The first theoretical transition probabilities and oscillator strengths are reported for Rh II lines of astrophysical interest in the VUV region (100–200 nm). They have been obtained through the use of a pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock model including core-polarization effects and the accuracy has been estimated to be about 10–15% through a comparison with new experimental lifetimes measured using the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique.