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Hur påverkar fysisk aktivitet individens epigenom?: Litteraturstudie
Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS).
2022 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
How does physical activity affect the individual's epigenome? (English)
Abstract [sv]

Forskningen visar att fysisk aktivitet främjar god hälsa och minskar risken för att utveckla olika typer av sjukdomar som framför allt är korrelerat till en stillasittande livsstil. I dagsläget är det svårt att i detalj beskriva hur kroppen genetiskt påverkas av olika typer av fysisk ansträngning. Det har på senare år blivit tydligare att epigenetisk modifiering har en betydande roll i hur kroppens vävnader anpassar sig till rådande yttre faktorer. Epigenetik som är ett relativt nytt område inom molekylärbiologin, beskriver hur genomet kan regleras utan att nukleotiderna förändras. Vilket innebär en förändring av genuttrycket som sker ovanpå genomet. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka hur fysisk aktivitet påverkar individers epigenom på specifikt skelettmuskelceller i åldersgrupperna 18–65 år, hos både män och kvinnor. Artiklarna som användes i den här litteraturstudien söktes fram med hjälp av databasen PubMed med specifikt utvalda sökord som går i linje med denna litteraturstudies syfte. Sökorden som användes var: Epigenetic AND exercise AND skeletal muscle AND Epigenetic skeletal muscle regulation. Litteraturstudien visade att en reduktion av metyleringar på ett flertal promotorregioner på DNA bildas efter ett intensivt träningspass. Detta leder i sin tur till en ökad transkription av de berörda generna. Metyleringsmönster som bildas är i hög grad korrelerad till träningsform/intensitet. Det kunde även observeras en ökning av acetyleringar på specifika gener. Endast specifika microRNA uppreglerades regelbundet efter intensiv träning som har en koppling till muskelproliferation samt differentiering. Det kunde även observeras en nedreglering av samma gener vid kroniskträning. Majoriteten av resultateten som erhölls var i direkt korrelation med träningsintensiteten. Detta är en avgörande faktor för hur bland annat metyleringsmönstret kommer att se ut samt att dessa mönster bildas snabbare än vad det tidigare har spekulerats kring.

Abstract [en]

Research shows that physical activity promotes good health and reduces the risk of developing various types of diseases that are primarily correlated with a sedentary lifestyle. At present, it is difficult to describe in detail how the body is genetically affected by different types of physical exertion. In recent years, it has become clearer that epigenetic modification plays a significant role in how the body's tissues adapt to the prevailing external factors. Epigenetics, which is a relatively new field in molecular biology, describes how the genome can be regulated without changing the nucleotides. Which means a change in the gene expression that takes place on top of the genome. The purpose of this literature study is to investigate how physical activity affects individual’s epigenome specifically on the skeletal muscle cells in the age groups 18-65 years, in both men and women. The articles that were used in this literature study were searched for by using the PubMed database with specifically selected keywords that were in line with the purpose of this literature study. The keywords used were: Epigenetic AND exercise AND skeletal muscle AND Epigenetic skeletal muscle regulation. This literature study showed that a reduction of methylations on several promoter regions on DNA is formed after an intensive training session. Which in turn leads to an increased transcription of the affected genes. Methylation patterns that are formed are highly correlated with training form / intensity. An increase in acetylation on specific genes could also be observed. Only specific microRNAs were regularly upregulated after intensive training that has a link to muscle proliferation and differentiation. A down-regulation of the same genes could also be observed during chronic training. Most of the results obtained were in direct correlation with the training intensity. This is the most decisive factor for how the methylation pattern will look like and that these patterns are formed faster than previously speculated.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2022. , p. 18
Keywords [en]
Acetylation, Epigenome, Methylation, MicroRNA, Physical activity
Keywords [sv]
Acetylering, Epigenom, Fysisk aktivitet, Metylering, MicroRNA
National Category
Cell and Molecular Biology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-52856OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-52856DiVA, id: diva2:1669798
Educational program
HS Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2022-06-15 Created: 2022-06-15 Last updated: 2022-06-15Bibliographically approved

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