The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that the Belt and Road Initiative, through the theory application of neo-Marxism and neo-Colonialism, is a one-sided project. These theories, from the Marxist school of thought, provide a successful analysis when studying how developed countries exploit developing countries to benefit themselves. The paper uses quantitative data with a case study analysis to demonstrate that China’s domestic issues motivated them to develop the Belt and Road Initiative. The data reveals when using the case studies of Laos, Pakistan and Montenegro, that China is using the Belt and Road Initiative to solve their excess capacity issues while endangering the economies of developing countries. As well as that, it demonstrates that the winners of the Belt and Road Initiative is China, together with its State-Owned Enterprises. Therefore, the paper concludes that the Belt and Road Initiative fits the theoretical framework of neo-Marxism and neo-Colonialism.