My thesis will dispute one of the most essential threats experienced by the young South Caucasian states since restoring their state sovereignity from Russia. Russia follows an agressive foreign political course and implements a direct menace for these newly independent states. It became obvious due to the military occupation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in August of 2008 and supporting the local separatists. The main goal of thesis is to analyse and eloborate on the main motivations of the Russian government's policy towards Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. My research question seeks to examine how domestic and international political factors formulated and structured the foreign policy of Russia towards the South Caucasian states. In addition, the theoretical framework will take into consideration the neo-classical realism theory of international relations. I wll use qualitative research methods for data collection and analysis and it will help me to analyse three essential factors formulated the Russian policy in the South Caucaus. The thesis recognized the fact that the Russian elite consider the close cooperation of the Caucasian states with NATO as a danger for their interests in their traditional zone of influence. The thesis will underline the significance of President Putin in Russia since the state is authoritarian and he could be considered as the main desicion-maker in foreign policy. Yet, Vladimir Putin is not an absolute power symbol as Joseph Stalin and modern Russia is not the Soviet Union. Putin depends on the statements of the various fractions in Russian society. The thesis will complete with idea that three factors explain the reasons of the assertive forein policy of Russia towards the South Caucasian states.