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Will to power: Revaluating (female) empowerment in ‘fitspiration’
Malmö University, Faculty of Education and Society (LS), Department of Sports Sciences (IDV).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4322-9916
2024 (English)In: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, ISSN 1751-1321, E-ISSN 1751-133X, Vol. 18, no 2, p. 177-193Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Female empowerment has long been a prominent social concern in Western culture. With the rise of social media, the quest for female empowerment has become embodied in self-presentational practices, occurring conspicuously throughout the Instagram fitness subculture: ‘fitspiration’. Here, female empowerment is merged with the body-centrality inherent to fitness, and the self-sexualization that has become characteristic of both photo-based social media in general, and fitspiration in particular. Meanwhile, an extensive body of research highlights numerous detrimental effects of self-sexualization on women. Evidently, something seems awry with the implied proposition ‘sexualization as empowerment’. Drawing on Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy of power and its relationship to human flourishing, this article aims to critically examine the conception of female empowerment expressed in fitspiration and to conceptualize a philosophically compelling reformulation of universal human empowerment. I argue that what is commonly conceived of as female empowerment in trends like fitspiration—delineated in its explicit relationship to sexualization—may be seriously flawed. Rejecting this understanding in favor of a Nietzschean universal alternative may prove beneficial to individuals both within and without the contemporary fitness culture. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2024. Vol. 18, no 2, p. 177-193
Keywords [en]
Empowerment, fitspiration, power, sexualization, Nietzsche
National Category
Philosophy
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-58414DOI: 10.1080/17511321.2023.2182350ISI: 000937530500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85148716634OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-58414DiVA, id: diva2:1740169
Available from: 2023-02-28 Created: 2023-02-28 Last updated: 2025-03-06Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Conspicuous Fitness: Social Media, Fitspiration, and the Rise of the Exhibitionistic Self
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Conspicuous Fitness: Social Media, Fitspiration, and the Rise of the Exhibitionistic Self
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This dissertation deals with the emergence, attraction, and normalization of a widespread, digital exhibitionism and its implications. In this age of imagery, the compulsive sharing of personal photographs on social media has become pervasive. Unabashedly narcissistic displays are all but encouraged. A transformation of social norms has occurred, and it is particularly evident within the social media fitness culture, known as fitspiration.

A portmanteau of "fitness" and "inspiration," fitspiration ostensibly promotes health through visual content on social media but is often characterized by visual displays of the body, even overt nudity, framed within a fitness context. Amid a pervasive youth mental health crisis, this study posits this novel phenomenon as more than a digital trend; rather, it reflects deeper socio-cultural shifts, ideological currents, going so far as encompassing existential dilemmas. Crucially, it also represents a manifestation of the intrinsic biases of the medium itself. As such, it affords insights into how the dominance of social media impacts human communication and societal values.

Drawing on Nietzschean philosophy and core principles of media ecology, this study presents a piercing analysis of fitspiration and its facilitating medium. It argues that the self-representational practices of fitspiration exemplify a novel trend, aimed at maximizing attention and validation, that now saturate social media. Examining these aesthetic practices, their widespread appeal, and the implications of a culture increasingly oriented around such self-expressions, it argues that photo-based social media exploits unreflective, desirous, and narcissistic impulses, fostering an unhealthy cultural trajectory.

Through this critical examination of fitspiration, the study illuminates the profound impact of social media, challenging conventional wisdom and offering new insights into the relationship between technology, culture, and human behavior. It also outlines crucial philosophical and ethical perspectives argued to be necessary for navigating the challenges imposed by the current age of imagery.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö: Malmö University Press, 2024. p. 194
Series
Malmö Studies in Sport Sciences, ISSN 1652-3180 ; 46
Keywords
Social media, Fitspiration, Nietzsche, Media ecology, Mental health, Exhibitionism, Hedonism, Narcissism
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences Media and Communication Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-70439 (URN)10.24834/isbn.9789178774890 (DOI)978-91-7877-488-3 (ISBN)978-91-7877-489-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-09-20, D138, Malmö, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-08-27 Created: 2024-08-20 Last updated: 2025-03-06Bibliographically approved

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Daudi, Aurélien

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