascent HDL with model membranes. Understanding these differences will help create novel rHDL particles with superior lipid-removing and CVD-treating properties. Finally, the interaction between the spike protein and HDL in model cell membranes to study potential imbalances in lipid metabolism. To achieve the different objectives, lipid deposition, exchange and removal were followed by techniques such as Neutron reflection and attenuated total reflection Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy while, the ultrastructure was unravelled by small-angle X-ray scattering.

Abstract [es]

En la sangre humana, las lipoproteínas sirven como transportador de lípidos como el colesterol y los triglicéridos. Cuando se acumula demasiado colesterol en las arterias, puede causar aterosclerosis, una condición que puede afectar al corazón.

Ahora se ha hablado mucho sobre la proteína “spike” del virus que causó la pandemia de COVID-19. Los investigadores encuentran una conexión entre cómo el virus y esta proteína en particular podrían afectar la forma en que el cuerpo humano maneja las grasas. Esto es importante porque podría mostrar una relación entre la enfermedad causada por este virus y las enfermedades cardiovasculares.

En esta tesis, analicé de cerca la estructura del HDL, el tipo de lipoproteína también conocida como “colesterol bueno”. Correlacioné su estructura con cómo el HDL intercambia grasas de Membranas Celulares modelo, que consisten en un modelo simplificado de las paredes de nuestras células. Mi intención era descubrir estas correlaciones porque podrían ayudarnos a producir HDL artificiales que pueden ser usadas para eliminar grasas y tratar problemas cardíacos.

Por último, observé cómo se comporta la proteína “spike” del virus que causa la enfermedad COVID-19 y el HDL cuando se encuentran juntos en las paredes celulares modelo. Esto podría decirnos si esta proteína afecta como nuestro cuerpo maneja la grasa.

Para estudiar todo esto, utilicé algunas técnicas sofisticadas como la reflexión de neutrones y la espectroscopia infrarroja para rastrear cómo se mueven las grasas, y también rayos X para tomar "fotografías" de la estructura del HDL. 

Abstract [sv]

I mänskligt blod arbetar lipoproteiner som viktiga bärare av fetter som kolesterol och triglycerider. När för mycket kolesterol ansamlas i artärerna kan det orsaka ateroskleros, ett sjukdomstillstånd som påverkar hjärtat.

De senaste åren har det varit mycket diskussioner om "spike-proteinet" från det virus som orsakade COVID-19 pandemin. Forskare har funnit ett samband mellan hur viruset och detta protein kan påverka hur den mänskliga kroppen hanterar fett. Detta skulle kunna vara viktigt eftersom det kan visa på ett samband mellan sjukdomen orsakad av viruset och hjärt-kärlsjukdomar. I denna avhandling har jag tittat närmare på strukturen för HDL, den typ av lipoprotein som är känd som "det goda kolesterolet". Jag korrelerade dess struktur med hur HDL utbyter fett från modellmembran, en förenklad modell av våra cellväggar. Jag hade för avsikt att utreda dessa korrelationer eftersom de skulle kunna hjälpa oss att skapa skräddarskydd HDL som är ännu bättre på att avlägsna fett och behandla hjärt-kärlsjukdom.

Slutligen tittade jag på hur "spike-proteinet" från viruset som orsakade COVID19 och HDL uppför sig när de möts vid ett modellmembran. Detta skulle kunna berätta för oss huruvida detta protein påverkar hur våra kroppar hanterar fett.

För att undersöka allt detta har jag använt tjusiga metoder som neutronreflektion och infraröd spektroskopi för att spåra hur fett rör sig och röntgen för att ta "bilder" på HDLs struktur. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö: Malmö University Press, 2023. p. 83
Series
Malmö University Health and Society Dissertations, ISSN 1653-5383 ; 6
National Category
Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
Research subject
Health and society
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-64195 (URN)10.24834/isbn.9789178773978 (DOI)978-91-7877-396-1 (ISBN)978-91-7877-397-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-11-24, E002, Jan Waldenströms gata 25, Malmö, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Paper I and II in dissertation as manuscript

Available from: 2023-12-11 Created: 2023-12-10 Last updated: 2024-02-29Bibliographically approved

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