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Guided bone generation in a rabbit mandible model after periosteal expansion with an osmotic tissue expander.
Malmö högskola, Faculty of Odontology (OD).
2011 (English)In: Clinical Oral Implants Research, ISSN 0905-7161, E-ISSN 1600-0501, Vol. 22, no 11, p. 1282-8Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the space-maintaining capacity of titanium mesh covered by a collagen membrane after soft tissue expansion on the lateral border of the mandible in rabbits, and to assess bone quantity and quality using autogenous particulate bone or bone-substitute (Bio-Oss(®) ), and if soft tissue ingrowth can be avoided by covering the mesh with a collagen membrane.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 11 rabbits, a self-inflatable soft tissue expander was placed under the lateral mandibular periosteum via an extra-oral approach. After 2 weeks, the expanders were removed and a particulated onlay bone graft and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) (Bio-Oss(®) ) were placed in the expanded area and covered by a titanium mesh. The bone and DBBM were separated in two compartments under the mesh with a collagen membrane in between. The mesh was then covered with a collagen membrane. After 3 months, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected for histology.

RESULTS: The osmotic soft tissue expander created a subperiosteal pocket and a ridge of new bone formed at the edges of the expanded periosteum in all sites. After the healing period of 3 months, no soft tissue dehiscence was recorded. The mean bone fill was 58.1±18% in the bone grafted area and 56.9±13.7% in the DBBM area. There was no significant difference between the autologous bone graft and the DDBM under the titanium mesh with regard to the total bone area or the mineralized bone area. Scanning electron microscopy showed that new bone was growing in direct contact with the DBBM particles and the titanium mesh. There is a soft tissue ingrowth even after soft tissue expansion and protection of the titanium mesh with a collagen membrane.

CONCLUSION: This study confirms that an osmotic soft tissue expander creates a surplus of periosteum and soft tissue, and that new bone can subsequently be generated under a titanium mesh with the use of an autologous bone graft or DBBM.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Vol. 22, no 11, p. 1282-8
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-36845DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02108.xPubMedID: 21985285OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-36845DiVA, id: diva2:1501298
Available from: 2020-11-16 Created: 2020-11-16 Last updated: 2022-06-27Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Intra-oral soft tissue expansion and volume stability of onlay bone grafts
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Intra-oral soft tissue expansion and volume stability of onlay bone grafts
2011 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Implantat är idag en väl etablerad behandlingsform. I många fallfinns dock inte tillräckligt med käkben för att på ett optimalt sättkunna rekonstruera patientens bett såväl ur funktionell som estetisksynpunkt. I dessa fall används olika tekniker för att tillförakäkben. Problemet med dessa tekniker är att benvolymen minskarunder inläkningen speciellt om ben transplanteras till laterala ochvertikala positioner. Vidare kan det vara svårt att få tillräckligtmed mjukvävnad för att uppnå estetiskt tillfredställande resultat,speciellt i överkäksfronten. Avhandlingens övergripande mål är attintroducera och utvärdera en ny teknik för mjukvävnadsexpansionför att optimera förutsättningarna för en efterföljande bentransplantationav tillräcklig volym för kommande installation avimplantat.I de experimentella studierna har kanin använts som försöksdjur.I delarbete (I) placerades en osmotisk mjukvävnadsexpander bilateraltunder benhinnan (periostet) på åtta djur via en extraoral entré.Efter två veckor hade periostet expanderat och en subperiostalficka bildats. Djuren avlivades och vävnad togs för histologisk undersökning.Denna visade inga inflammatoriska reaktioner eller resorptionerav benet. Periostet hade expanderats och nytt ben hadebildats i periferin av expandern genom att periostet lyfts långsamtoch stimulerat till bennybildning. På samma sätt som beskrivits ovan placerades expandern i delarbetena(II) och (III) på 13 respektive 11 kaniner.Efter 14 dagars expansion sövdes kaninerna på nytt, expandernavlägsnades och partikulerat käkben placerades på utsidan av mandibelnbilateralt (delarbete II). På ena sidan täcktes det med ett titannätoch på andra sidan med ett resorberbart nät. Efter tre månadersinläkning hade benbildning skett under båda näten. Volymen underdet resorberbara nätet var större (p<0.05) men inga skillnad noteradesi mängden mineraliserat ben. Två resorberbara nät perforeradeden orala slemhinnan. Detta berodde troligen på att det resorberbaranätet var svårare att konturera och anpass mot underkäken.I delarbete (III) placerades partikulerat ben och Bio Oss, separeratav ett kollagenmembran, unilateralt på mandibeln under etttitannät som i sin tur var täckt av ett kollagenmembran. Volymennybildat ben i anslutning till autologt ben respektive Bio Oss registreradesefter 3 månaders inläkning. Inga skillnader i benvolymförelåg. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) visade i båda studiernaatt ben växte i direkt kontakt med såväl autologt ben sombensubstitut.Till den kliniska studien (delarbete IV) rekryterades 20 patienterkonsekutivt. De fördelades slumpmässigt i två grupper. I experimentgruppenopererades 10 patienter med en osmotisk mjukvävnadsexpander.Efter två veckor avlägsnades denna och benuppbyggnadgjordes med partikulerat ben täckt av ett titannät ochett kollagenmembran. Efter sex månaders läkning installerades implantat.I referensgruppen gjordes benuppbyggnad med benblockföljt av en implantatoperation efter sex månader.Ett optiskt mätinstrument användes för att registrera förändringari mjukvävnaden efter såväl subperiostal expansion sombenuppbyggnad. Dessa förändringar lagrades i en PC där värdenakunde analyseras och jämföras.Resultaten från den kliniska studien stämde väl överens med deexperimentella. Expandern expanderade periost och täckandemjukvävnad. Det föreligger dock en risk att expandern perforerarmjukvävnaden. Den optiska mätningen visade en volymsförbättringefter mjukvävnadsexpansionen. Den expanderade vävnadenkunde användas till att täcka ett bentransplantat som skyddades av ett titannät samt ett kollagen membran. Trots tidigare vävnads expansionexponerades titannätet genom slemhinnan i två fall. Fixturinstallationkunde utföras som planerat både i den experimentellagruppen samt referens gruppen. Det optiska mätinstrumentet(PRIMOS® optical 3D) var ett lättanvänt och repeterbart mätinstrumentsom levererade vävnadsförändringar med stor exakthet.

Abstract [en]

Insufficient regeneration of missing bone and soft-tissue may presentaesthetic or functional problems in patients indicated for dentalimplant surgery. Several techniques such as bone grafts, bone substitutesand guided tissue regeneration (GTR) have been described torebuild a compromised alveolar ridge. Adequate soft-tissue coverageof grafted bone and titanium-mesh is important to avoid exposurewhich may result in loss of the bone graft.The general aim of this thesis was to evaluate use of an osmotictissue expander for expanding intra-oral soft tissue – creating a surplusof soft tissue – in preparation for onlay bone grafting.An experimental rabbit model was used in studies (I), (II) and (III).In (I) an osmotic soft-tissue expander was placed bilaterally on thelateral wall of the mandible via an extra-oral approach. After twoweeks of expansion the rabbits were killed and specimens were collectedfor histology. No inflammatory reaction and no resorbtion ofthe cortical bone occured. The periosteum was expanded and newbone formation was seen in the edges of the expander.In (II) and (III) the expander was placed under the periosteum in thesame way as in (I): bilaterally in 13 rabbits in (II) and unilaterally in11 rabbits in (III).After two weeks of expansion the expander was identified andremoved. In (II) particulated bone was placed at the recipient siteprotected by a titanium mesh in one site and a bio-resorbable meshon the other site. In (III), DBBM particles and bone particles collected from the lateralborder of the mandible separated by a collagen membrane wasplaced at the recipient site. The graft was protected by a pre-benttitanium mesh covered by a collagen membrane.After a healing period of 3 months specimens were collected forhistological and SEM examination. New bone was growing in directcontact with the titanium mesh and bio resorbable mesh. The newlyformed bone had the same calcium content as the mature bone in thebase of the mandible.In the clinical study (IV) 20 patients were consecutively recruitedand randomised into two groups.The experimental group (ten patients) had an osmotic soft tissueexpander implanted. After two weeks of expansion the expanderwas removed and a particulated bone graft protected by a titaniummesh and a collagen membrane was fixed to the recipient site. Titaniumimplants were installed after a healing period of 6 months.The patients in the reference group had a bone block grafted fromthe anterior ramus fixated to the recipient site with one or two titaniummini screws. Implants were installed after a healing period of6 months.A three dimensional optical measuring device was used to measurealterations in the soft tissue profile before each surgical procedure.The three-dimensional changes were then analysed on a PC.The results from the clinical study in patients confirmed the resultsfrom the experimental rabbit studies. The osmotic tissue expanderexpanded the soft tissue. Expander perforations of the soft tissueoccurred in two patients. The optical measurements demonstrated apositive volume gain after soft tissue expansion and bone grafting.The expanded tissue could be used to cover a bone graft. There stillwas a risk of mesh exposure, even after soft tissue expansion, whichoccurred in two patients. In both groups, implants could be installedin the grafted bone in positions that would allow the crowns to fitaesthetically into the dental arch.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryMaxillofacial unit, Halmstad Hospital, Sweden, 2011. p. 66
Series
Swedish Dental Journal : Supplement, ISSN 0348-6672 ; 211
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7710 (URN)11681 (Local ID)978-91-7104-381-8 (ISBN)11681 (Archive number)11681 (OAI)
Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2022-06-27Bibliographically approved

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